This is a list of the parliaments, general councils and conventions of the Estates of the Kingdom of Scotland .
Monarch | Date | Place | Type of meeting |
---|---|---|---|
Margaret | 17 March 1290 | Birgham | Colloquium |
John Balliol | 9 February 1293 | Scone | Parliament |
2 August 1293 | Stirling | ||
Robert I | 16 March 1309 | St Andrews | |
1312, c. 7 April | Inchture | ||
29 October 1312 | Inverness | Council | |
6 November 1314 | Cambuskenneth | Parliament | |
1316, c. 3 March | Edinburgh | ?Parliament | |
4 April 1317 | Stirling | Council | |
14 June 1317 | Scone | ||
3 December 1318 | Parliament | ||
10 December 1319 | Berwick | Council | |
6 April 1320 | Arbroath | Parliament | |
1320, August? | Scone | ||
9 July 1321 | Perth | ||
7 June 1323 | Berwick | Council | |
25 July, (?)23 August 1323 | Scone | Parliament | |
7 November 1324 | Berwick | Council | |
26 March 1326 | Scone | Parliament | |
15 July 1326 | Cambuskenneth | ||
28 February 1328 | Edinburgh | ||
David II | 29 March 1330 | Perth | |
26 November 1331 | Scone | ||
9 February 1334 | Edinburgh | ||
April? 1335 | Dairsie | ||
24 October 1339 | Perth | ||
17, 22, 24 September 1341 | Scone | ||
14, 21 February 1342 | Aberdeen | Council | |
18 June 1342 | Restennet | ||
7 June 1344 | Scone | Parliament | |
12 April 1345 | Edinburgh | Council | |
3 May 1346 | Perth | ||
12 November 1347 | Dundee | ||
1 April 1354 | Inverkeithing | ||
17 January 1357 | Perth | ||
26 September 1357 | Edinburgh | General Council | |
6, 10, 11 November 1357 | Scone | Council | |
20 January, 6 February 1358 | Edinburgh | ||
12 March 1358 | Perth | ||
31 August 1358 | Edinburgh | ||
12 November 1358 | Scone | Parliament | |
5 April 1359 | Dundee | Council | |
3, 26 October 1359 | Scone | Parliament | |
12 April 1360 | Perth | Council | |
16 November 1360 | Edinburgh | ||
12 September 1362 | Aberdeen | ||
4 March 1364 | Scone | Parliament | |
11, 13 January 1365 | Perth | General Council | |
24 July 1365 | Council | ||
14 January 1366 | |||
8 May 1366 | Holyrood | ||
20, 27 July 1366 | Scone | Parliament | |
16 January 1367 | Perth | Council | |
27 September, 3, 26 October 1367 | Scone | Parliament | |
17 February 1368 | Edinburgh | Council | |
12, 22 June 1368 | Scone | Parliament | |
9 December 1368 | Perth | Council | |
6 March 1369 | Parliament | ||
16 September (?)1369 | Edinburgh | Council | |
18 February 1370 | Perth | Parliament | |
23 October 1370 | |||
Robert II | 26, 27 March 1371 | Scone | |
2, 9 March 1372 | |||
7 October 1372 | Stirling | Council | |
3, 4 April 1373 | Scone | Parliament | |
19 October 1378 | |||
6, 7 June 1382 | Perth | General Council | |
22 October 1382 | Scone | Parliament | |
21 September 1384 | Glasgow | Council | |
1384, November? | Holyrood | ||
28 February 1385 | Stirling | ||
1385, April? | Edinburgh | General Council | |
17 June 1385 | |||
18 August 1388 | Linlithgow | ||
1, 11 December 1388 | Edinburgh | ||
29 March (?)1389 | Scone | Parliament | |
1389, March? | Holyrood | ||
Robert III | 8 August 1390 | Scone | Council |
7, 18 March 1391 | Parliament | ||
25, 26 March 1392 | Perth | General Council | |
24 October 1393 | |||
8 March 1394 | Scone | Parliament | |
31 August 1394 | Edinburgh | General Council | |
11 October 1395 | Stirling | ||
1397? | |||
22 April 1398 | Perth | ||
27 January 1399 | |||
20 November 1399 | Linlithgow | ||
10 February 1400 | Edinburgh | Parliament | |
21, 28 February 1401 | Scone | ||
12 May 1401 | Linlithgow | ? | |
April 1401, April 1402 | Scone | Parliament | |
16 May 1402 | Edinburgh | General Council | |
