Since 1978, the conflict between Republic of Turkey and various Kurdish insurgent groups, especially Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) caused deaths of 40,000 to 55,000 people from both sides including many civilians. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Many monuments and memorials for the military and civilian casualties of the conflict were established by the Turkish government. The list below lists all memorials dedicated to victims of the conflict. For military cemeteries see List of military cemeteries to the Kurdish–Turkish conflict
Name | Image | Location | Established | Number of graves | Notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
33 Martyrs Memorial | Bingöl Province | 24 May 2012 | 0 | Dedicated to 33 unarmed recruits killed by PKK militants in an ambush on 24 May 1993. | [6] [7] [8] | |
Acemoğlu Bridge Martyrs Memorial | Kemah, Erzincan Province | 1996 | 0 | Dedicated to 14 soldiers who died in a road accident in Acemoğlu bridge when they were going to fight in an ambush against PKK militias. | [9] | |
Keşan Military Memorial | Keşan, Edirne Province | 1957 | 21 | For 6 soldiers who died in the Turkish War of Independence, 2 soldiers died in the Turkish Invasion of Cyprus and 13 soldiers died in Kurdish–Turkish conflict. | [10] [11] | |
Kocaeli Military Memorial | İzmit, Kocaeli Province | 1924 | 137 | It was originally established for soldiers who died in Turkish War of Independence and later expanded for soldiers who died in Kurdish–Turkish conflict. | [12] | |
Köprüköy Military Memorial | Köprüköy, Erzurum Province | 1964 | Unknown | It was originally established for soldiers who died in Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 and World War I and later expanded for 2 soldiers who died in Kurdish–Turkish conflict. | [13] [14] | |
Monument of the Martyrs of Internal Security | Kırklartepe, Erzincan, Erzincan Province | 1997 | 1887 | For 1887 Turkish troops under the Third Army killed by PKK militias. | [15] [16] | |
Roboski airstrike memorial | Diyarbakır, Diyarbakır Province | 2013 | 0 | For the victims killed by the Turkish air-force in the Roboski airstrike. The memorial was dismantled by the state-appointed trustee of Diyarbakır, Cuma Attila | [17] [18] | |
Siverek Military Memorial and Cemetery | Siverek, Şanlıurfa Province | 1 July 2001 | 1 | It was originally established as a memorial for tens of soldiers who died in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, Turkish War of Independence, Korean War and Kurdish–Turkish conflict. A soldier who died in Kurdish–Turkish conflict was buried later. | [19] | |
Uşak Military Memorial and Cemetery | Uşak, Uşak Province | 1995 | 3 | 3 soldiers who died in Kurdish–Turkish conflict are buried in the cemetery and a representative memorial for 59 other soldiers who died in Kurdish–Turkish conflict also exists. | [20] |
Bingöl, known as Çapakçur before 1944, is a city in Turkey. It is the seat of Bingöl Province and Bingöl District, having a population of 133,423 (2022).
Silopi is a city and seat of Silopi District in the Şırnak Province of Turkey. The city is mainly populated by Kurds of Sipêrtî and Zewkan tribes and had a population of 108,880 in 2023.
The Kurdistan Freedom Hawks or TAK, is a Kurdish nationalist militant group in Turkey seeking an independent Kurdish state in Turkish Kurdistan. The group also opposes the Turkish government's policies towards Kurds in Turkey.
The 2008 Turkish incursion into northern Iraq, code-named Operation Sun by the Turkish Armed Forces, began on February 21, 2008, when the Turkish Army sent troops into northern Iraq to target the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). The ground offensive was preceded by Turkish Air Force bombardments of PKK camps in northern Iraq, which began on December 16, 2007. It was the "first confirmed ground incursion" of Iraq since the 2003 U.S.-led invasion.
This is the timeline of the Turkish-Kurdish conflict. The Kurdish insurgency is an armed conflict between the Republic of Turkey and various Kurdish insurgent groups, which have demanded separation from Turkey to create an independent Kurdistan, or to have autonomy and greater political and cultural rights for Kurds in Turkey. The main rebel group is the Kurdistan Workers' Party or PKK, which was founded on November 27, 1978, and started a full-scale insurgency on August 15, 1984, when it declared a Kurdish uprising. Apart from some extended ceasefires, the conflict has continued to the present day.
The 24 May 1993 PKK attack, sometimes referred to as the Bingöl massacre was a Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) attack on unarmed Turkish military soldiers on the Elazığ-Bingöl highway, 13 km (8.1 mi) west of Bingöl. 33 Turkish soldiers and varying conflicting accounts of civilians were killed. This occurred following the breaking of the first ever PKK-Turkish ceasefire when Turkish forces attacked the PKK in Kulp.
Operation Martyr Yalçın was a military operation conducted by the Turkish Air Force against Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) positions in Syria, and Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) positions in northern Iraq, on 24 and 25 July 2015.
In late July 2015, the third phase of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict between various Kurdish insurgent groups and the Turkish government erupted, following a failed two and a half year-long peace process aimed at resolving the long-running conflict.
The 2015–2016 Şırnak clashes were a series of armed clashes in the southeastern Şırnak province, between Turkish government forces and Kurdish armed groups, as part of the Turkish–Kurdish conflict.
İsmail Özden, aka Mam Zêki Shingali, was a Yazidi Kurdish member of the Kurdistan Workers' Party, famous for the leading role he played in the resistance to the genocide of Yazidis by ISIL. He was killed on 15 August 2018 in a Turkish Air Force airstrike.
Operation Claw was a cross-border military operation by the Turkish Armed Forces into Iraq's autonomous Kurdistan Region against the Kurdistan Workers' Party.
The joint Claw-Eagle and Claw-Tiger operations was a Turkish Armed Forces external operation in northern Iraq. The operation took place in the Qandil Mountains, the Sinjar District, and Makhmur, against Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) targets, as part of the ongoing Kurdish–Turkish and Kurdish–Iranian conflicts. Claw-Eagle, the air campaign, began on 15 June 2020. Claw-Tiger, the ground campaign, was launched on 17 June.
The 33 Martyrs Memorial is a memorial in Bingöl Province, Turkey dedicated to 33 unarmed Turkish Army recruits killed by Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) militants in the 1993 Bingöl massacre.
The Yıldıztepe Military Cemetery is a military cemetery in town İskele of Urla, İzmir Province in Turkey.
Monument of the Martyrs of Internal Security is a memorial and military cemetery in Erzincan Province, Turkey dedicated to 1887 Turkish troops under the Third Army killed by PKK militias in the Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present). Names of all 1887 KIA's are known and written on walls of the monument.
The 2020 İskenderun shootout took place on 26 October 2020, when two Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) militants fought the police in İskenderun, resulting in one of them being shot dead and the other one detonating explosives and killing himself.
2010 İskenderun attack was an attack in Mediterranean port city of İskenderun on 31 May 2010, around 00:40 perpetrated by the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK). 6 soldiers died and 7 or 9 others were injured as a result of the attack.
The 2018 Gercüş bombing happened in Gercüş, Batman Province in Umutlu village on 4 October 2018 around 6:00 (EEST) when Kurdistan Workers' Party militants detonated a remote-controlled bomb when an armoured personnel carrier carrying soldiers to Dargeçit, Mardin Province. 8 soldiers died and 1 other was heavily injured as a result.
The Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency is an armed conflict between the Republic of Turkey and the Kurdistan Workers' Party, as well as its allied insurgent groups, both Kurdish and non-Kurdish, who have either demanded separation from Turkey to create an independent Kurdistan, or attempted to secure autonomy, and/or greater political and cultural rights for Kurds inside the Republic of Turkey.