In chronological order, the names, signs, colors etc. of the 24 Tirthankaras. [1] [2] [3] [4]
S.No. | Tirthankara | Image | Heaven before birth | Birthplace; Consecration | Parents | Complexion | Symbol | Height | Number of Years Lived | Tree | Attendant spirits | Male disciple; Female disciple | Place of Nirvana | Birth |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Rishabhanatha | Sarvarthasiddha | Ayodhya; Kailash | Nabhi by Marudevi | Golden | Bull | 1500 meters | 592.704 quintillion years | Vata (Ficus benghalensis) | Gomukha and Chakreshvari | Pundarika; Brahmi | Kailash | 10224 years ago | |
2 | Ajitanatha | Vijayavimana | Ayodhya; Shikharji | Jitashatru by Vijaya | Golden | Elephant | 1,350 meters | 508.032 quintillion years | Shala (Shorea robusta) | Mahayaksha and Ajitabala; or Rohini | Simhasena; Phalgu | Shikharji | 5 x 10223 years ago | |
3 | Sambhavanatha | Uvarimagraiveka | Shravasti Shikharji | Jitari by Sena | Golden | Horse | 1200 meters | 423.360 quintillion years | Prayala (Buchanania cochinchinensis) | Trimukha and Duritari; or Prajnapti | Charu; Shyama | Shikharji | 2 x 10223 years ago | |
4 | Abhinandananatha | Jayantavimana | Ayodhya; Shikharji | Samvara by Siddhartha | Golden | Monkey | 1050 meters | 352.800 quintillion years | Priyangu ( Setaria italica , sometimes known as Panicum italicum) | Nayaka and Kalika; or Yaksheshvara and Vajrashrinkhala | Vajranabha; Ajita | Shikharji | 10223 years ago | |
5 | Sumatinatha | Jayantavimana | Ayodhya; Shikharji | Megharatha by Mangala | Golden | Goose | 900 meters | 282.240 quintillion years | Shala (Shorea robusta) | Tumburu and Mahakali; or Purushadatta | Charama; Kashyapi | Shikharji | 10222 years ago | |
6 | Padmaprabha | Uvarimagraiveka | Kaushambi; Shikharji | Shridhara by Susima | Red | Lotus | 750 meters | 211.680 quintillion years | Chhatra | Kusuma and Shyama; or Manovega or Manogupti | Pradyotana; Rati | Shikharji | 10221 years ago | |
7 | Suparshvanatha | Madhyamagraiveka | Varanasi; Shikharji | Supratishtha by Prithvi | Golden | Swastika | 600 meters | 141.120 quintillion years | Shirisha (Albizia lebbeck) | Matanga and Shanta; or Varanandi and Kali | Vidarbha; Soma | Shikharji | 10220 years ago | |
8 | Chandraprabha | Vijayantadevaloka | Chandrawati or Chandrapura; Sammed Shikharji | Mahasena by Lakshmana | White | Crescent Moon | 450 meters | 70.560 quintillion years | Naga | Vijaya and Bhrikuti; or Shyama or Vijaya and Jvalamalini | Dinna; Sumana | Shikharji | 10219 years ago | |
9 | Pushpadanta/Suvidhinatha | Anatadevaloka | Kakandi; Shikharji | Sugriva by Rama | White | Crocodile | 300 meters | 14.112 quintillion years | Shala (Shorea robusta) | Ajita and Sutaraka; or Mahakali | Varahaka; Varuni | Shikharji | 10218 years ago | |
10 | Shitalanatha | Achyutadevaloka | Bhaddilapura; Shikharji | Dridharatha by Nanda | Golden | Kalpavriksha | 270 meters | 7.056 quintillion years | Priyangu ( Setaria italica , a.k.a.Panicum italicum) | Brahma and Ashoka; or Manavi | Nanda; Suyasha | Shikharji | 10217 years ago | |
11 | Shreyansanatha | Achyutadevaloka | Simhapuri; Shikharji | Vishnuraja by Vishnu | Golden | Rhinoceros | 240 meters | 8.4 million years | Tanduka | Yaksheta and Manavi; or Ishvara and Gauri | Kashyapa; Dharani | Shikharji | 10212 years ago | |
12 | Vasupujya | Pranatadevaloka | Champapuri; Champapuri | Vasupujya by Jaya | Red | Buffalo | 210 meters | 7.2 million years | Patala (Bignonia suaveolens) | Kumara and Chandra; or Gandhari | Subhuma; Dharani | Champapuri | 4 x 10211 years ago | |
13 | Vimalanatha | Mahasaradevaloka | Kampilyapura; Shikharji | Kritavarma by Shyama | Golden | Boar | 180 meters | 6 million years | Jambu (Eugenia jambolana) | Shanmukha and Vidita; or Vairoti) | Mandara; Dhara | Shikharji | 1.6 x 10211 years ago | |
