List of Chinese surnames taken by the Manchu clans

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Most of the Manchu clans took on their Han surnames after the demise of the Qing dynasty. Several clans took on Han identity as early as in the Ming dynasty period. The surnames were derived from the Chinese meaning of their original clan name, Chinese transliteration of the clan's name, the possessed territories, generation and personal names of the clansmen and also inspired by the surnames taken by related clans and branches. Only the few clans have origins dating back to Jurchen-led Jin dynasty. The majority has their origin dating back to the Ming dynasty or the Qing dynasty. The clans were also formed from the cadet branches of the elder or more prominent ones. Most of the clans had Mongol, Daur, Uighur, Han, Korean or Evenk descent. The following tables contain the list of the surnames taken by the Manchu clans.

Contents

A

ClanSurnamesOriginReferences
Aisin Gioro Jin, Pu, Yu, Ai, Zhao, Xi and otherChinese translation of the clan's name, generation names, Chinese transliteration [1]
Anggang (昂刚氏)An (安), Gang (刚/冈)Chinese transliteration [2] [Note 1] [3]
Acigecair (阿其格查依尔氏)A (阿) [4]
Aihui (瑷珲氏)Ai (艾/爱), Hui (珲) [5] [Note 1]
Aiyi (爱义氏)Ai (爱/艾), Yi (伊), Zhang (张)Chinese transliteration, the names of branches [6] [5]
Aiyos (艾耀施氏)Ai (艾), Shi (施)Chinese transliteration [7] [Note 2]
Akjan (阿克占)Dian (典), Zhan (战), Lei (雷) and otherChinese translation of the clan's name, the names of territories ruled by the clan [Note 3] [8]
Alai (阿赉)Hua (华), Jin (金), Lai (来)Chinese translation of the clan's name, Chinese transliteration [8] [9] [3]
Alar (阿拉尔氏)Shan (山), Ji (吉)The names of territories ruled by the clan [Note 4] [10]
Albaki (阿勒巴齐氏)Ba (巴)Chinese transliteration [11] [Note 5] [Note 2]
Altanemok (阿勒坦鄂谟克氏)Zhang (张)The surnames taken by the related clans [12]
Alte (阿勒特氏)Jin (金), Yuan (元), He (何) and otherChinese translation of the clan's name, the surnames taken by the related clans [12] [13]
Amuharnu (阿穆哈尔努氏)Mu (穆), Hei (黑)Chinese transliteration, Chinese translation of the clan's name [14] [Note 2] [12]
Amnibutas (阿穆尼布塔斯氏)Jin (金)The surnames taken by the related clans [7] [15] [Note 2]
Amuru 阿穆噜氏）Ying (英), Liu (刘), Mu (穆), Yang (杨), Su (苏),Chinese transliteration of the clan's name, generation names [16] [17]
Andara (安达拉氏)Lu (路), An (安)Chinese transliteration, Chinese translation of the clan's name [3]
Angiya (安佳氏)An (安)The initial name of the clan [18] [Note 6]
Aogiya (敖佳氏)Ao (敖) [19] [20] [Note 6]
Aoratosin (敖拉托欣氏)Shan (山)Chinese translation of the clan's name [21] [Note 4]
Arabiancian (阿拉边前氏)Bian (边)Transliteration of clan's name [Note 7]
Arakcou (阿喇克球氏)Jin (金), Qi (奇), Lu (鲁), Ke (柯), A (阿)Chinese transliteration, generation names, the surnames taken by related clans [22] [Note 2] [12]
Arakta (阿拉克塔氏)A (阿), Chang (常), Bai (白), Zhang (张)Chinese transliteration, the names of territories ruled by the clansmen [23] [7] [Note 2] [Note 1]
Arbentcang (阿尔本昌)Lu (鹿), Shan (山)The names of typical actions taken by the clansmen (hunting in the mountains, farming) [24] [Note 1] [Note 7]
Arbu (阿尔布氏)A (阿), Ba (巴), Bu (布)Chinese transliteration [Note 1] [16]
Ardan (阿尔丹氏)A (阿), An (安), Jin (金)Chinese transliteration, Chinese translation of the clan's name [25] [Note 4]
Argi (阿尔吉氏)Jiu (酒)Chinese translation of the clan's name [26]
Ariha (阿礼哈氏)He (何), Li (李)Chinese transliteration [5] [27]
Arla (阿尔拉氏)He (何), La (剌), A (阿), Jin (金)Chinese transliteration, the names taken by related clans [28] [29] [Note 2]
Artas (阿尔塔斯氏)Jin (金)The surnames taken by related clans [12] [Note 2]
Aru (阿噜氏)Lu (鲁), Guo (郭), E (鄂)Chinese transliteration [30] [Note 2] [Note 7]
Arurote (阿噜罗特氏)Jin (金)The surnames taken by the related clans [31]
Arute (阿魯特/阿鲁特)Ke (何), Jin (金), Yuan (元) [7] [Note 2]
Asuke (阿苏克氏)Jin (金) [12] [Note 2]
Asute (阿苏特氏) [7]
Atamu (阿塔穆氏)A (阿), Mu (穆)Chinese transliteration [32]
Aturamo (阿图拉墨氏)Mo (莫/墨) [33]
Aha Gioro (阿哈觉罗氏)Zhao (赵), A (阿)Chinese transliteration, surnames taken by the related clans [34] [35]
Ayan Gioro (阿颜觉罗氏)Zhao (赵), Chang (常)The surnames taken by the related clans, the generation names [36] [35]
Ayantatar (阿颜塔塔尔氏)Yan (严), Er (尔)Chinese transliteration [37] [38]

