List of sultans of Malwa

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Sultan of Malwa
Unknown Indian - Baz Bahadur Riding with Rupmati - Google Art Project.jpg
Last to reign
Baz Bahadur
1555–1562
Details
First monarch Dilawar Khan
Last monarch Baz Bahadur
Formation1401
Abolition1562
Appointer Hereditary

Sultan of the Malwa Sultanate was the principal title of the ruler of the Malwa Sultanate (1401–1561/2) in the Indian subcontinent. [1] [2] The Sultanate was founded by Dilawar Khan, an Afghan or a Turko-Afghan [3] governor of the Delhi Sultanate. [4] In 1437, the Ghurid dynasty of Dilawar Khan was replaced by the Turko-Afghan Khalji dynasty, which was related to the Khalji dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. [5] [6] [7]

Contents

Sultan of the Malwa Sultanate

Royal TitlePersonal nameReign
Dilawar Khan was appointed as the governor of Malwa province in 1392 by the Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate. He declared himself independent in 1401 by establishing Malwa Sultanate. He was the first Sultan of Malwa from Ghurid dynasty. [8]
Sultan
سلطان
Dilawar Khan Ghuri
دلاور خان غوری
1401–1406
Sultan
سلطان
Husam-ud-Din Hoshang Shah
حسام الدین ہوشنگ شاہ
1406–1435
Sultan
سلطان
Taj-ud-Din Muhammad Shah
تاج الدین محمد شاہ
1435–1436
Ghurid dynasty replaced by Khilji dynasty [8]
Sultan
سلطان
Ala-ud-Din Mahmud Shah I
علاؤالدین محمود شاہ اول
1436–1469
Sultan
سلطان
Ghiyas-ud-Din Shah
غیاث الدین شاہ
1469–1500
Sultan
سلطان
Nasir-ud-Din Shah
ناصر الدین شاہ
1500–1510
Sultan
سلطان
Shihab-ud-Din Mahmud Shah II
شہاب الدین محمود شاہ دوئم
1510–1519
The Rajput ruler of Mewar Maharana Sanga defeated and imprisoned Mahmud Shah II and conquered most of Malwa. [9] [10]
Raja Medini Rai [11]

(ruled as a vassal of Rana Sanga)

1519–1527
The interregnum; as the Sultan of Gujarat Bahadur Shah defeated Mahmud Shah II and himself reigned as the Sultan of Malwa. [12]
Sultan
سلطان
Bahadur Shah
بہادر شاہ
1531 – 1537
Mughal Emperor Humayun defeated Sultan Bahadur Shah and briefly occupied Malwa for a year in between 1535-1536. [13]
1537-1555; era of semi-independent governors of Sur Empire.
Wali
ولی
Shuja’at Khan
شجاعت خان
1537 – 1542
Wali
ولی
Isa Khan
عیسیٰ خان
1542 – 1545
Wali
ولی
Shuja’at Khan
شجاعت خان
1545 – 1552
Sultan
سلطان
Baz Bahadur
باز بہادر
1555 – 1561/2
Malwa Sultanate was abolished in 1562 after Baz Bahadur's defeat against Mughal army. [13]

Family tree

Ghurid Dynasty

Khalji Dynasty

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rana Sanga</span> Maharana of Mewar from 1509–1528

Sangram Singh I, commonly known as Rana Sanga, was the Rana of Mewar from 1508 to 1528 CE. A member of the Sisodia dynasty, he controlled parts of present-day Rajasthan, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh with his capital at Chittor. His reign was admired by several of his contemporaries, including the first Mughal Emperor Babur, who described him as the "greatest Indian ruler" of that time. The Mughal historian Abd al-Qadir Badayuni called Sanga the bravest of all Rajputs along with Prithviraj Chauhan also known as Rai Pithaura.

The Sisodia was an Indian royal dynasty belonging to the clan that ruled over the Kingdom of Mewar, in the region of Mewar in Rajasthan. The name of the clan is also transliterated as Sesodia, Shishodia, Sishodia, Shishodya, Sisodya, Sisodiya, Sisodia.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Khalji dynasty</span> 1290–1320 Turco-Afghan dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate

The Khalji or Khilji dynasty was a Turco-Afghan dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate for three decades between 1290 and 1320. It was the second dynasty to rule the Delhi Sultanate which covered large swaths of the Indian subcontinent. It was founded by Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji.

