November 1961 –November 1973
Lise Girardin (15 February 1921 –16 October 2010) was a Swiss politician. A member of the Free Democratic Party,she was the first woman to be elected mayor of Geneva and the first woman named to the Council of States. [1] [2]
Lise Girardin was born on 15 February 1921 in Geneva. She graduated from the University of Geneva and became a teacher. In 1960,the Canton of Geneva granted women the right to vote. [3] Girardin,who already held a lower judgeship,ran for and won the 1961 election to the Grand Council of Geneva. In 1968,she was elected mayor,the first woman to hold that post. [2]
After a referendum of 1971,Switzerland granted women's suffrage at the federal level. [4] In the 1971 elections later that year,Girardin was elected to the Council of States while 10 others were elected to the National Council,making them the first women to sit in the Federal Assembly. [5]
Girardin left the Council of States after the 1975 Swiss federal election but remained active in politics. She served one more term as Mayor of Geneva and participated in various referendums. Girardin died on October 16,2010. [6]
Ruth Dreifuss is a Swiss economist,unionist and politician who served as a member of the Federal Council (Switzerland) from 1993 to 2002. She served as Vice President of Switzerland in 1998 and as President of Switzerland in 1999 for the Social Democratic Party.
Women's suffrage is the right of women to vote in elections. At the beginning of the 18th century,some people sought to change voting laws to allow women to vote. Liberal political parties would go on to grant women the right to vote,increasing the number of those parties' potential constituencies. National and international organizations formed to coordinate efforts towards women voting,especially the International Woman Suffrage Alliance.
The Federal Council is the federal cabinet of the Swiss Confederation. Its seven members also serve as the collective head of state and government of Switzerland. Since after World War II,the Federal Council is by convention a permanent grand coalition government composed of representatives of the country's major parties and language regions.
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland,also called the Swiss Socialist Party,is a political party in Switzerland. The SP has had two representatives on the Federal Council since 1960 and received the second-highest number of votes in the 2023 Swiss federal election.
Women's suffrage –the right of women to vote –has been achieved at various times in countries throughout the world. In many nations,women's suffrage was granted before universal suffrage,in which cases women and men from certain socioeconomic classes or races were still unable to vote. Some countries granted suffrage to both sexes at the same time. This timeline lists years when women's suffrage was enacted. Some countries are listed more than once,as the right was extended to more women according to age,land ownership,etc. In many cases,the first voting took place in a subsequent year.
Nelly Wicky-Rosset was a Swiss politician of the Swiss Labour Party and member of the Swiss National Council (1971–1975). Elected shortly after the introduction of women's suffrage,she was one of the first women in the National Council.
Government in Australia is elected by universal suffrage and Australian women participate in all levels of the government of the nation. In 1902,the newly formed Commonwealth of Australia became the first nation on earth to enact equal suffrage,enabling women to both vote and stand for election alongside men Women have been represented in Australian state parliaments since 1921,and in the Federal Parliament since 1943. The first female leader of an Australian State or Territory was elected in 1989,and the first female Prime Minister took office in 2010. In 2019 for the first time,a majority of members of the Australian Senate were women. At the time of its foundation in 1901,and again from 1952 to 2022,Australia has had a female monarch as ceremonial Head of State,while the first female Governor of an Australian State was appointed in 1991,and the first female Governor-General of Australia took office in 2008.
Voting in Switzerland is the process by which Swiss citizens make decisions about governance and elect officials. The history of voting rights in Switzerland mirrors the complexity of the nation itself. The polling stations are opened on Saturdays and Sunday mornings but most people vote by post in advance. At noon on Sunday,voting ends and the results are usually known during the afternoon.
Elections to the Swiss Federal Assembly,the federal parliament of Switzerland,were held on Sunday,21 October 2007. In a few cantons,a second round of the elections to the Council of States was held on 11 November,18 November,and 25 November 2007. For the 48th legislative term of the federal parliament (2007–2011),voters in 26 cantons elected all 200 members of the National Council as well as 43 out of 46 members of the Council of States. The other three members of the Council of States for that term of service were elected at an earlier date.
This local electoral calendar for the year 2011 lists the subnational elections held in 2011 in the de jure and de facto sovereign states. By-elections and sub-national referendums are also included.
This local electoral calendar for the year 2010 lists the subnational elections held in 2010 in the de jure and de facto sovereign states. By-elections and sub-national referendums are also included.
A referendum on the introduction of women's suffrage in national elections was held in Liechtenstein on 1 July 1984. Following the introduction of female suffrage in neighbouring Switzerland at the federal level after a referendum in 1971,Liechtenstein had been the only remaining European country to deny women the right to vote. Referendums had been held in 1968,1971 and 1973,but on each occasion men had rejected its introduction,despite the support of newspapers and both major political parties. Nevertheless,some municipalities had since introduced female suffrage at a local level,starting with Vaduz in 1976,and women had been elected to the local councils of Vaduz and Gamprin in 1983.
Women in Switzerland gained the right to vote in federal elections after a referendum in February 1971. The first federal vote in which women were able to participate was the 31 October 1971 election of the Federal Assembly. However it was not until a 1990 decision by the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland that women gained full voting rights in the final Swiss canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden.
Josephine Johanna "Josi" Meier was a Swiss politician and feminist. She was one of the first women in the Swiss parliament and had been called the "Grand Old Lady" of Swiss politics. She served as a member of the Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland. She was the first woman President of the Swiss Council of States.
Women in Switzerland are women who live in and are from Switzerland. The legal and social role of Swiss women has evolved significantly from the mid-20th century onwards.
Emma Kammacher was a Swiss human rights lawyer,activist and politician. She was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland and served as a member of the Grand Council of Geneva. In 1965 she became the first woman to serve as president of a Swiss cantonal council.
Gabrielle Nanchen is a Swiss politician and author. In 1971,she became one of the first 10 women elected to the National Council of Switzerland,serving in that body until 1979. She was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland. Since leaving office,she has written books on her personal pilgrimages to Santiago de Compostela and Africa.
Women's suffrage in Liechtenstein was introduced on 1 July 1984,after the 1984 Liechtenstein women's suffrage referendum. This was the last nation in Europe to introduce this right.
Margrith Bigler-Eggenberger was a Swiss jurist,university lecturer,judge and a member of the Social Democratic Party (SP). She was elected the first female judge of the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland.
Yvette Jaggi is a Swiss politician. A member of the Social Democratic Party,she served in both the National Council and the Council of States. She was the first woman to be elected as mayor of Lausanne in 1989. From 1998 to 2005,she served as the president of Pro Helvetia. In 2013,Jaggi was made as a Commandeur of the Ordre national du Mérite.
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