List of North Carolina militia units in the American Revolution

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MG Richard Caswell, New Bern District Brigade and North Carolina Militia commander Richard Caswell (governor).jpg
MG Richard Caswell, New Bern District Brigade and North Carolina Militia commander
MG William Smallwood, 2nd North Carolina Militia commander General William Smallwood SC-000580.jpg
MG William Smallwood, 2nd North Carolina Militia commander
BG Allen Jones, Halifax District Brigade commander Allen Jones.jpg
BG Allen Jones, Halifax District Brigade commander
Col William Richardson Davie, Independent Corps of Light Horse commander William Richardson Davie - Charles Willson Peale (full portrait) (frame cropped).jpg
Col William Richardson Davie, Independent Corps of Light Horse commander
Col Robert Howe, Brunswick County Regiment commander MajGenRobertHoweOval.jpg
Col Robert Howe, Brunswick County Regiment commander
Col James Kenan, Duplin County Regiment commander James Kenan.jpg
Col James Kenan, Duplin County Regiment commander
Col John Sevier, 3rd commander of the Washington County Regiment John Sevier.jpg
Col John Sevier, 3rd commander of the Washington County Regiment
Col Isaac Shelby, Sullivan County Regiment commander Isaac shelby.jpg
Col Isaac Shelby, Sullivan County Regiment commander
LTC William Polk, Polk's Regiment of Light Dragoons commander WilliamPolkColonel.jpg
LTC William Polk, Polk's Regiment of Light Dragoons commander
LTC Richard Dobbs Spaight of the Craven County Regiment NCG-RichardSpaight.jpg
LTC Richard Dobbs Spaight of the Craven County Regiment
LTC Joseph Winston of the Surry County Regiment Col. Joseph Winston.jpeg
LTC Joseph Winston of the Surry County Regiment
Maj Joseph Graham of the Lincoln County Regiment General Joseph Graham.jpg
Maj Joseph Graham of the Lincoln County Regiment
CPT Richard Henderson of the Granville County Regiment Richard-henderson-judge.jpg
CPT Richard Henderson of the Granville County Regiment

The North Carolina militia units were first established in 1775 by the Third North Carolina Provincial Congress on the eve of the American Revolution. Initially, the militia units were centered on the 35 counties that then existed in the Province of North Carolina. The units fought against the British, Loyalists, and Cherokee Native Americans that aligned themselves with British forces. The units included military district brigades established in 1776, county regiments, four battalions, and one independent corps of light horse. Four regiments were located in counties that became part of the Southwest Territory in 1790 and later Tennessee in 1796. The size of brigades could be up to a few thousand volunteers. Brigades were commanded by a brigadier general. Regiments were commanded by a colonel and made up of a number of companies commanded by captains with about 50 men in each company. During engagements, one or more companies of regiments may have been involved in actions and commanded by the regimental or brigade commander. In 1778, Major General John Ashe was selected to command all North Carolina militia and State Troops. Brigade commanders reported to him. Separate from the North Carolina militia, the state provided 10 numbered regiments to the Continental Army that were referred to as the North Carolina Line. [2] [1]

Contents

Background

In August 1775, the Third North Carolina Provincial Congress of North Carolina delegates appointed Cornelius Harnett the head of the Council of Safety which oversaw resistance to British rule. They also divided the colony into six military districts for the purpose of organizing militia and arranging representation in the executive body of the Council of Safety. At the county level, there were Committees of Safety, including the Rowan, Anson, Mecklenburg, Surry, and Tryon counties. Many members of these committees of safety became the officers of the regiments of militia. [3] [4] [5]

The North Carolina Provincial Congress authorized 35 existing county militias to be organized on September 9, 1775. Some counties had already established their militias earlier than 1775. The Rowan County regiment was split on October 22, 1775 into two distinct regiment, the 1st Rowan County Regiment and the 2nd Rowan County Regiment. On December 22 that same year, the North Carolina Provincial Council split the Pasquotank County Regiment into two separate and distinct regiments, the 1st and 2nd Pasquotank County regiments. The two additional regiments brought the total number of county regiments to 37 by the end of 1775. [1]