28 April 1404 | Linlithgow | ||
James I | July 1404, March 1406 | Perth | Parliament |
June? 1406 | General Council | ||
March 1408, May 1409 | |||
20 July 1408 | Council | ||
May? 1409 | General Council | ||
14 March 1410 | Holyrood | ||
13 March 1411 | Edinburgh | ||
Autumn? 1411 | ? | ||
Autumn? 1412 | |||
17 March 1416 | Perth | ||
26 June 1417 | |||
2, 3 October 1418 | |||
1419, before 28 July | ? | (?)General Council | |
July 1420, July 1421 | General Council | ||
29 July 1422 | Stirling | ||
20 May 1423 | Perth | ||
19? August 1423 | Inverkeithing | (?)General Council | |
26 May, 1 June 1424 | Perth | Parliament | |
12, 17 March 1425 | |||
11 March, 26 May, 30 September 1426 | Perth, Edinburgh | ||
14 January 1427 | Edinburgh | ||
1 July 1427 | Perth | ||
1427/1428 | Inverness | ||
1, 5 March 1428 | Perth | General Council | |
12, 19 July 1428 | |||
26 April 1429 | Parliament | ||
1 October 1429 | General Council | ||
6, 10, 17 March 1430 | Parliament | ||
30 January, 13 February 1431 | |||
15, 16, 20 October 1431 | |||
10 March 1432 | |||
27 May 1432 | |||
10 October 1432 | |||
October? 1433 | General Council | ||
1, 2 March 1434 | Stirling | Parliament | |
10, 15 January, 24 June 1436 | Perth | ||
22 October 1436 | Edinburgh | General Council | |
4 February 1437 | Perth | ||
James II | 25 March 1437 | Edinburgh | Parliament |
6 May 1437 | Stirling | General Council | |
27 November 1438 | Edinburgh | ||
13 March 1439 | Stirling | ||
4 September 1439 | |||
20 February 1440 | Edinburgh | ||
2, 10 August 1440 | Stirling | ||
3 April 1441 | Edinburgh | ||
1 June 1441 | |||
March 1442 | Perth | ||
8 February 1443 | Stirling | ||
4 November 1443 | |||
6, 7 February 1444 | |||
14, 28 June, 2 July 1445 | Perth/Edinburgh | Parliament | |
May/July 1446 | Edinburgh | General Council | |
4 April 1449 | Stirling | ||
19 January, 2 February 1450 | Edinburgh | Parliament | |
4, 12 May 1450 | Perth | General Council | |
28 June, 8 July 1451 | Edinburgh | Parliament | |
13, 26 October 1451 | Stirling | ||
12 June, 8 July 1452 | Edinburgh | ||
26 August 1452 | |||
21 March 1453 | General Council | ||
16, 18 July 1454 | Parliament | ||
9, 17 June, 16 July 1455 | |||
4 August, 13 October 1455 | Edinburgh/Stirling | ||
19 October 1456 | Edinburgh | General Council | |
6 March 1458 | Parliament | ||
2 October 1459 | Perth | ||
4 July 1460 | Edinburgh | ||
James III | 2, 11, 14 March 1461 | ||
24 June 1462 | Aberdeen | ||
19 October 1462 | Edinburgh | ||
9 March 1463 | |||
12 October 1463 | |||
13 January 1464 | |||
11 October 1464 | (?)General Council | ||
7, 13 October 1466, 31 January 1467 | Parliament | ||
12, 15 October 1467, 12 January 1468 | Edinburgh/Stirling | ||
(?)1468 | (?)Edinburgh | ||
20, 27 November 1469 | Edinburgh | ||
6, 13 May, 2 August 1471 | |||
20 January, 17 February 1472 | |||
8 April, 23 July, 2 August 1473 | |||
11 October 1473 | |||
9 May, 6 August 1474 | |||
6 October 1474 | |||
20 November, (?)1 December 1475 | |||
1, 10 July, 4 October 1476 | |||
6 April, 1, 12 June, 22 October, 20 November 1478 | |||
1, 20 March 1479 | |||
4 October 1479, 2 April 1481, 18 March 1482 | |||
2 December 1482, 1 March, 27 June, 6 October 1483 | |||
16 February, 17 May, 11 October 1484 | |||
21 March, 9 April, 26 May 1485 | |||
1 October 1487, 11 January, 21 February 1488 | |||
James IV | 6 October 1488, 14, 26 January 1489 | ||
26 June, 4 July 1489 | |||
3, 15 February 1490 | |||
28 April, 2 August 1491 | |||
6, 20 February, 7 May 1492 | |||
8 May, 26 June 1493 | |||
27 November 1494 | |||
13 June 1496 | |||
