The Doctor of Education is a research or professional doctoral degree that focuses on the field of education. It prepares the holder for academic,research,administrative,clinical,or professional positions in educational,civil,private organizations,or public institutions. Considerable differences exist in structure,content and aims between regions.
Pedagogy,most commonly understood as the approach to teaching,is the theory and practice of learning,and how this process influences,and is influenced by,the social,political,and psychological development of learners. Pedagogy,taken as an academic discipline,is the study of how knowledge and skills are imparted in an educational context,and it considers the interactions that take place during learning. Both the theory and practice of pedagogy vary greatly as they reflect different social,political,and cultural contexts.
Andragogy refers to methods and principles used in adult education. The word comes from the Greek ἀνδρ- (andr-),meaning "adult male",and ἀγωγός(agogos),meaning "leader of". Therefore,andragogy literally means "leading men ",whereas "pedagogy" literally means "leading children".
The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching (CFAT) is a U.S.-based education policy and research center. It was founded by Andrew Carnegie in 1905 and chartered in 1906 by an act of the United States Congress. Among its most notable accomplishments are the development of the Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association (TIAA),the Flexner Report on medical education,the Carnegie Unit,the Educational Testing Service,and the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education.
Gloria Jean Ladson-Billings FBA is an American pedagogical theorist and teacher educator known for her work in the fields of culturally relevant pedagogy and critical race theory,and the pernicious effects of systemic racism and economic inequality on educational opportunities. Her book The Dreamkeepers:Successful Teachers of African-American Children is a significant text in the field of education. Ladson-Billings is Professor Emerita and formerly the Kellner Family Distinguished Professor of Urban Education in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
The scholarship of teaching and learning is often defined as systematic inquiry into student learning which advances the practice of teaching in higher education by making inquiry findings public. Building on this definition,Peter Felten identified 5 principles for good practice in SOTL:(1) inquiry focused on student learning,(2) grounded in context,(3) methodologically sound,(4) conducted in partnership with students,(5) appropriately public.
Lauren B. Resnick is an educational psychologist who has made notable contributions to the cognitive science of learning and instruction. She is a professor of psychology at the University of Pittsburgh,and was previously director of the University's Learning Research and Development Center. In 1986-1987,Resnick was the president of the American Educational Research Association. She received the 1998 E. L. Thorndike Award from the American Psychological Association.
Kathryn Patricia Cross was an American scholar of educational research. Throughout her career,she explored adult education and higher learning,discussing methodology and pedagogy in terms of remediation and advancement in the university system.
Sarah Maxine Greene was an American educational philosopher,author,social activist,and teacher. Described upon her death as "perhaps the most iconic and influential living figure associated with Teachers College,Columbia University",she was a pioneer for women in the field of philosophy of education,often being the sole woman presenter at educational philosophy conferences as well as being the first woman president of the Philosophy of Education Society in 1967. Additionally,she was the first woman to preside over the American Educational Research Association in 1981.
Educational anthropology,or the anthropology of education,is a sub-field of socio-cultural anthropology that focuses on the role that culture has in education,as well as how social processes and cultural relations are shaped by educational settings. To do so,educational anthropologists focus on education and multiculturalism,educational pluralism,culturally relevant pedagogy and native methods of learning and socializing. Educational anthropologists are also interested in the education of marginal and peripheral communities within large nation states. Overall,educational anthropology tends to be considered as an applied field,as the focus of educational anthropology is on improving teaching learning process within classroom settings.
Deborah Loewenberg Ball is an educational researcher noted for her work in mathematics instruction and the mathematical preparation of teachers. From 2017 to 2018 she served as president of the American Educational Research Association. She served as dean of the School of Education at the University of Michigan from 2005 to 2016,and she currently works as William H. Payne Collegiate Professor of education. Ball directs TeachingWorks,a major project at the University of Michigan to redesign the way that teachers are prepared for practice,and to build materials and tools that will serve the field of teacher education broadly. In a sometimes divisive field,Ball has a reputation of being respected by both mathematicians and educators. She is also an extremely well-respected mentor to junior faculty members and graduate students.
Second-language acquisition classroom research is an area of research in second-language acquisition concerned with how people learn languages in educational settings. There is a significant overlap between classroom research and language education. Classroom research is empirical,basing its findings on data and statistics wherever possible. It is also more concerned with what the learners do in the classroom than with what the teacher does. Where language teaching methods may only concentrate on the activities the teacher plans for the class,classroom research concentrates on the effect the things the teacher does has on the students.
Teacher quality assessment commonly includes reviews of qualifications,tests of teacher knowledge,observations of practice,and measurements of student learning gains. Assessments of teacher quality are currently used for policymaking,employment and tenure decisions,teacher evaluations,merit pay awards,and as data to inform the professional growth of teachers.
Christine E. Sleeter is an American professor and educational reformer. She is known as the Professor Emerita in the School of Professional Studies,California State University,Monterey Bay. She has also served as the Vice President of Division K of the American Educational Research Association,and as president of the National Association for Multicultural Education. Her work primarily focuses on multicultural education,preparation of teachers for culturally diverse schools,and anti-racism. She has been honored for her work as the recipient of the American Educational Research Association Social Justice Award,the Division K Teaching and Teacher Education Legacy Award,the CSU Monterey Bay President's Medal,the Chapman University Paulo Freire Education Project Social Justice Award,and the American Educational Research Association Special Interest Group Multicultural and Multiethnic Education Lifetime Achievement Award.
The Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework is an educational model that describes the intersections between technology,pedagogy,and content for the effective integration of technology into teaching. TPACK became popular in the early 2000s.
Carol Diane Lee is an American professor,educational researcher,school director and author. Now retired,Lee was the Edwina S. Tarry Professor of Education and Social Policy,Professor of Learning Sciences,and Professor of African-American Studies at Northwestern University. Her scholarly interests focus on the influences of culture and literacy on education,particularly among students in the African-American community. She chairs the Board of Director of the Betty Shabbazz International Charter School,an institution she helped found.
Alan Henry Schoenfeld is an American mathematics education researcher and designer. He is the Elizabeth and Edward Conner Professor of Education and Affiliated Professor of Mathematics at the University of California,Berkeley.
Okhee Lee is an American education scholar and professor of childhood education.
Tyrone C. Howard is an American educator,academic,and author. He is a professor of Education in the School of Education and Information Studies and the Founder and executive director of the Black Male Institute at the University of California,Los Angeles. He also serves as the Pritzker Family Endowed Chair in Education to Strengthen Children &Families,Faculty Director of UCLA Center for the Transformation of Schools,as well as Director of UCLA Pritzker Center for Strengthening Children &Families.
Annemarie Sullivan Palincsar is a scholar of education known for her research on literacy instruction,reciprocal teaching,and cognitive apprenticeships. Her involvement in the National Academies of Sciences,Engineering,and Medicine Research Council on the Prevention of Reading Difficulty in Young Children,the National Research Council's Panel on Teacher Preparation,and the International Literacy Association's Literacy Research Panel,attests to her dedication to advancing educational research and improving teacher training. Palincsar is the Ann L. Brown Distinguished University Professor Emerita at the Marsal Family School of Education at the University of Michigan.
