List of animals that can get SARS-CoV-2

Last updated

Dozens of captive animal species have been found infected or proven able to be experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The virus has also been found in over a dozen wild animal species.

Contents

Most animal species that can get the virus have not been proven to be able to spread it back to humans. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has stated that there is low risk that the virus would spread from animals to people but further studies are yet to be conducted. [1]

AnimalDate detected (or publicized)Spread amongst themselves?Spreads to humans?Captive or wild infection?References
Bank vole April 2021NoCaptive [2]


Bat, Eastern red (July 2024) (United States)Wild

[3]

Bat, Lesser horseshoe (July 2021) (United Kingdom)Wild

[4]

Big hairy armadillo March 2022Captive [5]
Binturong October 2021Captive [6]
Black-tailed marmoset January 2022Wild [7]
Bobcat November 2022Wild [8] [9]
Brown rat (January 2023)Wild [9]
Canada lynx December 2021Captive [10]
Cat April 2020YesYes [11] Captive [12] [13]
Cattle (December 2020)Captive [14]
Common marmoset December 2020Captive [15] [16]
Civet [17]
Cottontail rabbit November 2022NoWild [18]
Cougar/Mountain Lion/Puma July 2020Captive [19]
Crab-eating macaque April 2020Captive [20]
Dog March 2020NoCaptive [13] [21]
Domestic rabbit October 2020NoCaptive [22]
Eastern deer mouse June 2021YesCaptive and Wild [23]
Eastern gray squirrel November 2022Wild [8] [9]
Eurasian Beaver August 2021Captive [24]
Eurasian lynx November 2021Captive [25]
European fallow deer February 2022Wild [26]
Ferret April 2020YesCaptive [12] [27]
Fishing cat October 2021Captive [6]
Fruit bat, Egyptian September 2020YesCaptive [28]
Giant Anteater (August 2022)Captive [5]
Golden hamster May 2020YesYes [29] Captive [30]
Gorilla January 2021Captive [31]
Groundhog (July 2024)Wild [3]
Hamadryas baboon December 2020Captive [15] [16]
Hippopotamus December 2021Captive [32]
Indian leopard October 2021Wild [33]
Lion October 2020Captive [34] [35] [36]
Tiger April 2020UnconfirmedCaptive [37] [35]
Mandrill August 2022Captive [14]
Mink October 2020YesYes [38] [39] Captive and Wild [40]
Monkey, African green September 2020Captive [41]
Mouse, Western european house (January 2022)Captive (lab) [42]
Otter, Asian small-clawed April 2021Captive [43]
Pangolin

(SARS-CoV2-Related Virus—as opposed to SARS-CoV2 specifically—antibodies detected; see "Wild or Captive infection" column)

February – July 2020 (Thailand)Wild

(Study concluded only that evidence of past infection with SARS-CoV2-Related Virus—as opposed to SARS-CoV2 specifically—was detected due to following findings: While Neutralizing Antibodies highly specific to SARS-CoV2 were found in small sample, it’s highly plausible that the antibodies were cross-reacting antibodies to other SARS-CoV2-Related Virus(es); Tested negative for virus)

 [44]
Raccoon November 2022Wild [8] [9]
Raccoon dog December 2020YesCaptive [45]
Red fox November 2022Wild [8] [9]
Rhesus macaque May 2020Captive [15] [46]
Ring-tailed coati October 2021Captive [47]
Snow leopard December 2020Captive [19] [48]
Spotted hyena November 2021Captive [49]
Squirrel monkey July 2022Captive [50]
Striped skunk November 2022Wild [8] [9]
Swan Summer 2022Undisclosed [51]
Virginia opossum November 2022Wild [8] [9]
West Indian manatee (January 2022)Captive [5]
White-footed mouse November 2022Wild [8] [9]
White-tailed deer December 2020YesYes [52] [53] Captive and Wild [54] [55]

