Leicester Castle

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Leicester Castle
Leicestershire
Leicester Castle Apr2010.jpg
The Great Hall
Leicestershire UK location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Leicester Castle
Shown within Leicestershire
Coordinates 52°37′56.4″N1°8′28.3″W / 52.632333°N 1.141194°W / 52.632333; -1.141194
TypeNorman
Site information
Open to
the public		everyday
Site history
Built11th century
Built by William the Conqueror
In useLaw court
Official nameLeicester Castle and the Magazine Gateway
Designated26 June 1924
Reference no. 1012147
Leicester Castle
[Interactive fullscreen map]
This is a stopgap mapping solution, while attempts are made to resolve technical difficulties with {{ OSM Location map }}
Map of central Leicester. The dotted line shows the line of the medieval town walls.

Leicester Castle is in the city of the same name in the English county of Leicestershire. The complex is situated in the west of Leicester City Centre, between Saint Nicholas Circle to the north and De Montfort University to the south. A large motte and the Great Hall are the two substantial remains of what was once a large defensive structure. The hall is now encased in a Queen Anne style frontage. The Castle and the Magazine Gateway is a scheduled monument. [1]

Contents

History

Castle Wall - geograph.org.uk - 2682045.jpg
A view of the castle wall
Leicester Castle, February 2018 (14).jpg
The motte in early 2018

Leicester Castle was part of the medieval town defences, built over the Roman town walls. [2] The castle was probably built around 1070 (soon after the Norman Conquest in 1066) [3] under the governorship of Hugh de Grandmesnil. The remains now consist of a mound, along with ruins. Originally the mound was 40 ft (12.2 m) high. [4]

In 1173, Henry II's three eldest sons led a rebellion against him with support from several magnates, including Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester. During the conflict, Henry's forces laid siege to Leicester and burnt most of the town. [5] The castle was then slighted (partially demolished) and parts of the ditches filled. [6] According to historian Sidney Painter, it was one of at least 21 castles demolished on Henry II's instructions. [7]

Kings sometimes stayed at the castle (Edward I in 1300, and Edward II in 1310 and 1311), and John of Gaunt and his second wife Constance of Castile both died here in 1399 and 1394 respectively. [8] [9] Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster, one of the leading captains in the early phases of the Hundred Years' War died at the castle on 23 March 1361. [10]

It became an official royal residence during the reigns of Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI and Edward IV, but by the middle of the 15th century, it was no longer considered suitable [11] and was used mainly as a courthouse; with sessions being held in the Great Hall. [12] Apart from being used for assize courts, the Great Hall was also used for sessions of the Parliament of England most notably the Parliament of Bats in 1426, when the conditions in London were not suitable. [13]

A section of the castle wall, adjacent to the Turret Gateway, has gun loops (holes) that were poked through the medieval wall to use as firing ports by the city's residents when Parliamentarian Leicester was besieged, captured, and ransacked, during the English Civil War by the main Royalist Field army under Charles I and Prince Rupert on 31 May 1645. [14] The third storey of the Turret Gateway (known as 'Prince Rupert's gateway') was destroyed in an election riot in 1832. [15]

In the 1880s, J. M. Barrie visited the assize courts regularly and spent many hours inside as reporter for the Nottingham Journal when the hall was being used as a court house. [16] The castle continued to be used as the venue for assizes and quarter sessions and, after 1972, for hearings of Leicester Crown Court until the Leicester Law Courts in Wellington Street were completed in 1981. [17] [18]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ Historic England. "Leicester Castle and the Magazine Gateway (1012147)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 8 September 2019.
  2. ↑ Creighton, O.H. (2002). Castles and landscapes : power, community and fortification in Medieval England (Pbk. ed.). London: Equinox. p. 143. ISBN   978-1-904768-67-8.
  3. ↑ "A History of Leicester Castle: The First Castle". Leicester City Council. 2013. Archived from the original on 2 July 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
  4. ↑ Fox, Levi (1941–42). "Leicester Castle" (PDF). Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society. 22: 137.
  5. ↑ Purton, Peter F. (2009). A history of the early medieval siege, c. 450-1220. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer. p. 311. ISBN   978-1-84615-803-2.
  6. ↑ Clarke, David T.-D. (1952). "Archaeology in Leicester, 1939–1951: The Castle" (PDF). Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society. 28: 25.
  7. ↑ Painter, Sidney (1935). "English Castles in the Early Middle Ages: Their Number, Location, and Legal Position". Speculum. 10 (3): 322. doi:10.2307/2848384. ISSN   0038-7134. JSTOR   2848384. S2CID   161654111.
  8. ↑ Leland's Itenerary Vol.1 Page 17 The Collegiate Church Newarke Constance daughter of Peter King of Castile, and wife of John of Gaunt, lieth before that High Altar in a tomb of marble with an image [Brass] (Like A Queen) on it
  9. ↑ Charles James Billson, Mediaeval Leicester (Leicester, 1920)
  10. ↑ Fowler, Kenneth (1961). Henry of Grosmont, First Duke of Lancaster, 1310–1361 (PDF) (Thesis). Leeds: University of Leeds. p. 217-218.
  11. ↑ James Thompson (1849). The history of Leicester. Index. J.S. Crossley. pp. 456–.
  12. ↑ Simmons, Jack (1974). Leicester Past and Present: Vol. I. ; Ancient Borough to 1860. London: Eyre Methuen.
  13. ↑ "The Parliament of Bats – 1426". Semper-eadem.tripod.com. Retrieved 24 June 2012.
  14. ↑ "The Naseby Campaign". British Civil War Project. Retrieved 8 September 2019.
  15. ↑ "Turret Gateway: Description of the Ancient Monument". Leicester City Council. 2013. Archived from the original on 22 February 2011. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
  16. ↑ "From royal residence to business school - the fascinating history of Leicester Castle". De Montfort University. 6 May 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2019.
  17. ↑ "The Great Hall". Heritage Gateway. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  18. ↑ Mulcahy, Linda; Rowden, Emma (2019). The Democratic Courthouse: A Modern History of Design, Due Process and Dignity. Taylor and Francis. p. 120. ISBN   978-0429558689. While technically the build was completed in August 1980, Leicester did not open its doors until March 1981.
Leicester Castle
[Interactive fullscreen map]
This is a stopgap mapping solution, while attempts are made to resolve technical difficulties with {{ OSM Location map }}
Leicester Castle and The Newarke precinct, showing the Motte and bailey (green), boundary walls of The Newarke (blue), and the southern side of the town wall (red).
The historic sites include:-
1
Leicester Castle
2
Castle gateway
3
Church of St Mary de Castro
4
Turret gateway
5
Trinity House - former Trinity Hospital
6
Newarke Houses Museum
7
site of Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of the Newarke, now includes DMU heritage centre
8
Magazine Gateway
9
South gates
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