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Terfezia is a genus of truffle-like fungi within the Pezizaceae family. Terfezia species are commonly known as desert truffles. Some authorities consider this the type genus of the family Terfeziaceae, although phylogenetic analysis suggests that it nests within the Pezizaceae. The Dictionary of the Fungi suggests that the genus contains 12 species. A recent (2011) publication used molecular analysis to show that the American Terfezia species had been incorrectly classified, and moved Terfezia spinosa and Terfezia longii to Mattirolomyces and Stouffera, respectively; as a result, no Terfezia species are known to exist in North America.
The Hymenogastraceae is a family of fungi in the order Agaricales with both agaric and false-truffle shaped fruitbodies. Formerly, prior to molecular analyses, the family was restricted to the false-truffle genera. The mushroom genus Psilocybe in the Hymenogastraceae is now restricted to the hallucinogenic species while nonhallucinogenic former species are largely in the genus Deconica classified in the Strophariaceae.
The Morchellaceae are a family of ascomycete fungi in the order Pezizales. According to a standard reference work, the family has contained at least 49 species distributed among four genera. However, in 2012, five genera that produce ascoma that are sequestrate and hypogeous were added. The best-known members are the highly regarded and commercially picked true morels of the genus Morchella, the thimble morels of the genus Verpa, and a genus of cup-shaped fungi Disciotis. The remaining four genera produce the sequestrate fruit bodies.
Gautieria is a genus of hypogeal fungi in the family Gomphaceae. They form mycorrhizae with various tree species, mostly from the family Pinaceae. Species are present over much of the world's temperate and boreal forest habitats. It is well documented that species from this genera are an important part of the diet of the northern flying squirrel. Also, some Australian marsupials, especially the rat-kangaroos, feed extensively on these fungi. The fungi also benefit from this relationship: not only do the squirrels help to disperse the spores and propagate the species, studies suggest that passage through the digestive tract of a mammal promotes germination of spores.
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Tuber oregonense, commonly known as the Oregon white truffle, is a species of edible truffle in the genus Tuber. Described as new to science in 2010, the North American species is found on the western coast of the United States, from northern California to southern British Columbia west of the Cascade Range. A mycorrhizal fungus, it grows in a symbiotic association with Douglas fir. It overlaps in distribution with the closely related T. gibbosum, but they have different growing seasons: T. oregonense typically appears from October through March, while T. gibbosum grows from January to June. The fruit bodies of the fungus are roughly spherical to irregular in shape, and resemble small potatoes up to 5 cm (2 in) in diameter. Inside the truffle is the gleba, which is initially white before it becomes a marbled tan color. The large, often thick-walled, and strongly ornamented spores are produced in large spherical asci. The truffle is highly prized for its taste and aroma. Some individuals have claimed success in cultivating the truffles in Christmas tree farms.
Tuber gibbosum, commonly known as the Oregon white truffle, is a species of truffle in the genus Tuber. It is found in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, where it grows in an ectomycorrhizal association with Douglas-fir. It is commercially collected between as early as October and into March.
Tuber is a genus in the fungal family Tuberaceae, with estimated molecular dating to the end of the Jurassic period. It includes several species of truffles that are highly valued as delicacies.
Paradoxa is a genus of truffles in the family Tuberaceae. Originally described by the Italian botanist Oreste Mattirolo in 1935, the genus remained monotypic until a second species P. gigantospora was transferred from Tuber in 2009. A third species, P. sinensis, was also described, representing the second species from China. P. sinensis differs from P. gigantospora by having a somewhat smaller fruit body, and differs from P. monospora by having yellowish to yellow-brown ascomata.
Kalapuya brunnea is a species of truffle in the monotypic fungal genus Kalapuya. The truffle occurs only in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, in western Oregon and northern California. Known locally as the Oregon brown truffle, it was formerly thought to be an undescribed species of Leucangium until molecular analysis demonstrated that it was distinct from that genus. The truffle is reddish brown with a rough and warty outer skin, while the interior spore-producing gleba is initially whitish before developing greyish-brown mottling as it matures. Mature truffles have an odor resembling garlicky cheese, similar to mature Camembert. The species has been harvested for culinary purposes in Oregon.
Tuber lijiangense is a species of truffle in the family Tuberaceae. Found in China, it was described as a new species in 2011. Fresh truffles are pale yellow or light brown, roughly spherical, and measure up to 3 cm (1.2 in) in diameter.
