Libya | Serbia |
---|
Libya and Serbia maintain diplomatic relations established between Angola and SFR Yugoslavia in 1955, following Lybia's independence. Libya has an embassy in Belgrade [1] and Serbia has an embassy in Tripoli. [2]
Muammar Gaddafi built a strong diplomatic relationship with Yugoslavia and then maintained it with Serbia. [3]
One of the more important connections was the arms trade, first between the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and Libya, and then continuing with Serbia after the breakup of Yugoslavia. [4] Several aircraft of the Libyan Jamahiriyan Air Force which were captured or used to defend Gaddafi-loyalists were made by Yugoslav aircraft-manufacturer SOKO in present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina. [5] [6] Muammar Gaddafi maintained strong diplomatic with Serbia after Yugoslavia broke up in 1991-1995. [7] Public opinion in Serbia has been cited to be supportive of the Muammar Gaddafi regime. [8] [9] [10]
On August 25, 2011, Serbia officially recognized the National Transitional Council as the ruling government in Libya. [11] However, the relations with the transitional government were strained from the very beginning of the Libyan Civil War when five Serbs were captured by Anti-Gaddafi rebels under the suspicion that they fought as mercenaries for Muammar Gaddafi. [12] [13] [14] Libya al Youm then reported that more mercenaries had been flown in from Banja Luka. [15] The Serbian Minister of Defence, Dragan Šutanovac, denied reports that Serbian warplanes had bombed anti-Qaddafi protestors. [16]
On 7 November 2015 two Serbian embassy workers in Libya were kidnapped by an unknown group, as reported by theMinistry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia. [17]
The foreign relations of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi (1969–2011) underwent much fluctuation and change. They were marked by severe tension with the West and by other national policies in the Middle East and Africa, including the Libyan government's financial and military support for numerous paramilitary and rebel groups.
Foreign relations of Serbia are formulated and executed by the Government of Serbia through its Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Serbia established diplomatic relations with most world nations – 188 states in total – starting with the United Kingdom (1837) and ending most recently with Guyana (2024). Serbia has friendly relations with following neighboring countries: Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, and Hungary. It maintains colder, more tense relations with Albania and Croatia and to a lesser degree with Bosnia and Herzegovina and Bulgaria due to historic nation-building conflict and differing political ideologies.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Serbia is the ministry in the government of Serbia which is in the charge of maintaining the consular affairs and foreign relations of Serbia. The current minister is Marko Đurić, in office since 26 October 2022.
The diplomatic relations between Israel and Serbia were established on January 31, 1992, when Serbia was part of FR Yugoslavia. Israel has an embassy in Belgrade and Serbia had one in Tel Aviv. Yugoslavia was the second country in Europe to recognize Israel in 1948. The two countries have economic and cultural ties, helped by a sizable community of Jews from the former Yugoslavia in Israel. Serbia agreed to move its embassy to Jerusalem on 4 September 2020 but decided not to after Israeli recognition of Kosovo as a sovereign state, something Serbia disputes.
China-Serbian relations are foreign relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Serbia. Relations have been maintained since SFR Yugoslavia's recognition of PR China on October 1, 1949, while diplomatic relations between the two countries were formally established by the exchange of diplomatic notes between the two Foreign Ministers on January 2, 1955. China has an embassy in Belgrade and also maintains an office in Priština based on consent of the Government of Serbia from November 2006. Serbia has an embassy in Beijing and a consulate-general in Shanghai. In 2017, Serbia and China mutually abolished the requirement of obtaining an entry visa for its citizens. In recent decades, the two countries have held an extremely close relationship.
Italy–Serbia relations are diplomatic relations between Italy and Serbia. The Kingdom of Italy established formal bilateral relations with the Principality of Serbia on 18 January 1879. The strategic partnership between the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Italy was established in Rome on 13 November 2009. Italy is one of the member states of the European Union which strongly support Accession of Serbia to the European Union. Both countries are members of the Central European Initiative, OSCE, Council of Europe and the World Trade Organization.
