List of nearest supergiants

This is a list of the nearest supergiant stars to Earth, located at a distance of up to 1,100 light-years (340 parsecs) from Earth. Some of the brightest stars in the night sky, such as Rigel and Antares, are in the list.

While supergiants are typically defined as stars with luminosity classes Ia, Iab or Ib, other definitions exist, such as those based on stellar evolution. ^[1] Therefore, stars with other luminosity classes can sometimes be considered supergiants.

List

Name	Distance (ly)	Spectral type	Stellar radius (R☉)	Stellar mass (M☉)	Stellar luminosity (L☉)	Apparent magnitude (V)	Notes
Canopus	309 [2]	A9II [3]	73.3±5.2 [2]	9.81±1.83 [2]	16,600+700 −680 [2]	−0.74 [4]	While it is frequently described as a yellow supergiant, especially in evolutionary terms, [2] it is classified as a bright giant based on spectrum. [3]
Sargas (θ Scorpii A)	329±9 [5]	F0Ib-F1III [6] or F0 II [7]	35.5 × 26.3 [5]	3.1+0.37 −0.32 [5]	1,400 [5]	1.862 [8]	Either a lower luminosity supergiant or a (bright) giant, formed after stellar merger of two smaller stars
Rasalgethi (α Herculis Aa)	360 [9]	M5 Ib-II [10]	284±60 [10]	2.5 [10]	7,244–9,433 [10]	3.35 [8]	Possibly a bright giant
Rastaban (β Draconis)	380±4 [9]	G2Ib-IIa [11]	41.4 ± 2.4 or 46.5 ± 2.7 [12] [a]	6±0.2 [13]	1,170–1,480	2.79 [13]
Betelgeuse	408 [14] –548+90 −49 [15]	M1-M2Ia-ab [16]	640 [17]  –764+116 −62 [15]	14 [15] – 19 [15]	87,100+20,500 −11,200 [15]	0.5 [18] (0.0 – 1.6) [19]	The nearest non-disputed (uncontroversial) red supergiant, and the 10th brightest star in the night sky.
α Trianguli Australis	420±32 [20]	K2Ib-IIa [20]	143 [20] [b]	7 [20]	5,500 [20]	1.91 [21]	Either a supergiant or bright giant
ζ Capricorni	442±16 [22]	G4Ib: Ba2 [16]	31±2 [23]	4.5+0.3 −0.2 [24]	561+180 −143 [24]	3.77 [25]
Polaris	447±1 [26]	F7Ib-F8Ib [27] [28]	46.27±0.42 [26]	5.13±0.28 [26]	1,260 [29]	1.98 [30] (1.86 – 2.13) [27]
Mirfak (α Persei)	510±10 [9]	F5Ib [13]	53.1+1.4 −1.45 [31]	7.3±0.3 [13]	3,786±186 [32]	1.806 [13]	35th brightest star in the night sky.
Sadalsuud (β Aquarii)	542+18 −16 [22]	G0Ib [13]	47.88+1.68 −1.81 [33]	6.4±0.3 [13]	2,046±180 [33]	2.87 [34]
Suhail (λ Velorum)	545±10 [9]	K4Ib [16]	211±6 [35]	7.0+1.5 −1.1 [35]	8,300 [35]	2.21 [34] (2.14 – 2.30) [36]
Antares	554±94 [9]	M1.5Iab-Ib [16]	680 [37]	11 [37]  –16 [14]	75,900+53,000 −31,200 [38]	0.6 –1.6 [39]	15th brightest star in the night sky.
κ Pavonis	590±30 [40]	F5-G5 I-II [41]	19–25 [42]		565 [43]	4.35 [44] (3.91 - 4.78) [45]
Saiph	650±30 [9]	B0.5Ia [46]	14 [47]	15.5±1.25 [48]	60,300+10,500 −9,000 [47]	2.09 [49]	The closest blue supergiant.
Enif (ε Pegasi)	690±20 [9]	K2Ib-II [16]	178 [32]	11– 12 [14]	8,508±596 [32]	2.399 [9] (2.37 – 2.45) [50]
Sadalmelik (α Aquarii)	691+38 −56 [22]	G2Ib [13]	70 [51] [c]	6.5±0.3 [13]		2.942 [53]
β Arae	714+39 −34 [22]	K3Ib-II [54]	141.4±6.6 [55]	8.21 [56]	5,774±535 [55]	2.84 [57]
ζ Persei	750±30 [9] to 1,300±200 [58]	B1Ib [59]	16.7 [48] [d] to 26.1 [60]	14.5±1.9 [48]	47,000 [48]	2.86 [61]
Aspidiske (ι Carinae)	770±20 [9]	A7Ib [62]	46.4–50.1 [63]	6.9 [63]	4,900 [64]	2.21 [57]
Ahadi (π Puppis)	810±70 [9]	K3Ib [65]	235 [32]	11.7 [66]	11,380 [32]	2.733 [67]
Rigel	848±65 [68]	B8Ia [69]	74.1+6.1 −7.3 [33]	21±3 [70]	120,000+25,000 −21,000 [71]	0.13 [4] (0.05 – 0.18) [72]	7th brightest star in the night sky.
χ Aquilae	854±114 [9]	G8Ib [73]	23.3 [32]		443 [32]	5.8 [73]
ζ Aurigae A	860±10 [74]	K5Ib [35]	148±3 [75]	5.8±0.2 [75]	4,786 [35]	3.751 [76] (3.70 –3.97) [45]	Sometimes considered a red supergiant; [1] possible bright giant [77]
Mebsuta (ε Geminorum)	861+52 −39 [22]	G8Ib [78]	130.2+5.5 −6 [33]	5.29±0.4 [33]	6,980 [79]	3.06 [80]
β Camelopardalis	870±50 [9]	G1Ib–IIa [13]	58±13 [81]	6.5±0.4 [13]	1,530+300 −250 [79]	4.02 [4]
η Aquilae A	885.8+41.7 −45.0, [22] 1010±33 [82]	F6Ib–G4Ib [83]	59±2 [82]	5.7 [84]	3,368±195 [82]	3.48 –4.33 [85]
δ Cephei A	887±26 [86] [87]	F5Ib-G1Ib [88] [89]	46.07+1.9 −2.1 [31]	5.26+1.26 −1.40 [90]	1,949±107 [82]	3.48 – 4.37 [88]	Protoype of the Classical Cepheid variable stars.
ζ Cephei	993+51 −46 [22]	K1.5Ib [46]	172.7+7.5 −8.3 [31]	10.1±0.1 [91]	10,024±1,052 [31]	3.35 [92]
Miram (η Persei)	1,000±60 [93]	K3Ib [94]	173.1+9.69 −10.8 [52]	8±0.4 [66]	7,508±864 [52]	3.79 [4]
β Doradus	1,040±50 [95]  –1,140±13 [96]	F4-G4Ia-II [97] [98]	67.8±0.7 [96]	7.7±0.2 [66]	3,200 [99]	3.46 – 4.08 [97]
Naos (ζ Puppis)	1,080±40 [9]	O4If(n)p [100]	13.5±0.2 [101]	25.3±5.3 [101]	446,700+66,200 −57,600 [101]	2.24 – 2.26 [102]