See also

References

  1. ↑ CDC (2020-02-11). "COVID-19 and Your Health". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2021-12-04.
  2. ↑ Ulrich, Lorenz; Michelitsch, Anna; Halwe, Nico; Wernike, Kerstin; Hoffmann, Donata; Beer, Martin (April 2021). "Experimental SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Bank Voles". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 27 (4): 1193–1195. doi:10.3201/eid2704.204945. PMC   8007283 . PMID   33754987.
  3. 1 2 Goldberg, Amanda R.; Langwig, Kate E.; Brown, Katherine L.; Marano, Jeffrey M.; Rai, Pallavi; King, Kelsie M.; Sharp, Amanda K.; Ceci, Alessandro; Kailing, Christopher D.; Kailing, Macy J.; Briggs, Russell; Urbano, Matthew G.; Roby, Clinton; Brown, Anne M.; Weger-Lucarelli, James; Finkielstein, Carla V.; Hoyt, Joseph R. (29 July 2024). "Widespread exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife communities". Nature Communications. 15 (1): 6210. Bibcode:2024NatCo..15.6210G. doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49891-w. PMC   11286844 . Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  4. ↑ Crook, Jack (July 19, 2021). "Metagenomic identification of a new sarbecovirus from horseshoe bats in Europe". Nature. 11 (1): 14723. Bibcode:2021NatSR..1114723C. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-94011-z. PMC   8289822 . PMID   34282196. S2CID   233530091.
  5. 1 2 3 Arteaga, Franco Lucero; Jodar, Mercedes Nabaes; Mondino, Mariela; Portu, Ana; Boeris, Monica; Joly, Ana; Jar, Ana; Mundo, Silvia; Castro, Eliana; Alvarez, Diego; Torres, Carolina; Viegas, Mariana; Bratanich, Ana (23 August 2022). "An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in big hairy armadillos (Chaetophractus villosus) associated with Gamma variant in Argentina three months after being undetectable in humans". doi: 10.1101/2022.08.23.503528 . S2CID   251910724.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. 1 2 "Confirmation of COVID-19 in a Binturong and a Fishing Cat at an Illinois Zoo". Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Archived from the original on October 6, 2021.
  7. ↑ Pereira, Asheley; Vasconcelos, Anna; Silva, Victoria; Nogueira, Beatriz; Silva, Anna; Pacheco, Richard; Souza, Marcos; Colodel, Edson; Ubiali, Daniel; Biondo, Alexander; Nakazato, Luciano; Dutra, Valéria (26 April 2022). "Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Free-Ranging Black-Tailed Marmoset (Mico melanurus) from an Urban Area in Mid-West Brazil". Journal of Comparative Pathology. 194 (194): 22–27. doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.03.005. PMC   9040408 . PMID   35577455.
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  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Main, Douglas (9 January 2023). "COVID-19 is more widespread in animals than we thought". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 9 January 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  10. ↑ "Confirmation of COVID-19 in a Canada Lynx at a Pennsylvania Zoo". Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Archived from the original on December 22, 2021.
  11. ↑ Anthes, Emily (10 June 2022). "A new study is the first to document likely cat-to-human virus transmission, but risks are low overall, experts say". New York Times. Archived from the original on 10 June 2022. Retrieved 10 June 2022.
  12. 1 2 Shi, Jianzhong; Wen, Zhiyuan; Zhong, Gongxun; Yang, Huanliang; Wang, Chong; Huang, Baoying; Liu, Renqiang; He, Xijun; Shuai, Lei; Sun, Ziruo; Zhao, Yubo (2020-05-29). "Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS–coronavirus 2". Science. 368 (6494): 1016–1020. doi:10.1126/science.abb7015. PMC   7164390 . PMID   32269068.
  13. 1 2 Bosco-Lauth, Angela M.; Hartwig, Airn E.; Porter, Stephanie M.; Gordy, Paul W.; Nehring, Mary; Byas, Alex D.; VandeWoude, Sue; Ragan, Izabela K.; Maison, Rachel M.; Bowen, Richard A. (20 October 2020). "Experimental infection of domestic dogs and cats with SARS-CoV-2: Pathogenesis, transmission, and response to reexposure in cats". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (42): 26382–26388. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11726382B. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2013102117 . PMC   7585007 . PMID   32994343.
  14. 1 2 "A Global Open Access Dataset of Reported SARS-CoV-2 Events in Animals". SARS-ANI VIS. Complexity Science Hub Vienna. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