B

ClanSurnamesOriginReferences
Bagiri (巴济哩氏)Ba (巴), Li (李)Chinese transliteration [15] [7]
Baica (拜察氏)Bai (白/拜), Cha (察) [39]
Baican (拜禅氏)Bai (拜/柏/白) [15] [40] [Note 2]
Baidar (拜达尔氏)Bai (白/拜), Da (达), Su (苏)Chinese transliteration, the name of the territory ruled by the clan [23] [40] [Note 2]
Baidu (拜都氏)Bai (白)Chinese transliteration [41] [42] [Note 2]
Baige (拜格氏)Bai (白/拜), Bo (卜) [43] [Note 2]
Baigin (拜津氏)Bai (拜/白/柏), Jin (晋) [41]
Baigiya (拜佳氏)Bai (拜) [44]
Baigiyara (拜嘉拉氏)Bai (白), Na (那), Ji (吉)Chinese transliteration, Chinese names of the people inhabiting territories ruled by the clan [45] [41]
Baksang (巴克桑)Ba (巴), Sang (桑), Yan (阎)Chinese transliteration [46]
Barda (巴尔达氏)Ba (巴/把), Da (达) [47]
Barhu (巴尔虎氏)Ba (巴), Bai (白), Bo (卜), Guan (冠), Guo (郭), He (何/赫), Hu (胡), Kang (康), Man (满), Ma (马), Han (韩), Che (车), Wu (吴), Tan (谭), Fu (富)Chinese transliteration, the names taken by the branches [Note 8] [48] [Note 2] [Note 9]
Bari (巴哩氏)Bo (博)Chinese transliteration [41]
Barin (巴林氏)Zhan (詹), Ba (巴), Lin (林)Chinese transliteration, generation names of the clansmen [49] [Note 2]
Barla (巴尔拉氏)Ba (巴/把), A (阿), La (剌)Chinese transliteration [41]
Barute (巴鲁特氏)Ba (巴), Bai (白/拜), Su (苏), Li (李)
Basun (巴逊氏)Ba (巴), Bai (白), Sun (孙) [41] [Note 1] [Note 3]
Bayak (巴雅克氏)Ba (巴), Xi (锡), Yan (阎), Chang (常), Huo (霍), Wu (武)Chinese transliteration, the generation names of clansmen, the names of territories [50]
Bayan (巴颜氏)Ba (巴), Li (李), Fu (富), Yu (于), Yan (颜), Bo (博)Chinese transliteration, the meaning of the clan's name, the names of clansmen [51]
Bayara (巴雅拉氏)Bai (白), Fu (富), Ying (英), Zhao (赵)Chinese transliteration, the meaning of the clan's name, the surnames taken by related clans [51] [52]
Bayarki (巴雅尔齐氏)Ba (巴), Qi (齐)Chinese transliteration [53] [41]
Bayingeri (拜英格哩氏)Bai (拜/白), Qiu (秋)Chinese transliteration, the surname taken by the related clans, the meaning of the clan's name [54] [Note 7] [Note 10]
Bayote (巴岳特)Ba (巴), Yue (岳/乐)Chinese transliteration [55]
Bayotu (巴岳图氏)Ba (巴), Yue (岳), Bai (白), Xiao (萧), Gao (高), Yuan (袁)Chinese transliteration, the surnames taken by the related clans, the territories controlled by the clan [41]
Beisu (伯苏氏)Su (苏), Tang (唐), Lu (鹿), Bai (白)Chinese transliteration [15]
