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Los Zetas is a Mexican criminal syndicate, known as one of the most dangerous of Mexico's drug cartels. They are known for engaging in brutally violent "shock and awe" tactics such as beheadings, torture, and indiscriminate murder. While primarily concerned with drug trafficking, the organization also ran profitable sex and gun rackets. Los Zetas also operated through protection rackets, assassinations, extortion, kidnappings and other illegal activities. The organization was based in Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, directly across the border from Laredo, Texas. The origins of Los Zetas date back to the late 1990s, when commandos of the Mexican Army deserted their ranks and began working as the enforcement arm of the Gulf Cartel. In February 2010, Los Zetas broke away and formed their own criminal organization, rivalling the Gulf Cartel.
The Juárez Cartel, also known as the Vicente Carrillo Fuentes Organization, is a Mexican drug cartel based in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, across the Mexico—U.S. border from El Paso, Texas. The cartel is one of several drug trafficking organizations that have been known to decapitate their rivals, mutilate their corpses and dump them in public places to instill fear not only in the general public but also in local law enforcement and their rivals, the Sinaloa Cartel. Its current known leader is Juan Pablo Ledezma. The Juárez Cartel has an armed wing known as La Línea, a Juárez street gang that usually performs the executions and is now the cartel’s most powerful and leading faction. It also uses the Barrio Azteca gang to attack its enemies.
The Mexican drug war is an ongoing asymmetric armed conflict between the Mexican government and various drug trafficking syndicates. When the Mexican military intervened in 2006, the government's main objective was to reduce drug-related violence. The Mexican government has asserted that their primary focus is dismantling the cartels and preventing drug trafficking. The conflict has been described as the Mexican theater of the global war on drugs, as led by the United States federal government.
Los Negros was a criminal organization that was once the armed wing of the Sinaloa Cartel and after a switch of alliances, became the armed wing of the Sinaloa splinter gang, the Beltrán-Leyva Cartel. In 2010 it went independent and had been contesting the control of the Beltrán-Leyva Cartel. It was then the criminal paramilitary unit of Édgar Valdez Villarreal in Mexico. Valdez was arrested on August 30, 2010, near Mexico City. Los Negros was led by Valdez at the time they merged with the Sinaloa Cartel.
The timeline of some of the most relevant events in the Mexican drug war is set out below. Although violence between drug cartels had been occurring for three decades, the Mexican government held a generally passive stance regarding cartel violence through the 1980s and early 2000s.
La Familia Michoacana, La Familia, is a Mexican drug cartel and organized crime syndicate based in the Mexican state of Michoacán. They are known to produce large amounts of methamphetamine in clandestine laboratories in Michoacan. Formerly allied to the Gulf Cartel—as part of Los Zetas—it split off in 2006. The cartel was founded by Carlos Rosales Mendoza, a close associate of Osiel Cárdenas. The second leader, Nazario Moreno González, known as El Más Loco, preached his organization's divine right to eliminate enemies. He carried a "bible" of his own sayings and insisted that his army of traffickers and hitmen avoid using the narcotics they produce and sell. Nazario Moreno's partners were José de Jesús Méndez Vargas, Servando Gómez Martínez and Enrique Plancarte Solís, each of whom has a bounty of $2 million for his capture, and were contesting the control of the organization.
The Beltrán Leyva Organization (BLO), also known as the Beltrán Leyva Cartel; Spanish: Cártel de los Beltrán Leyva (CBL), was a Mexican drug cartel and organized crime syndicate, formerly headed by the five Beltrán Leyva brothers: Marcos Arturo, Carlos, Alfredo, Mario Alberto, and Héctor. Founded as a Sinaloa Cartel, the Beltrán Leyva cartel was responsible for transportation and wholesaling of cocaine, heroin and marijuana. It controlled numerous drug trafficking corridors, and engaged in human smuggling, money laundering, extortion, kidnapping, murder and gun-running.
The Milenio Cartel, or Cártel de los Valencia, was a Mexican criminal organization based in Michoacán. It relocated to Jalisco in the early 2000s. The Jalisco New Generation Cartel was born from the splintering of the Milenio Cartel.
