It has been suggested that List of state-owned enterprises of Egypt be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since August 2024. |
In 1952 Egypt’s private sector accounted for 76 percent of economic investment. Following the nationalization plans carried out by President Gamal Abdel Nasser in the effort to build a post-independence socialist state, this percentage drastically shifted within a few decades to government investment accounting for over 80 percent of economic investment. [1] This figure included all banking, insurance, foreign trade, medium and heavy industry air transport, and public utilities, as well as many retail stores, newspapers, maritime transport, construction companies, and large infrastructure assets.
By the late 1970s, president Sadat shifted Egypt to the Infitah , or an 'open door' liberal policy. However, despite a number of rounds of privatisation stipulated by the IMF and World Bank Economic Reform and Structural Adjustment Program (ERSAP) in the 1990s, that saw over 400 companies privatized, by 2015 there were 52 economic authorities, 102 service authorities, and 146 state-owned enterprises that were affiliated with nine holding companies. [1] 30 Service authorities depend on recapitalization or operate on a subsidized business model. SOEs either are under specific ministries or are companies wholly or majority controlled by the state and operating under the authority of line ministries. These are mainly companies considered “strategic" in sectors such as electricity, aviation, banks, housing, petroleum, agriculture, textile, chemical industry, mining industry, transport, construction, tourism, pharmaceutical, and food processing holdings. [1]
The following is a list of key state-owned enterprises in Egypt, and a number of their subsidiaries.
Egyptair is the state-owned flag carrier of Egypt. The airline is headquartered at Cairo International Airport, its main hub, operating scheduled passenger and freight services to 81 destinations in Africa, Europe, Asia, and The Americas. Egyptair is a member of Star Alliance.
Cairo Governorate is one of the 27 governorates of Egypt. It is formed of the city of Cairo, both the national capital of Egypt and the governorate's, in addition to five satellite cities: the New Administrative Capital - set to become the seat of national government, New Cairo, Shourok, Badr, Capital Gardens, and 15th of May. These cities form almost half of the Greater Cairo metropolitan area by population.
Cairo International Airport is the principal international airport of Cairo and the largest and busiest airport in Egypt. It serves as the primary hub for Egyptair and Nile Air as well as several other airlines. The airport is located in Heliopolis, to the northeast of Cairo around fifteen kilometres from the business area of the city and has an area of approximately 37 km2 (14 sq mi). It is the busiest airport in Africa and one of the busiest airports in the Middle East in terms of total passengers.
Al Jazeera Mubasher is a public affairs television network launched by Al Jazeera Media Network originally on April 15, 2005. As such, it is an Arabic channel based in Doha, Qatar that broadcasts conferences and other events live without editing or commentary, using subtitles when translation is needed. The channel is also sometimes referred to as Al Jazeera Live, as Mubasher is an Arabic word for Live and Al-‘Amma is Arabic for General. The channel was formerly called just Al Jazeera Mubasher.
The military industry of Egypt produces defense and security products including small arms, armored vehicles, and naval vessels for the Egyptian Armed Forces. Equipment is also exported. Egypt has co-production agreements with several countries, including the United States and France.
The Arab Organization for Industrialization (AOI) is an Egypt-based Arab military organization established in 1975 by Egypt, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Qatar to supervise the collective development of the Arab defense industry. Following a gradual deterioration in relations between the AOI member-states, Egypt became sole owner of AOI in 1993. As well as meeting the requirements of the Egyptian military, AOI directs spare capacity to civilian programmes, including civilian transport and sanitation equipment; additionally, AOI has stated its intention of entering the wind power sector.
Ezz Steel is the largest steel company in Egypt, the Middle East and North Africa Region. It was founded in 1994 by Ahmed Ezz, an entrepreneur and former National Democratic Party MP, who was tried for profiteering and squandering public funds after the 2011 revolution, in a case that was settled for $96 million in 2018. In 1999, Ezz Steel was listed on the Egyptian Exchange under the ticker symbol ESRS, and has depositary receipts listed on the London Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol AEZD. As of March 2023, Ahmed Ezz owned 60.71% of Ezz Steel through his Ezz Holding Company, while the Bank of New York Mellon held 5.82% of the company. Currently, Ezz Steel is listed as number 6 in Forbes' Top 50 Listed Companies in Egypt 2023.
The Misr Spinning and Weaving Company is a large textile company located in El-Mahalla El-Kubra within the Nile Delta of Egypt, approximately 80 kilometers north of Cairo. It is a state-owned enterprise held by the Holding Company for Cotton, Spinning, Weaving and Garments. Egypt's largest industrial facility employs over 25,000 workers, many of whom have played an active role in Egyptian labor struggles. Large protests and strikes at Misr Spinning and Weaving since 2006 contributed to the collapse of the Mubarak government, the 2011 Egyptian revolution, and the Arab Spring more generally.