Beisut (伯苏特氏)Bai (白), Su (苏), Lu (鹿)Chinese transliteration, surnames taken by the related clans [51]
Bektu (伯克图氏)Bo (卜/博), Du (杜), He (和), Ke (柯), Tu (涂), Si (司) [56] [Note 2]
Biangiya (边佳氏)Bian (卞), Jia (佳)Chinese transliteration [51] [Note 6]
Biaote (表特氏)Biao (表/标), Yang (杨), Du (杜), Ba (巴)Chinese transliteration, surnames taken by the related clans, the names of territories controlled by the clansmen [41] [57] [Note 2]
Bira (必喇氏)Bi (毕/碧), He (何)Chinese transliteration, surnames taken by related clans [51]
Biru (碧鲁氏)Bi (毕), He (何), Yi (异)
Birure (必鲁哷)He (何), Lu (鲁) [58] [41]
Birya (弼尔雅氏)Bi (毕/弼)Chinese transliteration [59]
Bodisi (博第斯氏)Shi (史), Luo (罗), Bo (博) [60] [Note 2]
Bodot (博多特氏)Cha (察), Bo (博), Duo (多), Bai (白)Chinese transliteration, the surnames taken by the related clans, Chinese translation [56] [Note 2]
Boduri (博都哩氏)Hua (花), Fan (范), Bo (博/卜), Bu (布), Yu (余)Chinese transliteration, the names of clansmen [61] [Note 7] [Note 1]
Bogulot (博古罗特氏)Luo (罗), Gu (古), Bai (白), Bao (宝), Xi (锡)Chinese transliteration, Chinese names of the territories [56] [Note 2]
Boheloke (博和罗克氏/博古罗克氏)Lu (鲁), Luo (罗), Gu (古)Chinese transliteration, surnames taken by the related clans [62]
Bohite (博希特氏)Bao (包), Bai (白), Xi (锡)Chinese transliteration [63] [Note 2]
Boholo (博和罗氏)Bo (博), Huo (霍/活), He (何), Luo (罗), Tuo (托), Tao (陶)Chinese transliteration, the surnames taken by the related clans [Note 11] [64]
Bohori (博和哩氏)Bo (博), Pu (蒲), Bao (宝), Dou (窦) [65]
Boljok (博勒卓克氏)Bo (博), Zhuo (卓)Chinese transliteration [66]
Bolot (博罗特氏)Bao (包), Jin (金), Fu (福), Luo (罗), Zheng (郑), Bo (博), Lu (鲁)Chinese transliteration, the alternative names of territories ruled by the clan, the generation names of the clansmen, the names taken by the related clans [67] [Note 2]
Boogi (宝济氏)Bao (宝/保), Xing (邢), Liu (刘)Chinese transliteration, the names of territories, the surnames taken by the related clans [15]
Boogiya 保佳氏)Bao (宝/鲍)Chinese transliteration, the surnames taken by the related clans, the names of clansmen [51]
Borigit (宝里吉特氏)Bao (宝/鲍/包), Bo (博/波), Luo (罗), Qi (奇), Ji (吉), Zhuo (卓) [41] [Note 12] [68]
Borgike (博尔济克氏)Bai (白), Bo (博), Luo (罗), Min (敏), Bu (布)Chinese transliteration, the surnames taken by the related clans [69] [Note 2]
