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Tribune was the title of various elected officials in ancient Rome. The two most important were the tribunes of the plebs and the military tribunes. For most of Roman history, a college of ten tribunes of the plebs acted as a check on the authority of the senate and the annual magistrates, holding the power of ius intercessionis to intervene on behalf of the plebeians, and veto unfavourable legislation. There were also military tribunes, who commanded portions of the Roman army, subordinate to higher magistrates, such as the consuls and praetors, promagistrates, and their legates. Various officers within the Roman army were also known as tribunes. The title was also used for several other positions and classes in the course of Roman history.
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References
- ↑ ATINIE, LEGGI, Enciclopedia Italiana (1930) https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/leggi-atinie_%28Enciclopedia-Italiana%29/
- ↑ Livy, XXXIV, 45
- ↑ "Lex Atinia". Free Online Dictionary of Law Terms and Legal Definitions. 22 April 2013.
- ↑ "Definition of Lex Atinia | OpenJurist". openjurist.org.
- ↑ Sandars, Thomas Collett (1917). The Institutes of Justinian (in Latin). The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN 9781584777267.
- ↑ Aulus Gellius. "Attic Nights". 17.7.
- ↑ Epitome Liviana in the fragments of Oxyrhynchos (l. 107, p. 133: de tribunis pl. la[ta est] l[ex] At[inia ])
- ↑ Vishnia, Rachel (1989). "Lex Atinia de tribunis plebis in senatum legendis". Museum Helveticum. 46 (3): 163–176. JSTOR 24817211.
- ↑ Morstein-Marx, Robert (5 February 2004). Mass Oratory and Political Power in the Late Roman Republic. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781139449878.
- ↑ Noctes Atticae, XIV, 8, 2