Units

The following are the North Carolina militia brigades and regiments with their subordination, along with the dates established and disestablished, as well as the original commander when the unit was established by the Provincial Congress. Many counties started mustering and training militia before the Provincial Congress got around to it, as early as October 1774 (Johnson County Regiment). Regiments were subordinated to named brigades after brigades were established in 1776. Brigades were headed by a brigadier general and subordinate to the state militia headed by a major general officer, who reported to the Governor of North Carolina. As new counties were created by the legislature, new regiments were created and some were disbanded. At the time of the Battle of Kings Mountain in October 1780, there were 50 counties and 51 regiments of militia. Many regiments had two colonels. Soldiers and officers from these units were engaged in battles and skirmishes, primarily in North Carolina and South Carolina, but a few engagements were in Georgia, Virginia, and East Florida. As militia units, the soldiers did not serve full-time and returned home between engagements, musters, and drills. [1] [6]

North Carolina militia units in the American Revolution
UnitSubordinationEstablishedDisbandedOriginal Commander, RankRefs
North Carolina Militia and State Troops Command Governor of North Carolina 17781783 MG John Ashe, Sr. [7] [8]
Edenton District Brigade North Carolina Militia Command17761783 BG Edward Vail [9] [10]
1st Regiment of North Carolina militia Edenton District Brigade17801780 Col Samuel Jarvis [11]
2nd Regiment of North Carolina militia Edenton District Brigade17801780 Col Benjamin Exum [12] [13]
Bertie County Regiment Edenton District Brigade17751783 Col Thomas Witmell [14]
Camden County Regiment Edenton District Brigade17771783 Col Isaac Gregory [15] [16]
Chowan County Regiment Edenton District Brigade17751783 Col Thomas Bonner [17]
Currituck County Regiment Edenton District Brigade17751783 Col Samuel Jarvis [18]
Gates County Regiment Edenton District Brigade17791783 Col Lawrence Baker [19] [20]
Hertford County Regiment Edenton District Brigade17751783 Col Benjamin Wynns [21] [22]
Martin County Regiment Edenton District Brigade, Halifax District Brigade [note 3] 17751783 Col William Williams [23]
1st Pasquotank County Regiment Edenton District Brigade17751783 Col John Lowery [24]
2nd Pasquotank County Regiment Edenton District Brigade17751777 Col Isaac Gregory [25] [16]
Perquimans County Regiment Edenton District Brigade17751783 Col Miles Harvey [26] [27]
Tyrrell County Regiment Edenton District Brigade17751783 Col Edward Buncombe [28] [29]
Halifax District Brigade North Carolina Militia Command17761783 BG Allen Jones [30] [31]
1st Battalion of Volunteers Halifax District Brigade17761777 Col Abraham Sheppard, Sr [32] [33]
2nd Battalion of Volunteers Halifax District Brigade17761777 Col Francis Locke [34] [35]
Bute County Regiment Halifax District Brigade17751779 Col William Person [36] [37] [38] [39]
Edgecombe County Regiment Halifax District Brigade17751783 Col William Haywood [40] [41]
Franklin County Regiment Halifax District Brigade17791783 Col Benjamin Seawell [42] [43]
Halifax County Regiment Halifax District Brigade17751783 Col John Bradford [44] [45]
Nash County Regiment Halifax District Brigade17771783 Col James Clinch [46]
Northampton County Regiment Halifax District Brigade17751783 Col Allen Jones [47] [48]
Warren County Regiment Halifax District Brigade17791783 Col Thomas Eaton [49] [50]
Hillsborough District Brigade North Carolina Militia Command17761783 BG Thomas Person [51] [52]
Caswell County Regiment Hillsborough District Brigade17771783 Col James Saunders [53] [52] [54] [55]
Chatham County Regiment Hillsborough District Brigade17751783 Col Ambrose Ramsey [56] [57]
Granville County Regiment Hillsborough District Brigade17751783 Col Joseph Taylor [58]
Mounted Volunteers Regiment Hillsborough District Brigade17801780 Col Philip Taylor [58]
Northern Orange County Regiment [note 4] Hillsborough District Brigade17761777 Col James Saunders [53] [52] [55]
Orange County Regiment [note 5] Hillsborough District Brigade17751783 Col John Hogan [59]
Randolph County Regiment Hillsborough District Brigade17791783 Col Andrew Balfour [60] [61]
Wake County Regiment Hillsborough District Brigade17751783 Col John Hinton [62] [63]