11 March 1504, 3, 16 February 1506 | |||
8 May 1509 | |||
James V | 26 November 1513 | Perth | General Council |
8 May 1515 | Edinburgh | Parliament | |
12 July 1515 | |||
4 July 1516 | |||
13, 22 November 1516 | |||
May? 1517 | |||
24 July, (?)12 August 1522 | |||
2 September 1523 | Stirling | ||
10 May 1524 | Edinburgh | ||
14 November 1524, 15, 25 February 1525 | |||
6 July 1525, 15 January 1526 | |||
12, 25 June 1526 | |||
12, 25 November 1526 | |||
7, 10 May 1527 | |||
2 September 1528, 23 January 1529 | |||
24 April, 26 May, 9 June 1531 | |||
13, 17 May 1532 | |||
28 July 1533, 26 January 1535 | |||
7, 17 June 1535 | |||
29 April 1536 | |||
11 March 1538, 3 February, (?)8 July 1539 | |||
3 December 1540, 14 March 1541, 3 February 1543 | |||
Mary | 12, 15 March 1543 | ||
3 December 1543, 20 May 1544 | |||
6 November, 12 December 1544 | |||
26, 29 June 1545 | Stirling | Convention of Estates | |
2, 28 September 1545, 30 February, 30 July, 16 August 1546 | Edinburgh, Linlithgow | Parliament | |
10 June 1546 | Stirling | Convention of Estates | |
18 March 1547 | Edinburgh | ||
8 September 1547 | Monktonhall | ||
12 June 1548 | Edinburgh | Parliament | |
7 July 1548 | Haddington | ||
3 July 1549 | Edinburgh | Convention of Estates | |
29 May 1551 | Parliament | ||
1 February 1552 | |||
12 April 1554 | |||
20 June 1555 | |||
14 December 1557 | |||
29 November, 5 December 1558 | |||
1 August 1560 | |||
22 December 1561 | Convention of Estates | ||
4 June 1563 | Parliament | ||
15 December 1564 | |||
6 October 1566 | Convention of Estates | ||
14, 19 April 1567 | Parliament | ||
James VI | 15 December 1567, 16 August 1568, 17 November 1569 | ||
28 July, 1 August 1569 | Perth | Convention of Estates | |
12, 17 July 1570 | Edinburgh | ||
13 June 1571 | Parliament | ||
28 August 1571 | Stirling | ||
5, 7 September 1571 | Convention of Estates | ||
24, 25 November 1572 | Edinburgh | ||
26 January 1573 | Parliament | ||
30 April 1573 | Holyrood | ||
5 March 1575 | Convention of Estates | ||
8 March, 31 August 1578 | Stirling | ||
12 June 1578 | |||
15, 25 July 1578 | Parliament | ||
16 July 1578 | Convention of Estates | ||
15 November 1578 | |||
15, 25 January 1579 | |||
10, 25 March 1579 | Parliament | ||
12, 21 March 1579 | Convention of Estates | ||
7, 8 August 1579 | |||
20 October, 11 November 1579 | Edinburgh | Parliament | |
26 February, 2 April 1581 | Holyrood | Convention of Estates | |
24 October, 29 November 1581 | Edinburgh | Parliament | |
11, 13 July 1582 | Perth | Convention of Estates | |
19 October 1582 | Holyrood | ||
19 April 1583 | |||
24 October, 8 November 1583, 19 May, 20, 22 August 1584 | Edinburgh | Parliament | |
7 December 1583 | Holyrood | Convention of Estates | |
31 July 1585 | St Andrews | ||
1, 4, 10 December 1585 | Linlithgow | Parliament | |
15 April 1586 | Holyrood | ?Convention of Estates | |
23 September 1586 | |||
20 December 1586 | Convention of Estates | ||
10, 15 May 1587 | |||
8, 29 July 1587 | Edinburgh | Parliament | |
4 April 1588 | Holyrood | Convention of Estates | |
27 July 1588 | |||
21 May 1589 | Edinburgh | ||
August 1589 | Stirling | ||
15 May 1590 | Holyrood | ||
12 June 1590 | |||
29 July 1590 | |||
6 May 1591 | Edinburgh | ||
6 August 1591 | |||
3 April, 24, 25, 29 May 1592 | Parliament | ||
20 April 1592 | ? | Convention of Estates | |
3 April, 1, 9 June, 4 July 1593 | Edinburgh | Parliament | |
11, 12 September 1593 | Stirling | Convention of Estates | |
31 October 1593 | Linlithgow | ||
12 November 1593 | Edinburgh | ||
23, 26 November 1593 | Holyrood | ||
27 December 1593, 17 January 1594 | |||
