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| Part of the series on: |
| The Works of Plato |
|---|
| First Tetralogy |
| Second Tetralogy |
| Third Tetralogy |
| Fourth Tetralogy |
| Fifth Tetralogy |
| Sixth Tetralogy |
| Seventh Tetralogy |
| Eighth Tetralogy |
| Ninth Tetralogy |
| Appendix (Spuria) |
Some 250 known manuscripts of Plato survive. [1] The following is a partial list of manuscripts of Plato's dialogues:
| Name | Date | Content | Institution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Papyrus 2993 | 300 BC-200 BC | Sophist 223-224 | Digitised Manuscripts, British Library |
| P.Oxy.XXXIII 2662 | 100 BC-100 | Meno 92E-93B | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| Papyrus 3051 | 0-200 | Politicus 257B, 261D-262C | Digitised Manuscripts, British Library |
| Papyrus 187 | 0-250 | Laches 181a8-182a4 | Digitised Manuscripts, British Library |
| Papyrus 2048 | 100-300 | Phaedrus | Digitised Manuscripts, British Library |
| P.Oxy.LII 3667 | 200-300 | Alcibiades II 142 B-143 C | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.XV 1808 | 100-200 | Republic viii | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LII 3678 | 200-300 | Philebus18 E-19 A | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LXXVI 5087 | 200-300 | Laches 180 E, 182 B-C | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LII 3682 | 100-200 | Theaetetus 209 A-C | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LXXVI 5078 | 200-400 | Alcibiades I 105 C-D | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LXXVI 5086 | 200-300 | Laches 179 C-D, 180 A-B | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.XXXIII 2663 | 100-200 | Cratylus 405C | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LII 3677 | 100-200 | Phaedrus 267 C | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.XV 1809 | 100-200 | Phaedo | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LII 3676 | 100-200 | Phaedo 107 D-110 A | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LXXVI 5079 | 150-200 | Alcibiades I 109 A-B, 109 B | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.XLIV 3157 | 100-200 | Republic x | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LII 3668 | 100-200 | Epistle 2. 310 E-311 A | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LXXVI 5090 | 100-200 | Politicus 270 D-E | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LII 3672 | 200-300 | Laws 6. 751 A-C | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LII 3681 | 100-300 | Theaetetus 198 D-E | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LII 3666 | 100-200 | Alcibiades I 113 B and 132 A-B | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LXXVI 5088 | 100-200 | Meno 72 E, 73 A-B | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LXXVI 5089 | 100-200 | Politicus 257 B-C, 257 D-258 A | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.XLVII 3326 | 100-200 | Republic 8. 545C-546A | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.XLIX 3509 | 200-300 | Republic i 330 a2 - b4 | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LXXVI 5084 | 100-200 | Crito 43 B, 45 B-E, 45 E-46 A, 46 C-D | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LII 3671 | 150-200 | Laches 179 B-C | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LII 3670 | 100-300 | Hippias Major 291 D-E | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.XXXVI 2751 | 150-250 | Republic III | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LII 3680 | 100-200 | Theaetetus 190 E-191 A | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.XVII 2102 | 150-200 | Phaedrus | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.XV 1809 | 100-200 | Phaedo | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LXXVI 5091 | 100-300 | Politicus 299 E, 300 A-B, 300 C | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LXXVI 5092 | 100-200 | Politicus 305 D-306 B | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LII 3674 | 100-200 | Laws 9. 854 C-D | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LII 3673 | 150-250 | Laws 6. 771 A-D | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LII 3675 | 100-200 | Laws 9. 865 A-C | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LII 3669 | 100-200 | Gorgias 491 B, 495 C-E | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LXXVI 5081 | 100-300 | Charmides 166C, 167A | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LXXVI 5085 | 200-300 | Euthedemus 286 D, 286 E | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LII 3679 | 200-300 | Republic 5. 472 E-473 D | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LXXVI 5082 | 200-300 | Charmides 172 C-D, 173 A-B | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
| P.Oxy.LXXVI 5083 | 200-350 | Cratylus 423 E | Papyrology Rooms, Sackler Library, Oxford |
Additional fragments with possibly outdated references
The traditional division of the works of Plato into tetralogies was done by Thrasyllus of Mendes. [5] The list includes works of doubtful authenticity (in italic), as well as the Letters.
| Works |
|  | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Philosophy | ||||
| Allegories and metaphors | ||||
| Life | ||||
| Legacy | ||||
Stephanus pagination is a system of reference and organization used in modern editions and translations of Plato based on the three-volume 1578 edition of Plato's complete works translated by Joannes Serranus and published by Henricus Stephanus in Geneva.
Socratic dialogue is a genre of literary prose developed in Greece at the turn of the fourth century BC. The earliest ones are preserved in the works of Plato and Xenophon and all involve Socrates as the protagonist. These dialogues, and subsequent ones in the genre, present a discussion of moral and philosophical problems between two or more individuals illustrating the application of the Socratic method. The dialogues may be either dramatic or narrative. While Socrates is often the main participant, his presence in the dialogue is not essential to the genre.