Borgun (博尔衮氏)Bo (博), Qin (秦), Qing (清), Bao (宝/包), Er (尔)Chinese transliteration, the literal meaning of the clan's name, the surnames taken by the related clans [41] [Note 2]
Borjigin (博尔济吉特氏)Bao (鲍), Qi (奇)Chinese transliteration [70]
Borjisi (博尔济斯氏)Bo (博), Ba (巴), Bu (布), Si (斯), Song (松)Chinese transliteration, the name of the territories ruled by the clan [15]
Borke (博尔克氏)Bao (包/宝), Er (尔), Ke (柯), Lu (鲁), Lü (吕), Su (速), Yi (伊/宜), Yue (岳)Chinese transliteration, the name of the progenitor, the generation names [41] [Note 2]
Borsut (博尔齐特氏)Bai (白), Ba (巴), Su (苏), Lu (鹿)Chinese transliteration, the names of the clansmen [71]
Bosoo (博硕氏)Bo (博/波), Wang (王), Tu (图), Da (达), Yu (玉), Bao (宝/包/鲍), Qi (奇), Luo (罗)Chinese transliteration, the names of territories [72] [Note 2]
Budara (布达拉氏)Bu (卜)Chinese transliteration [73]
Bugilgen (布吉尔根氏)Bu (布), Pu (朴) [74]
Bukur (布库尔氏)Bu (布),Bo (博), Ku (库), Da (达), E (鄂)Chinese transliteration, the Chinese name of the descent [75] [Note 4]
Bulamu (布喇穆氏)Bu (布/卜), Bi (比), Cha (察), Huang (黄), Mu (木/穆), Suo (索)Chinese transliteration, the names of the territories ruled by the clansmen [Note 7]
Bulca (布尔察氏)Bu (卜/布/步)Chinese transliteration [41]
Bulendurben (布楞都尔本氏)Bu (布), Wu (乌/吴), Ben (本)Chinese transliteration, name of the nerritory ruled by the clansmen [15]
Bulhaci (布勒哈齐氏)Bu (布/步), Ha (哈), Qi (齐), Ba (把)Chinese transliteration [15]
Bulni (布尔尼氏)Bu (卜/布)Chinese transliteration, name of the progenitor [3]
Bultu (布尔图氏)Bu (布/卜), Guo (郭), He (和/何), Hong (洪)Chinese transliteration, names of the territories ruled by the clansmen [76] [Note 2]
Buni (布尼氏)Bu (布/卜), Yu (于)Chinese transliteration [41]
Burhacit (布尔哈齐特氏)Bu (布/卜), Ge (葛), Sa (撒)Chinese transliteration, names of the clansmen [77] [Note 2]
Burut (布鲁特氏)Bu (布/卜), Pu (蒲), Lu (鲁)Chinese transliteration [15] [Note 13]
Busa (布萨氏)Lin (林), Bu (卜/布), Sa (萨)Chinese transliteration, the surnames taken by the related clans [78] [79]
Busai (布赛氏)Bu (布), Sai (赛), Lan (兰), Liu (柳)Chinese transliteration, the names of territories inhabited by clansmen [80] [Note 2]
Busi (布希氏)Bu (布/步), Pu (蒲)Chinese transliteration, the previous name of the clan (蒲鲜) [51]
Buyamuci (布雅穆齐氏)Bu (布), Yan (阎), Mu (穆)Chinese transliteration, the names of territories inhabited by the clan [79]