18, 21 January 1594 | Holyrood/Edinburgh | ||
22 April, 20, 30 May, 8 June 1594 | Edinburgh | Parliament | |
29 April 1594 | Convention of Estates | ||
10 September 1594 | Holyrood | ||
28, 29 November 1594 | |||
15 March 1595 | |||
22, 24, 25 May 1596 | |||
August 1596 | Falkland | ||
29 September 1596 | Dunfermline | ||
30 November 1596 | Edinburgh | ||
13 December 1596 | |||
21, 22 December 1596 | Linlithgow | ||
1 January 1597 | Edinburgh | ||
6, 7, 8 January 1597 | Holyrood | ||
3, 4, 5 March 1597 | Perth | ||
13 May 1597 | Dundee | ||
28 October 1597 | Linlithgow | ||
1 November 1597 | Edinburgh | Parliament | |
29, 30 June 1598 | Holyrood | Convention of Estates | |
17 August 1598 | Dalkeith | ||
30 October 1598 | ? | ||
14 December 1598 | Holyrood | ||
1 February 1599 | |||
2 March 1599 | |||
18? May 1599 | |||
31 July 1599 | Falkland | ||
11, 14 December 1599 | Holyrood | ||
27 March 1600 | Perth | ||
1, 4, 11, 15 November 1600 [1] | Edinburgh | Parliament | |
10 February 1601 | Holyrood | Convention of Estates | |
11 September 1601 | Perth | ||
2 February 1602 | Holyrood | ||
June 1602 | Perth | ||
5 July 1603 | Haddington | ||
10 April, 3, 11 July 1604 | Edinburgh/Perth | Parliament | |
7 June, 3, 9 July 1605 | |||
7 June 1605 | Edinburgh | Convention of Estates | |
18 March, 2, 11 August 1607 | Parliament | ||
10 May, 17, 24 June 1608 | |||
20 May 1608 | Convention of Estates | ||
26, 27 January 1609 | |||
12–23 October 1612 | Parliament | ||
30 April 1616 | Convention of Estates | ||
22 May 1616 | ? | ||
7 March 1617 | Edinburgh | ||
27 May–28 June 1617 | Parliament | ||
25, 26 June 1621 | Convention of Estates | ||
1 June–4 August 1621 | Parliament | ||
9 July 1623 | Convention of Estates | ||
Charles I | 27 October–2 November 1625 | ||
1628–33 | Parliament | ||
28–31 July, 2–4, 7 August 1630 | Holyrood | Convention of Estates | |
15 May 1639 – 17 November 1641 | Edinburgh | Parliament | |
22 June 1643 – 24 May 1644 | Convention of Estates | ||
4 June 1644 – 27 March 1647 | Edinburgh, Stirling, Perth, St Andrews | Parliament | |
2 March 1648 – 6 June 1651 | Edinburgh, Perth, Stirling | ||
Charles II | 1 January 1661 – 9 October 1663 | Edinburgh | |
2–4 August 1665 | Convention of Estates | ||
9–23 January 1667 | |||
19 October 1669 – 3 March 1674 | Parliament | ||
26 June–11 July 1678 | Convention of Estates | ||
28 July, 17 September 1681, 1 March 1682 | Parliament | ||
James VII | 23 April 1685 – 16 August 1686 | ||
William and Mary | 14 March 1689 | Convention of Estates | |
5 June 1689 – 18 August 1702 | Parliament | ||
Anne | 6 May 1703 – 25 March 1707 |
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjacent islands, principally in the archipelagos of the Hebrides and the Northern Isles. To the south-east, Scotland has its only land border, which is 96 miles (154 km) long and shared with England; the country is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, the North Sea to the north-east and east, and the Irish Sea to the south. The population in 2022 was 5,436,600 and accounts for 8% of the population of the UK. Edinburgh is the capital and Glasgow is the largest of the cities of Scotland.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. It includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and most of the smaller islands within the British Isles. Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea, and the Irish Sea. The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,354 square miles (244,376 km2), with an estimated population of nearly 67.6 million people in 2022.