New Bern District Brigade North Carolina Militia Command17761783 BG Richard Caswell [64] [65] [5]
Beaufort County Regiment New Bern District Brigade17751783 Col James Bonner [66]
Carteret County Regiment New Bern District Brigade17751783 Col William Thompson [67] [68] [69]
Craven County Regiment New Bern District Brigade17751783 Col Joseph Leech [70] [71]
Dobbs County Regiment New Bern District Brigade17751783 Col Abraham Sheppard [72] [33]
Hyde County Regiment New Bern District Brigade17751783 Col Rotheas Latham [73] [74]
Johnston County Regiment New Bern District Brigade17751783 Col Needham Bryan [75] [76]
Jones County Regiment New Bern District Brigade17791783 Col John Bryan [77]
Pitt County Regiment New Bern District Brigade17751783 Col John Simpson [78] [79]
Wayne County Regiment New Bern District Brigade17791783 Col Benjamin Exum [note 6] [80] [13] [81]
Morgan District Brigade North Carolina Militia Command17821783 BG Charles McDowell [82] [83]
Davidson County Regiment [note 7] Morgan District Brigade17831783 Col Anthony Bledsoe [86] [87]
Greene County Regiment [note 7] Morgan District Brigade17831783 Col Joseph Harden [88]
Salisbury District Brigade North Carolina Militia Command17761783 BG Griffith Rutherford [89] [90] [91] [92]
Anson County Regiment Salisbury District Brigade17751783 Col Samuel Spencer [93] [94]
Burke County Regiment Salisbury District Brigade, Morgan District Brigade [note 8] 17771782 Lieutenant Colonel (LTC) William Armstrong [95] [96]
Guilford County Regiment Salisbury District Brigade17751783 Col Ransom Sutherland [97] [98] [99]
Lincoln County Regiment Salisbury District Brigade, Morgan District Brigade [note 8] 17791783 Col William Graham [100] [101] [102]
1st Mecklenburg County Regiment Salisbury District Brigade17751783 Col Thomas Polk [103] [104] [105] [106]
2nd Mecklenburg County Regiment Salisbury District Brigade17791780 Col Caleb Phifer [103] [104] [105] [106]
Polk's Regiment of Light Dragoons Mecklenburg County Regiment,
State Troops Command (1781)		17801781 LTC William Polk, William [107] [108]
Independent Corps of Light Horse Independent [note 9] 17801780 Maj William Richardson Davie [109] [110]
Montgomery County Regiment Salisbury District Brigade17791783 Col John Little [111]
Richmond County Regiment Salisbury District Brigade17791783 Colonel Henry William Harrington [note 10] [112]
Rowan County Regiment Salisbury District Brigade17751783 Col Griffith Rutherford [note 11] [113] [114] [115] [92]
2nd Rowan County Regiment Salisbury District Brigade17751777 Col Adlai Osborne [95] [116]
2nd Rowan County Regiment Salisbury District Brigade17821783 Col James Brandon [95]
Rutherford County Regiment Salisbury District Brigade, Morgan District Brigade [note 8] 17791783 Col Andrew Hampton [117]
Sullivan County Regiment [note 7] Salisbury District Brigade, Morgan District Brigade [note 8] 17791783 Col Isaac Shelby [118] [119] [120]
Surry County Regiment Salisbury District Brigade17751783 Col Martin Armstrong [121] [122]
Tryon County Regiment Salisbury District Brigade17751779 Col William Graham [123] [124] [105]
Washington District Regiment [note 12] Salisbury District Brigade17761777 Col John Carter [125] [101] [126]
Washington County Regiment [note 13] Salisbury District Brigade, Morgan District Brigade [note 8] 17771783 Col Evan Shelby [125] [101] [127]
Wilkes County Regiment Salisbury District Brigade, Morgan District Brigade [note 8] 17771783 Col Benjamin Cleveland [128] [129]
Wilmington District Brigade North Carolina Militia Command17761783 BG John Ashe, Sr. [130] [131]
1st Battalion of Militia Wilmington District Brigade17761776 Col Thomas Brown [132]
2nd Battalion of Militia Wilmington District Brigade17761776 Colonel Peter Dozier [note 14] [133] [134]
Bladen County Regiment Wilmington District Brigade17751783 Col Thomas Robeson, Jr. [135] [136]
Brunswick County Regiment Wilmington District Brigade17751783 Col Robert Howe [137] [138]
Cumberland County Regiment Wilmington District Brigade17751783 Col Thomas Rutherford [139]
Duplin County Regiment Wilmington District Brigade17751783 Col James Kenan [140] [141] [142]
New Hanover County Regiment Wilmington District Brigade17751783 Col James Moore [143] [144] [145]
Onslow County Regiment Wilmington District Brigade17751783 Col William Cray [146] [147]
Overmountain Men [note 15] Salisbury District Brigade, Morgan District Brigade17761783 Col Isaac Shelby [note 16] [5] [149]