C

ClanSurnamesOriginReferences
Cygiya (持佳氏)Chi (池/迟/持), Zhang (张)Chinese transliteration, the initial name of the clan (赤盏氏) [81]
Cagiya (查佳氏)Liu (刘), Cha (查)Chinese transliteration, the initial name of the clan [Note 14] [82]
Cahala (察哈拉氏)Cha (察/查/插), Duo (多), Ha (哈), Zhu (朱), Ping (平), An (安), Yi (伊), He (赫/贺), Ming (明), Jin (金), Xiao (肖), Mei (梅), Wu (吴/武), Yuan (袁)Chinese transliteration, names of the territories ruled by the clansmen, generation names [83]
Caigiya (蔡佳氏)Cai (蔡), Jia (佳)Chinese transliteration [5]
Cala Gioro (察喇觉罗氏)Zhao (赵/兆), Bai (白), Cha (察)Chinese transliteration, the surnames taken by the related clans [84]
Canggiya (常佳氏)Chang (常)Chinese transliteration [85]
Caodan (漕丹氏)Chang (常), Cao (曹/漕)Chinese transliteration, the surnames taken by the related clans, the names of territories ruled by the clansmen [7]
Caogiya (操佳氏)Cao (曹)Chinese transliteration, initial surname of the clan [86]
Caomut (超穆特氏)Chao (巢/超/晁), Chuo (绰), Mu (穆)Chinese transliteration [3]
Cemgun (彻穆衮氏)Shen (沈/申), Che (撤/车), Kun (昆)Chinese transliteration, alternative names of the clan (沈谷) [30] [87]
Cenggiya (程佳氏)Cheng (成/程/承), Rong (荣)Chinese transliteration, initial names of the clans [5]
Cengiya (陈佳氏)Chen (陈) [88]
Cengni (成尼氏)Cheng (承/成/程), Ji (纪)Chinese transliteration, the names of the related clans [89]
Ceyele (彻叶哷氏)Che (车/撤/彻)Chinese transliteration [90]
Ciangiya (钱佳氏)Qian (钱)Initial surname of the clan [5]
Ciaogamuk (乔噶木克氏)Qiao (乔)Chinese transliteration [Note 2] [12]
Ciaogamut (乔噶穆特氏)Qiao (乔), Qi (齐)Chinese transliteration, the surnames taken by the related clans [91] [Note 2]
Ciaogiya (乔佳氏)Qiao (乔)Initial surname of the clan [92]
Cibogio (齐步樵氏)Qi (齐)Chinese transliteration [93] [94] [Note 2]
Cibukinut (齐布齐努特氏) [95] [Note 2]
Cidare (齐达哷氏)Qi (戚/齐) [73]
Cideri (奇德哩氏)Qi (奇/祁/齐) [96]
Cidumu (奇杜穆氏)Qi (奇), Mu (穆), Du (杜) [97]
Cigiya (齐佳氏)Qi (齐/祁)Chinese transliteration, the names of territories ruled by the clansmen [98]
Cikteng (齐克腾氏)Qi (齐)Chinese transliteration [5]
Cilei (奇垒氏)Qi (奇), Lei (雷)Chinese transliteration, the surnames taken by the related clans [99]
Cileng (奇楞氏)Qi (齐/奇)Chinese transliteration, the surnames taken by the related clans, the names of territories ruled by the clansmen [73] [Note 10] [100]
Cilik (齐理克氏)Qi (齐)Chinese transliteration [7]
Cimos (奇墨斯氏)Qi (奇), Mo (莫) [101]
Cimot (齐默特氏)Chen (陈), Mo (默), Qi (齐), Su (苏)Chinese transliteration, the names of the territories ruled by the clansmen, the generation names [102]
Cimuk (齐穆克氏)Qi (齐)Chinese transliteration [103]
Cinggeri (庆格哩氏)Qing (庆) [104]
Ciogiya (秋佳氏)Qiu (秋/邱)Chinese transliteration, the surnames taken by the related clans [105]
Ciošuri (秋舒哩氏)Qiu (秋), Shu (舒)Chinese transliteration [5]
Cirgot (奇尔果特氏)Qi (奇/齐)Chinese transliteration, the surnames taken by the related clans [106]
Ciugiya (屈佳氏)Qu (屈)Initial surname of the clan [107]
Ciuwangiya (全佳氏)Quan (全) [108]
Ciyanghili (强恰哩氏/强奇里氏)Qiang (强)Chinese transliteration [109]
Congira (崇吉拉氏)Cong (丛), Chong (崇), Ji (吉), Bi (毕)Chinese transliteration, the names of territories inhabited by clansmen (Bixin, Yongji) [110]
Cogoru (崇果噜氏)Chong (崇), Lu (鲁)Chinese transliteration, the names of territories inhabited by clansmen (Chong, Cogoru) [111]
Cokcin (绰克秦氏)Chu (初), Ke (克), Cha (察), Qin (秦)Chinese transliteration, the names of territories ruled by clansmen [5]
Colos (绰罗斯氏)Ge (葛), Luo (罗), Ce (策), Tang (唐), Chuo (绰), Liu (刘), Wa (瓦), Wo (斡), Zuo (左), Qi (齐)Chinese transliteration, the generation names, the names of territories ruled by clansmen (Oirat) [112] [Note 2]
Congnile (丛尼勒氏)Cong (丛), Kong (孔)Chinese transliteration, the names of territories ruled by clansmen (Kongnila) [113]
Cuigiya (崔佳氏)Cui (崔)Initial name of the clan (Cui) [114]
Cuijuk (崔珠克氏)Cui (崔), Liu (刘), Chi (赤/迟)Chinese transliteration, alternative names of the clan (赤穆特), names of the related clans, names of the territories inhabited by clansmen [115]
Cuimulu (崔穆鲁氏)Cui (崔)Chinese transliteration [116]
Cukule (楚库勒氏)Chu (楚), Jin (金), Yi (伊)Chinese transliteration,the names of territories [41]

