A number of ships have been used for Danish marine research and Danish-led expeditions. Some were dedicated research ships and functional in many years, other were bought or chartered for a limited time for one or more dedicated expeditions. These expeditions are typically named after the ship.
Most information has been compiled from Sandbeck (2007), [1] Wolff (1967) [2] and Christiansen (2010). [3] Additional references are listed in the table.
The table does not include research ships that are or were operated independently by Greenland and the Faroe Islands (such as R/V Sanna, M/V Tarajoq and R/V Jákup Sverri), which are self-governing parts of the Kingdom of Denmark.
Ship name | Prior/later names | Ship lifetime | Time as research vessel | Major expeditions | Notable scientists on board | Comments/references |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HDMS Grønland | 1756-91 | 1761 | Danish Arabia Expedition | Peter Forsskål Carsten Niebuhr Fr. Chr. von Haven | [4] | |
HDMS Bellona | 1830-68 | 1840-41 | South America 1840-41 | Henrik Nikolai Krøyer | [5] | |
HDMS Ørnen | 1842-66 | 1846 | Danish West Indies | A.S. Ørsted | Ørsted also used other navy ships while in the Caribbean | |
HDMS Galathea | 1831-89 | 1845-47 | Galathea I | H.J. Rink J.T. Reinhardt | [6] | |
Dijmphna | Linkjöping | 1871-1889 | 1882-83 | Theo H. Holm | ||
HDMS Hauch | 1862-1900 | 1883-86 | C.G.Johannes Petersen | In later years fisheries inspection ship | ||
HDMS Fylla | 1862-1903 | 1884-86 | Fylla expeditions | Eugen Warming Theo H. Holm J.L.K. Rosenvinge | [7] [8] | |
Transportskib No. 3 | 1858-1940 | 1890-1940 | C.G.Johannes Petersen A.C.Johansen | Mobile biological laboratory | ||
Hekla | Scotia | 1872-1916 | 1891-92 | Hekla Expedition | H. Deichmann Nikolaj Hartz | |
HDMS Ingolf | 1876-1926 | 1895-96 | Ingolf Expedition | C. Wesenberg-Lund C.H.Ostenfeld Martin Knudsen William Lundbeck H. Jungersen H.J. Hansen | [7] | |
Antarctic | Cap Nord | 1871-1903 | 1898-1900 | The Carlsberg Foundation East Greenland Expedition | Norwegian/Swedish privately owned | |
Sallingsund | Japetus Steenstrup | 1873-1932 | 1899-1932 | C.G.Johannes Petersen | Owned by the Danish Biological Station | |
Danmark | Sir Colin Campell Magdalena | 1855-1917 | 1906-08 | Danmark Expedition | L. Mylius-Erichsen Alfred Wegener | Former whaler |
Thor | 1899-1929 | 1902-19 | 1st and 2nd Thor Expeditions | J. Schmidt | [9] | |
Tjalfe | 1853-1950 | 1908-1909 | Greenland Fisheries Expeditions | Adolf Jensen | ||
Margrethe | ?-1913 | 1913 | West Indies | J. Schmidt | Wrecked on coral reef on Anegada. [9] | |
Dana I | Carina Guiseppina V | 1919-41 | 1920-21 | 1st and 2nd Dana expeditions | J. Schmidt | Owned by EAC [9] |
Dana II | HMT John Quilliam | 1917-35 | 1921-35 | 3rd Dana expedition | J. Schmidt H.R.G. Spärck | Sunk in collision in the North Sea [10] [9] |
Godthaab | Hvitabjörn | 1898-1984 | 1926-34 | Godthaab Expedition, Three-year Expedition to East Greenland | Lauge Koch Gunnar Seidenfaden | |
Gustav Holm | Fox II | 1893-1959 | 1931-34 | Three-year Expedition to East Greenland | Lauge Koch | |
Biologen | Knøsen | 1932-1974 | 1932-64 | Owned by the Danish Biological Station | ||
Thor | Albertina | 1930-? | 1934-35 | Fate after 1935 unknown | ||
Dana III | Esvagt Dana Gulden Leeuw | 1937–present | 1937-1978 | Sargasso Sea 1966 | Erik Bertelsen | |
Søkongen | Knud, Polar Ægidius | 1919-1972 | Ejnar Mikkelsen Knud Rasmussen | |||
Atlantide | Shenandoah | 1902–present | 1945-46 | Atlantide Expedition | Anton Bruun F.C. Fraser | Owned by sculptor Viggo Jarl |
HDMS Galathea | HMS Leith | 1935-55 | 1950-52 | Galathea II | Anton Bruun Torben Wolff | |
Noona Dan | Havet Seute Deern | 1939–present | 1961-62 | Noona Dan-ekspedition | Finn Salomonsen Lorenz P. Ferdinand | |
Dana IV | 1980–present | 1980–present | Danish eel expedition [11] | Owned by the Technical University of Denmark | ||
HDMS Vædderen | 1990–present | 2006-2007 | Galathea III | Fisheries inspection and coast guard vessel | ||
Aurora | 2014–present | 2014–present | Owned by Aarhus University [12] |
Overview of ships which serve or has served as Danish research ships. Also indicated are ships purchased specifically for major Danish funded expeditions.
In other service | |
Royal Danish Navy | |
Active as research ship | |
Expedition |
Martin Hans Christian Knudsen was a Danish physicist who taught and conducted research at the Technical University of Denmark.
Hulsig railway station is a railway station located in the village of Hulsig south of Skagen in Vendsyssel, Denmark. The station serves the village of Hulsig as well as the nearby seaside resort of Kandestederne.