Serbian–Turkish relations are foreign relations between Serbia and Turkey. Serbia has an embassy in Ankara and a consulate-general in Istanbul. Turkey has an embassy in Belgrade. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). Turkey is a member of NATO, while Serbia is not. Their relationship is strong, but there has been issues with recognition of Kosovo.
Serbia–Syria relations are foreign relations between the Republic of Serbia and the Syrian Arab Republic. Serbia has an embassy in Damascus. Syria has an embassy in Belgrade. Syria is also a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, while Serbia is an observer.
Diplomatic relations between Croatia and Libya were established on March 30, 2000. Croatia has an embassy in Tripoli. Libya has an embassy in Zagreb.
Belarus and Libya established diplomatic relations in 1992. Belarus has an embassy in Tripoli. Libya has an embassy in Minsk.
Indonesia–Libya relations was established on October 17, 1991. Indonesia has an embassy in Tripoli and Libya has an embassy in Jakarta. Both nations are members of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Non-aligned Movement.
North Macedonia–Serbia relations are bilateral relations between the Republic of North Macedonia and the Republic of Serbia. A 2022 poll conducted found that the citizens of North Macedonia consider Serbia to be their friendliest state.
The Palestinian–Serbian relations are bilateral relations between the State of Palestine and the Republic of Serbia. Relations between Serbia and Palestine have been very close and friendly.
North Korea–Serbia relations are the bilateral relations between Serbia and North Korea. The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea had established diplomatic relations on October 30, 1948. Relations had been very close during the time of Josip Broz Tito and Kim Il Sung. Both leaders had taken a neutral stance during the Sino-Soviet split and maintained friendly relations with both the Soviet Union and China. Both Serbia and North Korea are members of the Non-Aligned Movement. Yugoslavia, of which Serbia was a part, was one of the movement's founding members. Both countries closed their embassies in each other's capitals in October and November 2001, respectively, for financial reasons. Nevertheless, they continue to enjoy a close relationship. The Serbian Embassy to North Korea is accredited from Beijing, China, and the North Korean embassy to Serbia is accredited from Bucharest, Romania.
The foreign relations of Libya were largely reset at the end of the Libyan Civil War, with the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi and the Second Libyan Civil War. The current Minister of Foreign Affairs since 15 March 2021 is Najla Mangoush. Although many foreign embassies in Tripoli closed down in 2014 due to the conflict in Libya from 2011 onwards, by the end of 2017 thirty diplomatic missions had reopened in the Libyan capital.
Ethiopia and Serbia maintain diplomatic relations established between Ethiopia and SFR Yugoslavia in 1962. Serbia has an embassy in Adis Abeba. Both Ethiopia and Serbia are majority Eastern Christian nations. Ethiopia is one of Serbia's strongest advocates in Africa when it comes to their position on the recognition of Kosovo.
Kosovo's declaration of independence from Serbia was enacted on Sunday, 17 February 2008 by a unanimous vote of the Assembly of Kosovo without popular referendum. All 11 representatives of the Serb minority boycotted the proceedings. International reaction was mixed, and the world community continues to be divided on the issue of the international recognition of Kosovo. Libya extended official diplomatic recognition to Kosovo on 25 September 2013. Serbian president Aleksandar Vučić announced in 2023 that Libya has withdrawn recognition of Kosovo.
Ivan Mrkić is a Serbian diplomat and the former Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Liberia–Libya relations have historically revolved around the respective policies of Libya and the Republic of Liberia toward external influence in Africa. This history is in large part founded in Liberia's commitments to its original sponsor, the United States, and the pan-African unity ambitions of Libyan despot Muammar Gaddafi. Gaddafi initially welcomed the overthrow of the longstanding Americo-Liberian regime by Samuel Doe but then also supported Charles Taylor in launching a civil war against Doe. Each country maintains an embassy in the other's capital.
Libya–Yugoslavia relations were historical foreign relations between Libya and now split-up Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Two countries established formal diplomatic relations in 1955.