D

ClanSurnamesOriginReferences
Dahuri (达呼哩氏)Da (达), Hu (呼)Chinese transliteration of clan's name, clan's descent [117] [Note 4]
Daibolo (戴卜罗氏)Dai (戴), Bu (卜), Luo (罗)Chinese transliteration [118]
Donggo (董鄂氏)Dong (董), Zhao (赵), He (何), Tang (唐), E (鄂), Cheng (成), Xi (席), Tong (佟), Peng (彭), Qi (齐), Hong (红)Chinese transliteration, surname of the progenitor (Zhao Cai), generation names, surnames taken by collateral clans [119]

E

ClanSurnamesOriginReferences

F

ClanSurnamesOriginReferences

G

ClanSurnamesOriginReferences

H

ClanSurnamesOriginReferences

I

ClanSurnamesOriginReferences

J

ClanSurnamesOriginReferences

K

ClanSurnamesOriginReferences

L

ClanSurnamesOriginReferences

M

ClanSurnamesOriginReferences

N

ClanSurnamesOriginReferences

P

ClanSurnamesOriginReferences

R

ClanSurnamesOriginReferences

S

ClanSurnamesOriginReferences

T

ClanSurnamesOriginReferences
Tatara (他他啦氏)Tang (唐), Tan (譚), Shu (舒), Wu (吴) Song (松).Generation names, names of territories, surnames taken by related clans [120]

U

ClanSurnamesOriginReferences

W

ClanSurnamesOriginReferences

Y

ClanSurnamesOriginReferences

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This is a genealogical tree of the leaders of the Fujiwara clan from 669 to 1871, who were otherwise known as the Tōshi no Chōja.

Hitara, earlier known as Hitan, was a clan of Manchu nobility belonging to the Manchu Plain White Banner. Due to the marriage of Empress Xuan to the Jurchen chieftain Taksi, the clan was called "Old Maiden House". Their ancestral homes were located in the Changbai Mountains, Niyaman Mountains and Dong'e valley, from the beginning of Ming dynasty. After the demise of the Qing dynasty, descendants of this clan changed their surnames to Zhao (赵), Tu (图), Wen (文), Qi (齐/祁), Sun (孙), Zhu (祝), Xi (希/喜/奚), Liu (刘), Xian (线) and other names.

Sakda was a clan of Manchu nobility during Qing dynasty. The clan originally belonged to the Bordered Blue Banner. Later, the family was transferred into the Bordered Yellow Banner. Their ancestral home was located in Sakda valley, later expanded to Warka and Hada by two brothers : Chulu and Lilai. By the founding of Later Jin, the clan had been ruling territories ranging from Changbai Mountains, Ningguta to Amur region. After the demise of last Chinese dynasty, modern day descendants changed their surnames into: Li (里/礼), Cha (查), Ma (麻), Cang (苍) and Luo (骆).

