List of Zalmoxidae species

Last updated February 21, 2025

This is a list of the described species of the harvestman family Zalmoxidae. Data on Neotropical species is mostly taken from Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog. Data on Indo-Pacific species is taken from the Sharma et al. (2011) Zootaxa catalog.

Absonus M. A. González-Sponga, 1987

Absonus ayalai M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Absonus caracasensis M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela

Araguita M. A. González-Sponga, 1987

Araguita speciosa M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela

Avilaia González-Sponga, 1998

Avilaia cordillerensis González-Sponga, 1998

Azulitaia M. A. González-Sponga, 1987

Azulitaia rubicunda M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela

Buruquelia González-Sponga, 1999

Buruquelia cornifera González-Sponga, 1999 — Venezuela

Carayaca González-Sponga, 1998

Carayaca ornata González-Sponga, 1998

Cea M. A. González-Sponga, 1987

Cea lanceolata M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela

Cersa V. Silhavy, 1979

Cersa kratochvili V. Silhavy, 1979 — Cuba

Chamaia M. A. González-Sponga, 1987

Chamaia convexa M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela

Chirimena González-Sponga, 1999

Chirimena brevigranulata González-Sponga, 1999

Cochirapha Roewer, 1949

Cochirapha rugipes Roewer, 1949 — Ecuador

Cubiria M. A. González-Sponga, 1987

Cubiria inflata González-Sponga, 1999
Cubiria peculiaris M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela

Curimaguanus González-Sponga, in Kury 2003

Curimaguanus infrequentis (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987) — Venezuela

Ethobunus Chamberlin, 1925

Ethobunus acanthotibialis (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1953) — Mexico
Ethobunus albitrochanteris (Roewer, 1933) — Costa Rica
Ethobunus armatus (Roewer, 1954) — El Salvador
Ethobunus atroluteus (Roewer, 1949) — Costa Rica
Ethobunus brasiliensis (Mello-Leitão, 1941) — Brazil
Ethobunus brevis (Roewer, 1949) — Costa Rica
Ethobunus calvus (González-Sponga, 2000) — Venezuela
Ethobunus ceriseus (Sørensen, 1932) — Costa Rica
Ethobunus cubensis (V. Silhavy, 1979) — Cuba
Ethobunus filipes (Roewer, 1949) — Costa Rica
Ethobunus foliatus (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1983) — Costa Rica
Ethobunus gertschi (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942) — Panama
Ethobunus goodnighti (Rambla, 1969) — Jamaica
Ethobunus gracililongipes (M. A. González-Sponga, 1987) — Venezuela
Ethobunus gracilipes (Roewer, 1949) — Costa Rica
Ethobunus llorensis (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1983) — Costa Rica
Ethobunus longus (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942) — Costa Rica
Ethobunus meridionalis (Caporiacco, 1951) — Venezuela
Ethobunus minutus (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1977) — Belize
Ethobunus misticus (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1977) — Belize
Ethobunus parallelus (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942) — Costa Rica
Ethobunus pecki (Rambla, 1969) — Jamaica
Ethobunus pilosus (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1953) — Mexico
Ethobunus rectipes (Roewer, 1927) — Venezuela
Ethobunus simplex Chamberlin, 1925 — Panama
Ethobunus tarsalis (Banks, 1909) — Costa Rica
Ethobunus tenuis (Roewer, 1949) — Costa Rica
Ethobunus trochantericus (Roewer, 1949)
Ethobunus tuberculatus (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1947) — Trinidad
Ethobunus vitensis (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1983) — Costa Rica
Ethobunus xiomarae (González-Sponga, 1998) — Venezuela
Ethobunus zalmoxiformis (Roewer, 1949) — Costa Rica
Ethobunus zebroides (V. Silhavy, 1979) — Cuba

Exlineia Mello-Leitão, 1942

Exlineia fulvescens Mello-Leitão, 1943 — Ecuador
Exlineia milagroi Mello-Leitão, 1942 — Ecuador
Exlineia rhinoceros Mello-Leitão, 1945 — Ecuador