Notes

1. Applying the Stefan–Boltzmann law with a nominal solar effective temperature of 5,772  K:

   ${\displaystyle {\sqrt {{\biggl (}{\frac {5,772}{5,250}}{\biggr )}^{4}\cdot 10^{3.07}}}=41.4\ R_{\odot }}$${\displaystyle {\sqrt {{\biggl (}{\frac {5,772}{5,250}}{\biggr )}^{4}\cdot 10^{3.17}}}=46.4\ R_{\odot }}$.

2. Applying the Stefan–Boltzmann law with a nominal solar effective temperature of 5,772  K :

   ${\displaystyle {\sqrt {(5772/4,150)^{4}*5,500}}=143.46\ R\odot }$

3. Using Alpha Aquarii's measured angular diameter at 3.066±0.036 milliarcseconds (mas), ^[52] together with its distance to Earth of 211.9 parsecs (or 691 light-years), ^[22] its physical size can be calculated. It is divided by 0.0046491 to convert to AU from 2 R_☉, and the given value is divided by 2 to convert to the Sun's radius.
4. Applying the Stefan–Boltzmann law with a nominal solar effective temperature of 5,772  K:

   ${\displaystyle {\sqrt {{\biggl (}{\frac {5,772}{20,800}}{\biggr )}^{4}\cdot 47,039}}=16.7\ R_{\odot }}$.

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External links

• Samus NN, Kazarovets EV, Durlevich OV, Kireeva NN, Pastukhova EN (2017). "General Catalogue of Variable Stars: Version GCVS 5.1". Astronomy Reports. 61 (1): 80–88. Bibcode:2017ARep...61...80S. doi:10.1134/S1063772917010085. ISSN   1063-7729. S2CID   255195566.