The Egyptian Ministry of Military Production is responsible for managing the development and operation of military factories in the Egyptian Republic and now chaired by Major General Mahammad Salah el-Din Mostafa, who took over the ministry within the ministry of Mostafa Madbouly in 14 August 2022.
The 2018–19 El Entag El Harby season was the 14th season in the football club's history and 4th consecutive and 7th overall season in the top flight of Egyptian football, the Egyptian Premier League, having been promoted from the Egyptian Second Division in 2015. In addition to the domestic league, El Entag El Harby also competed in this season's editions of the domestic cup, the Egypt Cup. The season covered a period from 1 July 2018 to 30 June 2019.
Joseph Aslan Cattaui Pasha was an Egyptian businessman and politician, who served as President of the Jewish community of Cairo from 1924 until his death in 1942.
The Housing and Development Bank is an Egyptian bank established in Cairo on June 30, 1979, originally as a state owned enterprise (SOE), with a mandate to alleviate housing shortages by narrowing the gap between the low supply and increasing demand. The bank has since been traded on the Egyptian Stock Exchange (EGX) and has the Reuters code HDBK.CA. The bank is a joint-stock company, where at the end of 2021 Egyptian SOEs owned the majority of shares in addition to significant holdings by Saudi Arabian businessmen Abdelmoniem al-Rashed and Ali Dayekh through their Dubai based companies Rolaco EGB Investment LLC 10.00% and Rimco EGT Investment LLC 9.80% respectively. At the end of 2022 HDBK had a market capitalization of £E9.2 billion. Currently, HDB is listed as number 17 in Forbes' Top 50 Listed Companies in Egypt 2023.
The Armoured Production and Repair Factory or Military Factory 200 is an Egyptian government joint-stock company, one of the companies of the National Authority for Military Production, affiliated with the Ministry of Military Production. It was established in 1987 in the Abu Zaabal area of Qalyubia Governorate on an area of 2.5 million square metres, as a result of the agreement concluded between the Egyptian government and the United States government for the joint production of the American M1A1 Abrams main battle tank, where the first tank was produced at the factory in 1992, and the factory continued production until it produced more than 1,000 tanks of this type for the Egyptian Armed Forces.
The National Authority for Military Production or National Organisation for Military Production (Egyptian Arabic: الهيئة القومية للإنتاج الحربي) is an Egyptian body with a legal personality affiliated with the Ministry of Military Production. It was established pursuant to Law No. 6 of 1984 to become one of the pillars of the military industry in Egypt through its supervision of military factories. It was previously called the (Egyptian General Organisation for Military Factories and Aircraft Industry) before changing to its current name.
The Abu Zaabal Engineering Industries Company or Military Factory 100, is an Egyptian government joint-stock company, one of the companies of the National Authority for Military Production affiliated with the Ministry of Military Production. It was established in 1974 and reopened in 1983 in the Abu Zaabal area of Qalyubia Governorate on an area of approximately 730 acres with the aim of securing the needs of the Egyptian Armed Forces for types of artillery.
The Abu Zaabal Specialized Industries Company or Military Factory 300 is an Egyptian government joint-stock company, one of the companies of the National Authority for Military Production affiliated with the Ministry of Military Production, established by Resolution of the Minister of Military Production No. 37 of 2016, located in the Abu Zaabal area in Qalyubia Governorate, on an area of 371 acres, works in the field of producing small and medium weapons and ammunition of various types.
The Abu Zaabal Specialized Chemicals Company or Military Factory 18, is an Egyptian government joint-stock company, one of the companies of the National Authority for Military Production affiliated with the Ministry of Military Production. It was established in 1950 in the Abu Zaabal area in Qalyubia Governorate. It works in the field of military and civilian industries.
Mahmoud Hamada Awad, is an Egyptian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Al Masry and the Egypt national team.
The Al-Maasara Engineering Industries Company or Military Factory 45 is an Egyptian government joint-stock company, one of the companies of the National Authority for Military Production affiliated with the Ministry of Military Production. It was established in 1952 on an area of 97 acres in the al-Maasara area in Helwan, Cairo Governorate and was opened on 4 August 1954, in order to produce ammunition of various types for the benefit of the Egyptian Armed Forces, it is currently working in the field of producing meters for electricity, water, natural gas, chemicals for civil works, and light metal industries.