Tuber microspermum is a species of truffle in the family Tuberaceae. Described as new to science in 2012, the edible species is found in China. The roughly spherical truffle is up to 1.5 cm (0.6 in) wide and yellowish-brown in color. It is distinguished from other truffles by its small asci and small spores that have a network-like surface pattern punctuated by small spines.
Tuber microspiculatum is a species of truffle in the family Tuberaceae. Found in China, it was described as new to science in 2012. The edible species has fruit bodies up to 2.5 cm (1.0 in) wide that range in color from light yellow to reddish brown depending on their age. It is distinguished microscopically from other similar truffles by the honeycomb-like ornamentation on the surface of its spores.
Tuber sinoexcavatum is a species of truffle in the family Tuberaceae. Described as a new species in 2011, it is found in China. The pale yellowish-brown to brown truffles measure up to 3 cm (1.2 in) in diameter. The species is named for its close resemblance to the common European truffle T. excavatum.
Tuber foetidum is a species of truffle in the genus Tuber (fungus). It was first described scientifically in 1831 by the Italian doctor and mycologist Carlo Vittadini. It is characterized by its foetid odour, and minute brownish bumps on the surface of the fruitbody. A rare species, it is found in Europe. It associates with oak and beech in southern Europe, and with larch in the United Kingdom. Molecular analysis indicates that T. foetidum is closely related to T. maculatum.
Tuber indicum, commonly known as the Chinese black truffle or the Asian black truffle, is an edible fungus known for its hypogean fruiting bodies, characteristic of the Tuber genus. It is found natively in Himalayan India and parts of China, but has also been found invasively in the United States and Italy. It is sold commercially and often confused with Tuber melanosporum.
References
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- 1 2 3 Castellanoi G, Trappe JM, Rawlinson P, Vilgalys R (2010). "Improved resolution of major clades within Tuber and taxonomy of species within the Tuber gibbosum complex". Mycologia. 102 (5): 1042–57. doi:10.3852/09-213. PMID 20943504. S2CID 27719272.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Guevara G, Bonito G, Trappe JM, Cázares E, Williams G, Healy RA, Schadt C, Vilgalys R (2013). "New North American truffles (Tuber spp.) and their ectomycorrhizal associations" (PDF). Mycologia. 105 (1): 194–209. doi:10.3852/12-087. PMID 22962353. S2CID 11367346.
- ↑ Su KM, Xiong WP, Wang Y, Li SH, Xie R, Baima D (2013). "Tuber bomiense, a new truffle species from Tibet, China". Mycotaxon. 126: 127–32. doi: 10.5248/126.127 .
- ↑ Vittadini (1831), p. 44.
- ↑ Vittadini (1831), p. 37.
- ↑ Alvarado P, Moreno G, Manjón JL (2012). "Comparison between Tuber gennadii and T. oligospermum lineages reveals the existence of the new species T. cistophilum (Tuberaceae, Pezizales)". Mycologia. 104 (4): 894–910. doi:10.3852/11-254. PMID 22314593. S2CID 9823200.
- ↑ Božac R, Širić I (2012). "Tuber donnagotto, a new winter truffle species from Istria, Croatia". Acta Botanica Croatica. 71 (2): 279–84. doi: 10.2478/v10184-011-0068-z .
- ↑ Vittadini (1831), p. 49.
- ↑ Vittadini (1831), p. 46.
- ↑ Vittadini (1831), p. 41.
- 1 2 Fan L, Cao JZ, Li Y (2012). "Tuber microverrucosum and T. huizeanum — two new species from China with reticulate ascospores". Mycotaxon. 122: 161–9. doi: 10.5248/122.161 .
- ↑ Suwannarach N, Kumla J, Vadthanarat S, Raspé O, Lumyong S. (2016). "Morphological and molecular evidence support a new truffle, Tuber lannaense, from Thailand". Mycological Progress. 15 (8): 827–834. Bibcode:2016MycPr..15..827S. doi:10.1007/s11557-016-1212-x. S2CID 17024146.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - 1 2 Fan L, Cao JZ, Li Y (2011). "Two new species of the genus Tuber from China". Mycotaxon. 116: 349–54. doi: 10.5248/116.349 .
- ↑ Vittadini (1831), p. 35.