14 | Anantanatha | Pranatadevaloka | Ayodhya; Shikharji | Simhasena by Suyasha | Golden | Porcupine | 150 meters | 3 million years | Ashoka (Saraca asoca) | Patala and Ankusha; or Anantamati | Yasha; Padma | Shikharji | 7 x 10210 years ago | |
15 | Dharmanatha | Vijayavimana | Ratnapuri; Shikharji | Bhanu by Suvrata | Golden | Vajra | 135 meters | 2.5 million years | Dadhiparna (Clitoria ternatea) | Kinnara and Kandarpa; or Manasi | Arishta; Arthashiva | Sammed Shikharji | 3 x 10210 years ago | |
16 | Shantinatha | Sarvarthasiddha | Gajapura or Hastinapuri; Shikharji | Vishvasena by Achira | Golden | Deer | 120 meters | 700,000 years | Nandi (Cedrela toona) | Garuda and Nirvani; or Kimpurusha and Mahamanasi | Chakrayuddha; Shuchi | Shikharji | 10194 years ago | |
17 | Kunthunatha | Sarvarthasiddha | Gajapura or Hastinapuri; Shikharji | Suraraja by Shridevi | Golden | Goat | 105 meters | 95,000 years | Vata (Ficus benghalensis) | Gandharva and Bala; or Vijaya | Samba; Damini | Sammed Shikharji | 10194 years ago | |
18 | Aranatha | Sarvarthasiddha | Gajapura or Hastinapuri; Shikharji | Sudarshana by Devi | Golden | Fish | 90 meters | 84,000 years | Amba (Mangifera indica) | Yaksheta and Dhana; or Kendra and Ajita | Kumbha; Rakshita | Shikharji | 16,585,000 BCE | |
19 | Mallinatha | Jayantadevaloka | Mithila; Shikharji | Kumbharaja by Prabhavati | Blue | Kalasha | 75 meters | 56,000 years | Ashoka (Saraca asoca) | Kubera and Dharanapriya; or Aparajita | Abhikshaka; Bandhumati | Shikharji | 6,584,980 BCE | |
20 | Munisuvrata | Aparajitadevaloka | Rajagriha; Shikharji | Sumitraraja by Padmavati | Black | Tortoise | 60 meters | 30,000 years | Champaka (Magnolia champaca) | Varuna and Naradatta; or Bahurupini | Malli; Pushpavati | Shikharji | 1,184,980 BCE | |
21 | Naminatha | Pranatadevaloka | Mithila; Sammed Shikharji | Vijayaraja by Vapra | Golden | Blue Water Lily | 45 meters | 10,000 years | Bakula (Mimusops elengi) | Bhrikuti and Gandhari; or Chamundi | Shubha; Anila | Shikharji | 584,979 BCE | |
22 | Neminatha | Aparajitadevaloka | Sauripura; Girnar | Samudravijaya by Shivadevi | Black | Shankha | 30 meters | 1,000 years | Vetasa | Gomedha and Ambika; or Sarvahna and Kushmandini | Varadatta; Yakshadinna | Girnar | 84,000 years ago | |
23 | Parshvanatha | Pranatadevaloka | Varanasi; Sammed Shikharji | Ashvasena by Vamadevi | Green | Snake | 13.5 feet | 100 years | Dhataki (Woodfordia fruticosa) | Parshvayaksha or Dharanendra and Padmavati | Aryadinna; Pushpachuda | Shikharji | 872 BCE | |
24 | Mahavira | Pranatadevaloka | Kshatriyakund; Pavapuri | Siddhartharaja and Trishala | Golden | Lion | 6 feet | 72 years | Teka (Tectona grandis) | Matanga and Siddhayika | Indrabhuti; Chandanabala | Pavapuri | 599 BCE |
The total length of the lifespans of all 24 Tīrthaṅkaras combined equals 2.603672 sextillion years.
Jainism, also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religion. Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four tirthankaras, with the first in the current time cycle being Rishabhadeva, whom the tradition holds to have lived millions of years ago, the twenty-third tirthankara Parshvanatha, whom historians date to the 9th century BCE, and the twenty-fourth tirthankara Mahavira, around 600 BCE. Jainism is considered an eternal dharma with the tirthankaras guiding every time cycle of the cosmology. The three main pillars of Jainism are ahiṃsā (non-violence), anekāntavāda (non-absolutism), and aparigraha (asceticism).
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