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The Marine Regiment was the naval infantry of the Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy, and later an infantry regiment, established in 1672 by Christian IV and based at Glückstadt Naval Station.
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The Shenandoah is a three-masted schooner with a steel hull, built in New York in 1902 as a private yacht for the American financier Gibson Fahnestock. She has had a series of private owners since, and is available today for charter.
HDMS Bellona was a frigate of the Royal Danish Navy, which she served from 1835 to 1862.
Dana was a Danish research vessel, best known for the circumnavigation of the world in the third Dana expedition 1928–1930. It sank in 1935 after a fishing vessel collided with it in fog.
Dana was the primary Danish research vessel for almost 40 years. It was built in 1937 and served research purposes until 1980. On the first cruise into the North Atlantic in 1938 it was discovered that the ship was unsuited for its purpose, as it was not sufficiently stable to allow scientific work. It was returned to the shipyard and extended by 8 metres (26 ft) in 1939. During the Second World War (1940-1945) the ship was kept and maintained in Copenhagen harbour, but with vital engine parts removed and thus never seized by the German occupation force.
HDMS Galathea was a three-masted corvette of the Royal Danish Navy, constructed at Gammelholm to designs by Andreas Shifter in 1831. She is above all remembered for being the ship that undertook the First Galathea Expedition, 1845–1847. On two occasions, first in 1833 and later in 1839, Galathea was also instrumental in picking some of Bertel Thorvaldsen's artworks up in Rome and bringing them back to Denmark.
The bark Danmark is best known for her role as expedition ship for the Danmark expedition (1906–08), so named after the ship, but had a long prehistory as a whaler under the name Sir Colin Campbell of Peterhead and later as a sealer named Magdalena of Tønsberg/Kristiana.
HDMS Hauch was a Danish gunboat, launched in 1862 and under command the following year. It was named after the naval officer Jens Erik Hauch, who died during the Battle of Copenhagen, while bravely defending the decommissioned frigate Kronborg against three Royal Navy ships of the line. Hauch can be viewed as a scaled-down version of the preceding six gunboats of the Thura class. Hauch was built entirely in iron and the smaller size meant that it could only accommodate a single cannon. The 30 lb smoothbore cannon was not very accurate and was replaced by a smaller, but rifled 18 lb cannon in 1864. Towards the end of her career the armament consisted of two small smoothbore cannons (falconets), used for warning shots during fisheries inspection duties. The steam engine was reused from the scrapped gunboat Støren. This engine lasted until 1886, when it was replaced by a new Burmeister & Wain 200 HP steam engine.
HDMS Ørnen was a brig build in 1842 for the Royal Danish Navy. Ørnen played important roles during the last years Denmark maintained the African colony Danish Guinea, and in the events leading up to the emancipation of the slaves on the Danish West Indies in 1849.
HDMS Grønland (Greenland) was a ship of the line of the Dano-Norwegian Navy, built in 1756 and decommissioned in 1791. Grønland spent considerable time in the Mediterranean Sea, where she protected Danish merchant convoys. Grønland took part in the bombardment of Algiers in 1770 but otherwise did not see any action in battle. It is noted in the Danish Admiralty's papers that she was an unusually seaworthy ship.
Dijmphna was as schooner-rigged steamship, built in 1871 in Sweden and named Linköping. During her first years Linköping sailed as a merchant in the North Sea and the Baltic but was sold in 1882 to the wealthy coffee trader and businessman Antoine Cyrille Frederik Gamél in Copenhagen. The ship was renamed Dijmphna in memory of Gamèl's mother, Maria Dijmphna Verves, reinforced for sailing in ice and equipped as polar expedition vessel, all paid for by Gamèl.
HDMS Ingolf was a Danish schooner-rigged steam gunboat build in iron and launched in 1876. Ingolf marks a transition between the traditional gunships with muzzle-loading cannons placed along the sides of the ship and modern breechloading and turning guns placed in the centerline of the ship. The guns on Ingolf were breechloading guns from Krupp in Germany. The steam engine was British and could deliver 650 HP. The propeller could be hoisted up into a well on the underside of the ship, so as not to slow down the ship when she went for sails. Ingolf undertook a large number of voyages, often in the North Atlantic in summer and the Danish West Indies in winter. From 1897 Ingolf also served as training ship for non-commissioned officers and cadets. During World War I Ingolf was part of the Danish alerted fleet. The last voyage as a training ship was in 1922 and went to the Mediterranean. Decommissioned in 1926 and sold for scrap.
Seute Deern is a wooden, gaff-rigged ketch built as the cargo ship Havet in Svendborg, Denmark in 1939 for Captain Karl Lorenzen. Sold in 1956 to J. Lauritzen and renamed Noona Dan. Noona Dan circumnavigated the world in 1961/1962 on the Danish research cruise known as the Noona Dan expedition to the Western Pacific Ocean. After the expedition the ship was sold to Germany as a training ship, first owned and operated by Deutsche Schulschiff-Verein and 1973 by the German Clipper association. She continues to sail with young people on training cruises in the Baltic Sea. In winter the ship is moored at Hamburg-Harburg.
S/S Godthaab was built in 1897–98 at C. Christensen ship yard, Sandefjord, Norway, for the Royal Greenland Trading Department and was the company's first steam ship. The main task for the ship was sailing on the east Greenland settlement Angmassalik and was built for that purpose with a 240 HP compound steam engine from Åkers Mechanical Workshop and reinforced hull.
Eagle was a paddle-wheel steamer, built in England in 1821. The ship was bought by the Royal Danish Navy in 1824 and became its first steamship. It was bought as a personal transport for the Royal Family of Denmark and got the name Kiel. Rebuilt as a two-masted schooner in 1853 and eventually broken up in 1897.