Donggo was a clan of Manchu nobility belonging to the Manchu Plain White Banner, one of the 3 upper banners of Eight Banner system. Several lineages were members of Manchu Plain Red Banner.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boguoduo</span> Prince Zhuangjing of the First Rank

Boguoduo was a member of Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, a grandson of Hong Taiji, the eldest son of the Prince Chengzeyu Shuose and a paternal cousin of the Kangxi Emperor.

Namdulu hala (那木都鲁氏) is one of the clans of Manchu nobility descending from the modern day Ussuriysk area. The clan inhabited the Changbai mountains, Huichun valley, Jihe, Warka and Hada. When Namdulu clan was on the verge of extinction, most of the descendants of Hada Nara clan were adopted into the Hada kin. After the demise of the Qing dynasty, modern day descendants of the Namdulu clan changed their surnames into Na (那), Nan (南), Fu (傅) and Shen (沈)

Aisin Gioro Chong'an was Qing dynasty imperial prince as Chuntai's fourth son and sixth-generation descendant of Daišan, Nurhaci's second son. Chong'an was the third Prince Kang of the First Rank before his peerage was renamed back to "Prince Li of the First Rank" in commemoration of Daishan's contribution to establishment of the Qing dynasty.

The Qing dynasty developed a complicated system of ranks and titles. Princess's consort was granted a title of efu, meaning "imperial charioter". However, the title was not granted to the spouses of clanswoman. An efu retained his title and privileges as long as the princess remained his primary spouse – even after her death. However, if an efu remarried or promoted another consort to be his primary spouse, he lost all rights obtained from his marriage to the princess.

Aisin Gioro Mianqing was Yongrong's fifth son and Qianlong Emperor's grandson. Mianqing was the third in Prince Shen peerage and the second holder of Prince Zhi of the Second Rank title.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yunxi (prince)</span> Prince Shenjing of the Second Rank

Aisin Gioro Yunxi was Kangxi Emperor's 21st surviving son and the first Prince Shen of the Second Rank. Due to his age, Yunxi was not embroiled in the succession war among Kangxi Emperor's sons. Yunxi belonged to the most notable artists of the Qing dynasty.

Sahaliyan, alternatively rendered as Sahalin, was an imperial prince of the Qing dynasty of China. He was the third son of Prince Lilie of the First Rank Daišan and a grandson of Nurhaci. Sahaliyan was posthumously honoured as Prince Ying of the First Rank for the merits during Qing conquest of the Central Plain. The peerage was found extinct after his son, Adali, was executed for treason.

Lolohun was Qing dynasty imperial prince as the first son of Yoto, Daišan's grandson and Nurhaci's great grandson. Lolohun was the second holder of the Prince Keqin of the Second Rank peerage and the sole holder of prince Yanxi of the Second Rank title. After his death, the peerage was renamed to Prince Ping of the Second Rank.

Aisin Gioro Mengguan was Qing dynasty imperial prince as the fifth son of Hooge, Prince Su, Hong Taiji's grandson and a cousin of Kangxi Emperor. Mengguan was the first Prince Wen of the Second Rank since 1657. The peerage was not granted perpetual inheritability which meant that his successors would hold diminished ranks. However, the peerage was abolished because Mengguan's son Yanxin was convicted of collaboration with Yunsi.

References

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Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The clan took chinese surnames during the Qing dynasty
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Clan of Mongol descent
  3. 1 2 Most of the surnames taken during the Ming dynasty
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Clan of Daur descent
  5. ↑ Clan was annihilated because of the treason in 1911
  6. 1 2 3 The clan of Han descent
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Clan of Evenk descent
  8. ↑ Dissolution of the clan in the Ming dynasty
  9. ↑ Clan of Tungusic origin
  10. 1 2 Clan of Nanai descent
  11. ↑ Clan of Sibe descent
  12. ↑ Clan included into Borjike clan in the Jin dynasty
  13. ↑ Clan of Kirghiz descent
  14. ↑ Clan of Xianbei descent
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