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This is a list of Mexico's 37 most-wanted drug lords as published by Mexican federal authorities on 23 March 2009. According to a BBC Mundo Mexico report, the 37 drug lords "have jeopardized Mexico national security."
The Knights Templar Cartel was a Mexican criminal organization originally composed of the remnants of La Familia Michoacana drug cartel based in the Mexican State of Michoacán.
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The Jalisco New Generation Cartel or CJNG, is a Mexican criminal syndicate, based in Jalisco and headed by Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes. The cartel has been characterized by extreme violence and public relations campaigns. Though the CJNG is known for diversifying into various criminal rackets, drug trafficking remains its most profitable activity. The cartel has been noted for cannibalizing some victims during the training of new sicarios or members, as well as using drones and rocket-propelled grenades to attack enemies.
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The Sinaloa Cartel-Gulf Cartel conflict was an armed conflict between the 2 Mexican cartels that began in 2004 and ended in 2010.
The Los Rojos Cartel is a Mexican criminal organization that emerged as a split from the Beltran-Leyva Cartel, being led at first by brothers Arturo "El Barbas" and Héctor "El Ingeniero", Alfredo "El Mochomo" and Jésus Nava Romero "El Rojo", hence the name of the group. The group also has an important participation in drug trafficking to the United States.
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Los Talibanes, known to a lesser extant as Los Nortes, are a Mexican criminal organization based in San Luis Potosí and Zacatecas. The name "Los Talibanes" is attributed to Iván Velázquez Caballero "El Talibán" or "El Z-50", who broke with Miguel Treviño Morales, "El Z-40", and allied himself with the Gulf Cartel to displace his former partner.
References
- ↑ "Miembros del Cartel del Noreste aceptan la petición de paz de las madres buscadoras". 24 June 2023.
- ↑ "The Gulf Cartel: An Intel Analyst's Guide for Travelers to Mexico".
- ↑ "What is Grupo Delta, the violent CJNG cell implicated in the death of Aristóteles Sandoval and Felipe Tomé". 19 December 2020.
- ↑ "CJNG Destroy Camp of CU Hitmen & the CU Extorting Families, Michoacán".
- ↑ "Mexican Cartels Are Arming Themselves to the Teeth with Powerful US Sniper Rifles". 20 August 2020.
- ↑ "Fresnillo, Zacatecas: Grupo Guerrero of Cartel Jalisco Capture Grupo Flechas Gunmen".
- ↑ ""Esta plaza tiene dueño": La violenta disputa entre el Grupo Sombra y el CJNG que azota a Veracruz". 22 September 2020.
- ↑ "CDS Aquiles' los Cabos Leave Ice Chests with Remains and Threats for CAF in Sánchez Taboada, Tijuana".
- ↑ "Instagram".
- ↑ https://www.facebook.com/p/Hells-Angels-Estado-de-M%C3%A9xico-100065293458407/
- ↑ "Nacho Lozano: Los "Blancos de Troya", un nuevo grupo armado declarando defender Apatzingán - CBS News". CBS News .
- ↑ "Cercan a "Los Talibanes" en Zacatecas". 9 November 2020.
- ↑ "Killing Outside of 'Solo Ángeles' Outlaw Motorcycle Clubhouse in Tijuana".
- ↑ The One Percenter Encyclopedia: The World of Outlaw Motorcycle Clubs from Abyss Ghosts to Zombies Elite. Motorbooks. 3 April 2018. ISBN 978-0-7603-6055-2.
- ↑ https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1997/11/04/tijuana-cartel-escalates-violence-along-border/287e8ed4-f885-48ca-adc2-134ac9cf6354/
- ↑ "Top 10 Notorious American Biker Gangs". 18 August 2009.
- ↑ Smith, Benjamin T. (7 August 2018). The Mexican Press and Civil Society, 1940–1976: Stories from the Newsroom, Stories from the Street. UNC Press Books. ISBN 978-1-4696-3811-9.
- ↑ https://archive.org/details/evilserialkiller00char/page/87/mode/2up
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