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  16. 1 2 Singh, Dhiraj Kumar; Singh, Bindu; Ganatra, Shashank R.; Gazi, Michal; Cole, Journey; Thippeshappa, Rajesh; Alfson, Kendra J.; Clemmons, Elizabeth; Gonzalez, Olga; Escobedo, Ruby; Lee, Tae-Hyung; Chatterjee, Ayan; Goez-Gazi, Yenny; Sharan, Riti; Gough, Maya; Alvarez, Cynthia; Blakley, Alyssa; Ferdin, Justin; Bartley, Carmen; Staples, Hilary; Parodi, Laura; Callery, Jessica; Mannino, Amanda; Klaffke, Benjamin; Escareno, Priscilla; Platt, Roy N.; Hodara, Vida; Scordo, Julia; Gautam, Shalini; Vilanova, Andreu G.; Olmo-Fontanez, Angelica; Schami, Alyssa; Oyejide, Adelekan; Ajithdoss, Dharani K.; Copin, Richard; Baum, Alina; Kyratsous, Christos; Alvarez, Xavier; Ahmed, Mushtaq; Rosa, Bruce; Goodroe, Anna; Dutton, John; Hall-Ursone, Shannan; Frost, Patrice A.; Voges, Andra K.; Ross, Corinna N.; Sayers, Ken; Chen, Christopher; Hallam, Cory; Khader, Shabaana A.; Mitreva, Makedonka; Anderson, Timothy J. C.; Martinez-Sobrido, Luis; Patterson, Jean L.; Turner, Joanne; Torrelles, Jordi B.; Dick, Edward J.; Brasky, Kathleen; Schlesinger, Larry S.; Giavedoni, Luis D.; Carrion, Ricardo; Kaushal, Deepak (18 December 2020). "Responses to acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs of rhesus macaques, baboons and marmosets". Nature Microbiology. 6 (1): 73–86. doi:10.1038/s41564-020-00841-4. PMC   7890948 . PMID   33340034.
  17. ↑ Holmes, Edward C.; Goldstein, Stephen A.; Rasmussen, Angela L.; Robertson, David L.; Crits-Christoph, Alexander; Wertheim, Joel O.; Anthony, Simon J.; Barclay, Wendy S.; Boni, Maciej F.; Doherty, Peter C.; Farrar, Jeremy; Geoghegan, Jemma L.; Jiang, Xiaowei; Leibowitz, Julian L.; Neil, Stuart J. D.; Skern, Tim; Weiss, Susan R.; Worobey, Michael; Andersen, Kristian G.; Garry, Robert F.; Rambaut, Andrew (16 September 2021). "The origins of SARS-CoV-2: A critical review". Cell. 184 (19): 4848–4856. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.08.017. PMC   8373617 . PMID   34480864.
  18. ↑ Goldberg, Amanda R.; Langwig, Kate E.; Marano, Jeffrey; Sharp, Amanda K.; Brown, Katherine L.; Ceci, Alessandro; Kailing, Macy J.; Briggs, Russell; Roby, Clinton; Brown, Anne M.; Weger-Lucarelli, James; Finkielstein, Carla V.; Hoyt, Joseph R. (7 November 2022). "Wildlife exposure to SARS-CoV-2 across a human use gradient". doi:10.1101/2022.11.04.515237. hdl: 10919/120776 . S2CID   253422132.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  19. 1 2 Valencak, Teresa G.; Csiszar, Anna; Szalai, Gabor; Podlutsky, Andrej; Tarantini, Stefano; Fazekas-Pongor, Vince; Papp, Magor; Ungvari, Zoltan (October 2021). "Animal reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2: calculable COVID-19 risk for older adults from animal to human transmission". GeroScience. 43 (5): 2305–2320. doi:10.1007/s11357-021-00444-9. PMC   8404404 . PMID   34460063.
  20. ↑ Rockx, Barry; Kuiken, Thijs; Herfst, Sander; Bestebroer, Theo; Lamers, Mart M.; Munnink, Bas B. Oude; Meulder, Dennis de; Amerongen, Geert van; Brand, Judith van den; Okba, Nisreen M. A.; Schipper, Debby (2020-05-29). "Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model". Science. 368 (6494): 1012–1015. doi:10.1126/science.abb7314. PMC   7164679 . PMID   32303590.
  21. ↑ Sit, Thomas H. C.; Brackman, Christopher J.; Ip, Sin Ming; Tam, Karina W. S.; Law, Pierra Y. T.; To, Esther M. W.; Yu, Veronica Y. T.; Sims, Leslie D.; Tsang, Dominic N. C.; Chu, Daniel K. W.; Perera, Ranawaka A. P. M.; Poon, Leo L. M.; Peiris, Malik (29 October 2020). "Infection of dogs with SARS-CoV-2". Nature. 586 (7831): 776–778. Bibcode:2020Natur.586..776S. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2334-5. PMC   7606701 . PMID   32408337.
  22. ↑ Mykytyn, Anna Z.; Lamers, Mart M.; Okba, Nisreen M. A.; Breugem, Tim I.; Schipper, Debby; van den Doel, Petra B.; van Run, Peter; van Amerongen, Geert; de Waal, Leon; Koopmans, Marion P. G.; Stittelaar, Koert J.; van den Brand, Judith M. A.; Haagmans, Bart L. (2021). "Susceptibility of rabbits to SARS-CoV-2". Emerging Microbes & Infections. 10 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1868951. PMC   7832544 . PMID   33356979.
  23. ↑ Griffin, Bryan D.; Chan, Mable; Tailor, Nikesh; Mendoza, Emelissa J.; Leung, Anders; Warner, Bryce M.; Duggan, Ana T.; Moffat, Estella; He, Shihua; Garnett, Lauren; Tran, Kaylie N.; Banadyga, Logan; Albietz, Alixandra; Tierney, Kevin; Audet, Jonathan; Bello, Alexander; Vendramelli, Robert; Boese, Amrit S.; Fernando, Lisa; Lindsay, L. Robbin; Jardine, Claire M.; Wood, Heidi; Poliquin, Guillaume; Strong, James E.; Drebot, Michael; Safronetz, David; Embury-Hyatt, Carissa; Kobasa, Darwyn (14 June 2021). "SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in the North American deer mouse". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 3612. Bibcode:2021NatCo..12.3612G. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23848-9. PMC   8203675 . PMID   34127676.
  24. ↑ Service, Tribune News. "Beavers in Mongolia test Covid positive". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 2022-01-07.
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  50. ↑ Donnelly, Jamie (12 July 2022). "Squirrel monkey with COVID dies at Reid Park Zoo; virus' role unclear". Arizona Daily Star. Archived from the original on 14 July 2022. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
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