Notes

  1. ↑ General Richard Caswell was the commander of the New Bern District Brigade, as well as 2nd and 4th North Carolina Militia commander. [1]
  2. ↑ MG Smallwood was a Continental Army officer from Maryland. He briefly commanded the North Carolina militia in 1780 and early 1781. He was unpopular and was replaced by MG Richard Caswell. [1]
  3. ↑ The Martin County Regiment was transferred from the Edenton District Brigade to the Halifax District Brigade of militia in December 1777. [23]
  4. ↑ The Northern Orange County Regiment was renamed the Caswell County Regiment in 1777 [53]
  5. ↑ The Orange County Regiment was renamed the Southern Orange County Regiment in 1776 and then back to Orange County Regiment in 1777 [59]
  6. ↑ The Wayne County Regiment had a second Colonel, John Sheppard, Sr., who served with Colonel Exum. [13] [80]
  7. 1 2 3 Davidson, Greene, Sullivan, and Washington counties became part of the Southwest Territory in 1790 and part of Tennessee in 1796. [84] [85]
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Burke, Lincoln, Rutherford, Sullivan, Washington, and Wilkes County Regiments were transferred to the newly-created Morgan District Brigade of Militia in May 1782. [82]
  9. ↑ The Independent Corps of Light Horse was made up of men mainly from the Mecklenburg County Regiment but also included one company from Caswell County and two companies from Rowan County. [109]
  10. ↑ The Richmond County Regiment had two other colonels: Colonel Charles Medlock (1779–1783, commander); Colonel Thomas Crawford (1780–1783, 2nd colonel) [112]
  11. ↑ Prior to 1775, the colonial Rowan County Regiment was commanded by Colonel Alexander Osborne, father of Adlai Osborne [113]
  12. ↑ The Washington District Regiment was renamed as the Washington County Regiment on December 18, 1777. [125]
  13. ↑ After the war, Washington County, North Carolina became part of the Southwest Territory in 1790. In 1779, Sullivan County was created by North Carolina from part of Washington County. In 1783, Green County was created by North Carolina out of Washington County. When Tennessee was admitted to the United States in 1796, Washington County became Washington County, Tennessee. This county should not be confused with a separate location, Washington County, North Carolina created in 1799 from Tyrrell County. [85]
  14. ↑ Colonel Philemon Hawkins, Jr. was selected but declined to serve. Colonel Peter Dozier was selected in 1776. [133]
  15. ↑ The term Overmountain Men was not used at the time of the American Revolution. The term was fabricated in the 1830s to describe the Tennessee men without using the word Tennesseans or western North Carolina men. It is included here for completeness. Using the term Overmountain Men was one way of referring to the regiments in what would become Tennessee, i.e. Washington County Regiment, Sullivan County Regiment, Greene County Regiment, and Davidson County Regiment. [6]
  16. ↑ Isaac Shelby was one of the most senior colonels of regiments in the Appalachians, so when he came east he was referred to as the de facto leader of all troops from western North Carolina. [148]

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References

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Bibliography

Despite a requirement by the early government of North Carolina to keep muster roles of the militia, very few of these have survived. However, efforts of both amateur and professional historians, such as William S. Powell, William T. Graves, and J.D. Lewis, the composition and history of the North Carolina militia has been reconstructed from thousands of individual records and compiled in reference works such as those listed below.

See also

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