Georg Anton Friedrich Ast was a German philosopher and philologist.
Aeschines of Sphettus or Aeschines Socraticus, son of Lysanias, of the deme Sphettus of Athens, was a philosopher who in his youth was a follower of Socrates. Historians call him Aeschines Socraticus—"the Socratic Aeschines"—to distinguish him from the more historically influential Athenian orator also named Aeschines. His name is sometimes but now rarely written as Aischines or Æschines.
The Oxyrhynchus Papyri are a group of manuscripts discovered during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by papyrologists Bernard Pyne Grenfell and Arthur Surridge Hunt at an ancient rubbish dump near Oxyrhynchus in Egypt.
Albinus was a Platonist philosopher, who lived at Smyrna, and was teacher of Galen. A short tract by him, entitled Introduction to Plato's dialogues, has survived. From the title of one of the extant manuscripts we learn that Albinus was a pupil of Gaius the Platonist. The original title of his work was probably Prologos, and it may have originally formed the initial section of notes taken at the lectures of Gaius. After explaining the nature of the Dialogue, which he compares to a Drama, the writer goes on to divide the Dialogues of Plato into four classes, logical, critical, physical, ethical, and mentions another division of them into Tetralogies, according to their subjects. He advises that the Alcibiades, Phaedo, Republic, and Timaeus, should be read in a series.
Papyrus 104, designated by the symbol 𝔓104, is a fragment that is part of a leaf from a papyrus codex, it measures 2.5 by 3.75 inches at its widest. It is conserved in the Papyrology Rooms at Bodleian Art Library, Oxford, UK. The front (recto) contains lines from the Gospel of Matthew 21:34-37, in Greek, the back (verso) contains tentative traces of lines from verses 43 and 45.
Papyrus 112, designated by 𝔓112, is a fragment from a portion of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript from the Acts of the Apostles. The surviving portions are parts of Acts 26:31-32 and, on the other side of the sheet, Acts 27:6-7. It is written in uncial characters of uniform size, without any diacritical marks or spacing between words. ὁ ἄνθρωπος is written in the Nomen Sacrum form ὁ ἄνος, with a single overline. Based on palaeography, the manuscript has been assigned to the 5th century by the INTF.
Papyrus 121, designated by 𝔓121, is an early copy of the New Testament in Greek. It is a papyrus manuscript of the Gospel of John. The surviving texts of John are only fragments of verses 19:17-18,25-26. They are in very fragmentary condition. The manuscript paleographically has been assigned to the 3rd century by the INTF.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 1 is a papyrus fragment of the logia of Jesus written in Greek. It was among the first of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri discovered by Grenfell and Hunt. It was discovered on the second day of excavation, 12 January 1897, in the garbage mounds in the Egyptian town of Oxyrhynchus. The fragment is dated to the early half of the 3rd century. Grenfell and Hunt originally dated the fragment between 150 and 300, but "probably not written much later than the year 200." It was later discovered to be the oldest manuscript of the Gospel of Thomas.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 4 is a fragment of a Christian theological work in Greek. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The fragment is dated to the early 4th century. It is housed in the library of the University of Cambridge. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 6 is a fragment of the Acts of Paul and Thecla, written in Greek. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The fragment is dated to the fifth century. It is housed in the Cambridge University Library. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 22 contains fragments of the Oedipus Tyrannus by Sophocles, written in Greek. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The fragment is dated to the fifth century. It is housed in the British Library. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 23 is a fragment of the ninth book of Plato's Laws, written in Greek. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The fragment is dated to the third century. It is housed in the Cambridge University Library. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 24 is a fragment of Chapter X of Plato's Republic, written in Greek. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The fragment is dated to the third century. It is housed in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 29 is a fragment of the second book of the Elements of Euclid in Greek. It was discovered by Grenfell and Hunt in 1897 in Oxyrhynchus. The fragment was originally dated to the end of the third century or the beginning of the fourth century, although more recent scholarship suggests a date of 75–125 CE. It is housed in the library of the University of Pennsylvania. The text was published by Grenfell and Hunt in 1898.
Nag Hammadi Codex II is a papyrus codex with a collection of early Christian Gnostic texts in Coptic. The manuscript has survived in nearly perfect condition. The codex is dated to the 4th century. It is the only complete manuscript from antiquity with the text of the Gospel of Thomas.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 228 is a fragment of the Laches, a dialogue of Plato, written in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a roll. It is dated to the second century. It is housed in the Bodleian Library in Oxford.
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 229 is a fragment of the Phaedo, a dialogue by Plato, written in Greek. It was discovered in Oxyrhynchus. The manuscript was written on papyrus in the form of a roll. It is dated to the second or third century. Currently it is housed in the British Library in London.