The politics of the United Kingdom functions within a constitutional monarchy where executive power is delegated by legislation and social conventions to a unitary parliamentary democracy. From this a hereditary monarch, currently King Charles III, serves as head of state while the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, currently Rishi Sunak since 2022, serves as the elected head of government.
The Scottish Parliament is the devolved, unicameral legislature of Scotland. Located in the Holyrood area of the capital city, Edinburgh, it is frequently referred to by the metonym Holyrood. The Parliament is a democratically elected body comprising 129 members known as Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs), elected for five-year terms under the regionalised form of additional member system (MMP): 73 MSPs represent individual geographical constituencies elected by the plurality (first-past-the-post) system, while a further 56 are returned as list members from eight additional member regions. Each region elects seven party-list MSPs. Each region elects 15 to 17 MSPs in total. The most recent general election to the Parliament was held on 6 May 2021, with the Scottish National Party winning a plurality.
The politics of Edinburgh are expressed in the deliberations and decisions of the City of Edinburgh Council, in elections to the council, the Scottish Parliament and the UK Parliament.
The Scotland Act 1998 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which legislated for the establishment of the devolved Scottish Parliament with tax varying powers and the Scottish Government. It was one of the most significant constitutional pieces of legislation to be passed by the UK Parliament between the passing of the European Communities Act in 1972 and the European Union (Withdrawal) Act in 2018 and is the most significant piece of legislation to affect Scotland since the Acts of Union in 1707 which ratified the Treaty of Union and led to the disbandment of the Parliament of Scotland.
The politics of Scotland operate within the constitution of the United Kingdom, of which Scotland is a country. Scotland is a democracy, being represented in both the Scottish Parliament and the Parliament of the United Kingdom since the Scotland Act 1998. Most executive power is exercised by the Scottish Government, led by the First Minister of Scotland, the head of government in a multi-party system. The judiciary of Scotland, dealing with Scots law, is independent of the legislature and the Scottish Government. Scots law is primarily determined by the Scottish Parliament. The Scottish Government shares some executive powers with the Scotland Office, a British government department led by the Secretary of State for Scotland.
The first minister of Scotland is the head of the Scottish Government and is the keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland. The first minister chairs the Scottish Cabinet and is primarily responsible for the formulation, development and presentation of Scottish Government policy. Additional functions of the first minister include promoting and representing Scotland in an official capacity, at home and abroad.
The Lord President of the Court of Session and Lord Justice General is the most senior judge in Scotland, the head of the judiciary, and the presiding judge of the College of Justice, the Court of Session, and the High Court of Justiciary. The Lord President holds the title of Lord Justice General of Scotland and the head of the High Court of Justiciary ex officio, as the two offices were combined in 1836. The Lord President has authority over any court established under Scots law, except for the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and the Court of the Lord Lyon.
In the United Kingdom, the boundary commissions are non-departmental public bodies responsible for determining the boundaries of parliamentary constituencies for elections to the House of Commons. There are four boundary commissions: one each for England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
In the United Kingdom (UK), each of the electoral areas or divisions called constituencies elects one member to the House of Commons.
Scotland was a constituency of the European Parliament created in 1999. It elected between eight and six MEPs using the D'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation every five years from 1999 until 2020. The constituency was abolished after the United Kingdom left the European Union on 31 January 2020.
In the United Kingdom, devolved matters are the areas of public policy where the Parliament of the United Kingdom has devolved its legislative power to the national legislatures of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, while reserved matters and excepted matters are the areas where the UK Parliament retains exclusive power to legislate.
Scotland has elections to several bodies: the Scottish Parliament, the United Kingdom Parliament, local councils and community councils. Before the United Kingdom left the European Union, Scotland elected members to the European Parliament.
Since 1922, the United Kingdom has been made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The UK Prime Minister's website has used the phrase "countries within a country" to describe the United Kingdom. Some statistical summaries, such as those for the twelve NUTS 1 regions of the UK, refer to Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales as "regions". With regard to Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales particularly, the descriptive name one uses "can be controversial, with the choice often revealing one's political preferences".
Scots law is the legal system of Scotland. It is a hybrid or mixed legal system containing civil law and common law elements, that traces its roots to a number of different historical sources. Together with English law and Northern Irish law, it is one of the three legal systems of the United Kingdom. Scots law recognises four sources of law: legislation, legal precedent, specific academic writings, and custom. Legislation affecting Scotland and Scots law is passed by the Scottish Parliament on all areas of devolved responsibility, and the United Kingdom Parliament on reserved matters. Some legislation passed by the pre-1707 Parliament of Scotland is still also valid.