Galanomma Juberthie, 1970

Galanomma microphthalma Juberthie, 1970 — Ecuador

Garanhunsa Roewer, 1949

Garanhunsa pectanalis Roewer, 1949 — Brazil

Granulaia M. A. González-Sponga, 1997

Granulaia stygnoides González-Sponga, 1997 — Venezuela

Guagonia M. A. González-Sponga, 1987

Guagonia multispina M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela

Guayania González-Sponga, 1999

Guayania inflata González-Sponga, 1999

Haitonia M. A. González-Sponga, 1987

Haitonia alba M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela

Jajinia M. A. González-Sponga, 1987

Jajinia bromeliaca M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Jajinia jajinia González-Sponga, 1998 — Venezuela

Junquito González-Sponga, 1999

Junquito denticuloso González-Sponga, 1999

Lara M. A. González-Sponga, 1987

Lara absonustarsalis M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela

Metapachylus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1905

Metapachylus gracilis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1905 — Mexico

Micro M. A. González-Sponga, 1987

Micro obtusangulus M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela

Niquitaia González-Sponga, 1999

Niquitaia convexa González-Sponga, 1999

Orituco M. A. González-Sponga, 1987

Orituco gracilipalpi M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Orituco pariensis M. A. González-Sponga, 1991 — Venezuela
Orituco tuberculosa M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Orituco tuyensis M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela

Ovalia González-Sponga, 1999

Ovalia spinosa González-Sponga, 1999

Pachylicus Roewer, 1923

Pachylicus acutus (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942) — Mexico, Belize, Guatemala
Pachylicus castaneus (Silhavy, 1979) — Cuba
Pachylicus cotoensis Goodnight & Goodnight, 1983 — Costa Rica
Pachylicus petrunkevitchi (Mello-Leitão, 1944) — Panama
Pachylicus foveolatus Goodnight & Goodnight, 1983 — Costa Rica
Pachylicus hirsutus (Roewer, 1949)
Pachylicus hispidus Goodnight & Goodnight, 1983 — Costa Rica
Pachylicus rugosus (Banks, 1909) — Costa Rica
Pachylicus spinatus Goodnight & Goodnight, 1983 — Costa Rica

Panaquire M. A. González-Sponga, 1987

Panaquire calva M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela

Panopiliops Roewer, 1949

Panopiliops inops Goodnight & Goodnight, 1983 — Costa Rica
Panopiliops reimoseri (Roewer, 1949) — Costa Rica

Paraminuella Caporiacco, 1951

Paraminuella bristowei Caporiacco, 1951 — Venezuela

Paramo M. A. González-Sponga, 1987

Paramo meridensis M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Paramo regaladoi González-Sponga, 1999

Parascotolemon Roewer, 1912

Parascotolemon bipunctus (González-Sponga, 1987) — Venezuela
Parascotolemon hirsutus (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1942) — Guyana
Parascotolemon ornatus Roewer, 1912 — Fr.Guiana

Phalangodinella Caporiacco, 1951

Phalangodinella araguitensis M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Phalangodinella arida M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Phalangodinella bicalcanei M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Phalangodinella calcanei M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Phalangodinella callositas M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Phalangodinella caporiaccoi M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Phalangodinella coffeicola M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Phalangodinella longipes M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Phalangodinella pilosa M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Phalangodinella pittieri M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Phalangodinella roeweri Caporiacco, 1951
Phalangodinella santaeroseae M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Phalangodinella tropophyla M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela

Phalangoduna Roewer, 1949

Phalangoduna granosa Roewer, 1949 — Costa Rica

Pijiguaia González-Sponga, 1998

Pijiguaia albina González-Sponga, 1998

Pilosa González-Sponga, 1999

Pilosa pilosa González-Sponga, 1999

Pirassunungoleptes H. Soares, 1966

Pirassunungoleptes analis (Roewer, 1949) — Brazil
Pirassunungoleptes calcaratus H. Soares, 1966 — Brazil
Pirassunungoleptes lesserti (Roewer, 1949) — Bolivia

Protodiasia Ringuelet, 1955

Protodiasia saltensis Ringuelet, 1955 — Argentina

Retropedis M. A. González-Sponga, 1987

Retropedis magnapatella M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela

Sivianus Roewer, 1949

Sivianus titschacki Roewer, 1949 — Peru

Soledadiella M. A. González-Sponga, 1987

Soledadiella barinensis M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Soledadiella macrochelae M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Soledadiella pentaculeata González-Sponga, 1999

Sphoeroforma M. A. González-Sponga, 1987

Sphoeroforma familiaris M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Sphoeroforma fernandezi M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Sphoeroforma minima M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Sphoeroforma pusilla M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela

Spiniella M. A. González-Sponga, 1987

Spiniella grandituberculosa M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela

Stygnoleptes Banks, 1914

Stygnoleptes analis Banks, 1914 — Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia
Stygnoleptes crassus (Sørensen, 1932) — Colombia
Stygnoleptes gibber (Roewer, 1954) — El Salvador
Stygnoleptes sellatus (Roewer, 1954) — El Salvador
Stygnoleptes tarmanus (Roewer, 1956) — Peru

Taguaza González-Sponga, 1998

Taguaza eliptica González-Sponga, 1998 — Venezuela

Tegipiolus Roewer, 1949

Tegipiolus pachypus Roewer, 1949 — Brazil

Tiara M. A. González-Sponga, 1987

Tiara unispina M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela

Timoleon Sørensen, 1932

Timoleon armatanalis Roewer, 1956 — Peru
Timoleon crassipes Sørensen, 1932 — Colombia

Traiania H. E. M. Soares & S. Avram, 1981

Traiania abundantis M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Traiania arairensis M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Traiania cacaotera M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Traiania cimarronera M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Traiania debellardi M. A. González-Sponga, 1991 — Venezuela
Traiania inexspectata M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Traiania mujicai M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Traiania orghidani H. E. M. Soares & S. Avram, 1981 — Venezuela
Traiania simpatrica M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Traiania simplex M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Traiania torrealbai M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Traiania triangularis M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela
Traiania venadoensis González-Sponga, 1998 — Venezuela

Unare M. A. González-Sponga, 1987

Unare videodifficultatis M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela

Unicornia M. A. González-Sponga, 1987

Unicornia flava M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela

Urachiche M. A. González-Sponga, 1987

Urachiche nerysae M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela

Viacha Roewer, 1949

Viacha granulata Roewer, 1949 — Bolivia

Weyrauchiana Roewer, 1952

Weyrauchiana oxapampa Roewer, 1952 — Peru

Yacambuia M. A. González-Sponga, 1987

Yacambuia yacambuiensis M. A. González-Sponga, 1987 — Venezuela

Zalmoxis Sørensen, in L. Koch 1886

Zalmoxis armatus (Roewer, 1949) — New Guinea
Zalmoxis armatipes Strand, 1910 — New Guinea
Zalmoxis aspersus Roewer, 1949 — Milgrave I., Torres Strait
Zalmoxis austerus Hirst, 1912 — New Guinea
Zalmoxis australis (Roewer, 1949) — New Guinea
Zalmoxis bonka (Forster, 1949) — Solomon Is.
Zalmoxis bendis Sharma et al., 2012^[1] — Borneo
Zalmoxis brevipes (Roewer, 1949) — New Guinea
Zalmoxis cardwellensis Foster, 1955 — Queensland
Zalmoxis cheesmani (Roewer, 1949) — New Guinea
Zalmoxis convexus (Roewer, 1949) — New Guinea
Zalmoxis crassitarsis S. Suzuki, 1982 — Bismarck Archipelago
Zalmoxis cuspanalis (Roewer, 1926) — Philippines
Zalmoxis dammermani (Roewer, 1927) — Java
Zalmoxis darwinensis Goodnight & Goodnight, 1948) — Australia
Zalmoxis derzelas Sharma et al., 2012^[1] — Philippines
Zalmoxis gebeleizis Sharma et al., 2012^[1] — Philippines
Zalmoxis falcifer Sharma, 2012 — Queensland
Zalmoxis furcifer Sharma, 2012 — Queensland
Zalmoxis ferrugineus (Roewer,1912) — Seychelles Is.
Zalmoxis granulatus (Loman, 1902) — Bismarck Archipelago
Zalmoxis heynemani Suzuki, 1977 — Philippines
Zalmoxis insula Forster, 1955 — Dauan I., Torres Strait
Zalmoxis insularis (Roewer, 1949) — Fiji
Zalmoxis jewetti (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1947) — New Guinea
Zalmoxis kaiensis S. Suzuki, 1982 — Moluccas
Zalmoxis kaktinsae Sharma, 2012 — New Caledonia
Zalmoxis kotys Sharma et al., 2012^[1] — Borneo
Zalmoxis lavacaverna G. S. Hunt, 1993 — Queensland
Zalmoxis lavongaiensis (Suzuki, 1985) — New Britain
Zalmoxis luzonicus Roewer, 1949 — Philippines
Zalmoxis maculosus (Roewer, 1949) — New Guinea
Zalmoxis marchei Roewer, 1912 — Marianas
Zalmoxis mendax Sharma, 2012 — New Caledonia
Zalmoxis mindanaonica Suzuki, 1977 — Philippines
Zalmoxis minimus Roewer, 1912 — New Guinea
Zalmoxis mitobatipes (Roewer, 1926) — Philippines
Zalmoxis muelleri (Mueller, 1917) — New Guinea
Zalmoxis mutus (Roewer, 1949) — New Guinea
Zalmoxis neobritanicus S. Suzuki, 1982 — Bismarck Archipelago
Zalmoxis neocaledonicus Roewer, 1912 — New Caledonia
Zalmoxis neoguinensis (Roewer, 1915) — New Guinea
Zalmoxis occidentalis (Roewer, 1949) — Mauritius
Zalmoxis pallidus (Roewer, 1915) — New Guinea
Zalmoxis patellaris (Roewer, 1949) — New Guinea
Zalmoxis perditus Sharma, 2012 — New Caledonia
Zalmoxis ponapeus (Roewer, 1949) — Pohnpei, Micronesia
Zalmoxis princeps Sharma, 2012 — New Caledonia
Zalmoxis pumilus (Roewer, 1949) — New Guinea
Zalmoxis pygmaeus Sørensen, in L. Koch 1886 — Fiji
Zalmoxis remingtoni (Goodnight & Goodnight, 1948) — New Caledonia
Zalmoxis robustus Sørensen, in L. Koch 1886 — Polynesia
Zalmoxis sabazios Sharma et al., 2012^[1] — Philippines
Zalmoxis savesi (Simon, 1880) — New Caledonia
Zalmoxis sarasinorum Roewer, 1913 — Sulawesi
Zalmoxis sepikus (Roewer, 1949) — New Guinea
Zalmoxis similis S. Suzuki, 1982 — Bismarck Archipelago
Zalmoxis soerenseni Simon, 1892 — Philippines
Zalmoxis solitarius (Roewer, 1916) — Pohnpei, Micronesia; Jaluit Atoll, Marshall Is.
Zalmoxis spinicoxa Roewer, 1949 — New Guinea
Zalmoxis thorelli (Roewer, 1915) — New Guinea
Zalmoxis tuberculatus Goodnight & Goodnight, 1948 — New Caledonia
Zalmoxis zibelthiurdos Sharma et al., 2012^[1] — Borneo

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 Sharma, P.P., Buenvaventa, P.A.C., Clouse, R.M., Diesmos, A.C., & Giribet, G. (2012). "Forgotten gods: Zalmoxidae of the Philippines and Borneo (Opiliones: Laniatores)." Zootaxa 3280: 29-55.

Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog: Zalmoxioidae
Sharma, P.P. (2012). "New Australasian Zalmoxidae (Opiliones: Laniatores) and a new case of male polymorphism in Opiliones." Zootaxa 3236: 1-35.
Sharma, P.P., Kury, A.B., & Giribet, G. (2011). "Zalmoxidae (Arachnida: Opiliones: Laniatores) of the Paleotropics: a catalogue of Southeast Asian and Indo-Pacific species." Zootaxa 2972: 37-58.

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[ZT3280-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sharma, P.P., Buenvaventa, P.A.C., Clouse, R.M., Diesmos, A.C., & Giribet, G. (2012). "Forgotten gods: Zalmoxidae of the Philippines and Borneo (Opiliones: Laniatores)." Zootaxa 3280: 29-55.

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