- ↑ Vittadini (1831), p. 45.
- ↑ Vittadini (1831), p. 36.
- ↑ Vittadini (1831), p. 40.
- 1 2 Fan L, Cao JZ, Zheng ZH, Li Y (2012). "Tuber in China: T. microspermum and T. microspiculatum spp. nov". Mycotaxon. 119: 391–5. doi: 10.5248/119.391 .
- ↑ Fan L, Cao JZ, Li Y (2012). "Tuber microsphaerosporum and Paradoxa sinensis spp. nov". Mycotaxon. 120: 471–5. doi: 10.5248/120.471 .
- ↑ Vittadini (1831), p. 48.
- ↑ Trappe JM. (1979). "The orders, families, and genera of hypogeous Ascomycotina (truffles and their relatives)". Mycotaxon. 9 (1): 297–340.
- ↑ Trappe JM, Castellano MA (2000). "New sequestrate Ascomycota and Basidiomycota covered by the Northwest Forest Plan". Mycotaxon. 75: 153–79.
- ↑ Deng XJ, Liu PG, Liu CY, Wang Y (2012). "A new white truffle species, Tuber panzhihuanense from China". Mycological Progress. 12 (3): 557–61. doi:10.1007/s11557-012-0862-6. S2CID 255314556.
- 1 2 Fan L, Cao JZ (2011). "Tuber sinoalbidum and T. polyspermum – new species from China". Mycotaxon. 118: 403–10. doi: 10.5248/118.403 .
- ↑ Wang Y, Moreno G, Riousset LJ, Manjón JL, Riousset G, Fourré G, Di Massimo G, García-Montero LG, Díez J (1998). "Tuber pseudoexcavatum sp. nov. - a new species from China commercialized in Spain, France and Italy with additional comments on Chinese truffles". Cryptogamie, Mycologie. 19 (1–2): 113–120.
- ↑ Moreno G, Manjón JL, Díez J, García-Montero LG, Di Massimo G (1997). "Tuber pseudohimalayense sp. nov. An Asiatic species commercialized in Spain, similar to the "Perigord" truffle". Mycotaxon. 63: 217–24.
- 1 2 Frank JL, Southworth D, Trappe JM (2006). "NATS truffle and truffle-like fungi 13: Tuber quercicola and T. whetstonense, new species from Oregon, and T. candidum redescribed". Mycotaxon. 95: 229–40.
- ↑ Guevara G, Bonito G, Cázares E, Rodríguez J, Vilgalys R, Trappe JM (2008). "Tuber regimontanum, una nueva especie de trufa de México". Revista Mexicana de Micología (in Spanish). 26: 17–20.
- ↑ Zhang JP, Liu PG, Chen J (2012). "Tuber sinoaestivum sp. nov., an edible truffle from southwestern China". Mycotaxon. 122: 73–82. doi: 10.5248/122.73 . S2CID 87715249.
- ↑ Roux P. (2006). Mille et Un Champignons. p. 13.
- ↑ Uecker FA, Burdsall HH Jr (1977). "Tuber spinoreticulatum, a new truffle from Maryland". Mycologia. 69 (3): 626–30. doi:10.2307/3758567. JSTOR 3758567.
- ↑ Suwannarach N, Kumla J, Lumyong S. (2015). "A new whitish truffle, Tuber thailandicum from northern Thailand and its ectomycorrhizal association". Mycological Progress. 14 (10/83): 1–12. Bibcode:2015MycPr..14...83S. doi:10.1007/s11557-015-1107-2. S2CID 255314049.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Chen J, Liu PG, Wang Y (2006). "Tuber umbilicatum, a new species from China, with a key to the spinose-reticulate spored Tuber species". Mycotaxon. 94: 1–6.
- ↑ Pacioni G, Lalli G (1990). "Novità micologiche dei Monti Simbruini". Micologia e Vegetazione Mediterranea (in Italian). 4 (2): 29–32.
- ↑ Xu AS. (1999). "Notes on the genus of Tuber from Tibet". Mycosystema. 18 (4): 361–65.
- ↑ He XY, Li HM, Wang Y (2004). "Tuber zhongdianense sp. nov. from China". Mycotaxon. 90 (1): 213–16.
Cited books
- Vittadini C. (1831). Monographia Tuberacearum. Milan: Ex Typographia F. Rusconi. p. 44.