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Raja Shiladitya Tomar, also called Silhadi Tomar, was a chieftain of northeast Malwa in the early decades of 16th century India. He become vassal of Sanga of Mewar and remain as an ally and Sanga helped him and Medini Rai in various battles and in conquering Malwa from Sultans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dilawar Khan</span> Sultan of Malwa

Dilawar Khan was a governor of the Malwa province of Central India appointed by the Delhi Sultan in 1392 and he later became the first Sultan of the Malwa Sultanate during the decline of the Delhi Sultanate. After serving at the court in Delhi, he was appointed governor at Dhar in A.H. 793/C.E. 1390–91. Dilawar Khan took the title of 'Amid Shāh Dā'ūd and caused the khutba to be read in his name in A.H. 804/C.E. 1401–02, declaring himself independent and establishing the Malwa Sultanate. He passed his kingdom – the Malwa Sultanate – to his son Hoshang Shah upon his death in A.H. 809/C.E. 1406.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chittor Fort</span> Historic fort in Rajasthan, India

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malwa Sultanate</span> Late medieval kingdom in northern India (1401–1562)

The Malwa Sultanate was a late medieval kingdom in the Malwa region, covering the present day Indian states of Madhya Pradesh and south-eastern Rajasthan from 1401 to 1562. It was founded by Dilawar Khan, who following Timur's invasion and the disintegration of the Delhi Sultanate, in 1401, made Malwa an independent realm.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gujarat Sultanate</span> Late medieval kingdom in India (1394–1573)

The Gujarat Sultanate or Sultanate of Guzerat was a late medieval Islamic Indian kingdom in Western India, primarily in the present-day state of Gujarat. The kingdom was established in 1394 when Muzaffar Shah I, the Governor of Gujarat, declared independence from the Tughlaq dynasty of Delhi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kingdom of Mewar</span> Former kingdom in the Indian subcontinent

The Kingdom of Mewar was an independent kingdom that existed in the Rajputana region of the Indian subcontinent and later became a dominant state in medieval India. The kingdom was initially founded and ruled by the Guhila dynasty followed by the Sisodiya Dynasty. The kingdom came to be known as the Udaipur State after it became a princely state in the nineteenth century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Chanderi</span> 1528 battle

The Battle of Chanderi or Siege of Chanderi took place in the aftermath of the Battle of Khanwa in which the Mughal Emperor Babur had defeated the Rajput Confederacy and firmly establish Mughal rule while crushing regrowing Rajput powers as the battle was fought for supremacy of Northern India between Rajputs and Mughals. On receiving news that Rana Sanga had renewed war preparations to renew the conflict with him, Babur decided to isolate the Rana by inflicting a military defeat on one of his vassals Medini Rai who was the ruler of Malwa. Consequently, in December 1527, taking a circumlocutious route Babur marched to the fortress of Chanderi in Malwa which was the capital of the kingdom of Malwa. Upon reaching Chanderi, on 20 January 1528, Babur offered Shamsabad to Medini Rai in exchange for Chanderi as a peace overture but the offer was rejected by Rai.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Medini Rai</span> Indian ruler (d. 1528)

Medini Rai was a vassal of Sisodia king Rana Sanga. He ruled much of the Malwa under the lordship of Rana Sanga, who helped him in defeating Sultan of Malwa and conquering Malwa, Chanderi was his capital.

The Khalji dynasty was the first Muslim dynasty to rule the Bengal region in the Indian subcontinent. The dynasty, which hailed from the Garmsir region of present-day Afghanistan, was founded in 1204 by Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji, a Muslim Turko-Afghan general of the Ghurid Empire. The Khaljis initially pledged allegiance to Sultan Muhammad of Ghor until his death in 1206, though their rule in Bengal was mostly independent. Under the rule of Iwaz Khalji, Bengal experienced major developments such as its first naval force, flood defence systems and linkage with the Grand Trunk Road. The dynasty was based in the city of Lakhnauti in northern Bengal, later expanding eastwards and southwards. Nasiruddin Mahmud, the son of Mamluk sultan Iltutmish of Delhi managed to conquer Bengal in 1227; although the Khaljis briefly reasserted their independence, they surrendered to the Mamluks in 1231, who replaced them with a series of regional governors.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mewar–Malwa conflicts</span> Military conflict between the Kingdoms of Mewar and Malwa

The Mewar–Malwa conflicts were a series of wars between the Kingdom of Mewar and the Sultanate of Malwa. The conflict erupted due to mutual territorial expansion triggered by both sides on each other. The war was fought in the modern-day regions of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. The Rana branch of the Guhilas, following their successful recovery of the Rajput stronghold of Chittorgarh and the entire region of Mewar alongside Rajputana after the Battle of Singoli, embarked on an ambitious expansion at the cost of their neighbouring kingdoms. On the other side, with the invasion of Timur, the Delhi Sultanate grew weak and many of its provinces gained independence which included Malwa, adjacent to Mewar.

References

  1. Singh, V. P. (1 January 2014). Flora of Madhya Pradesh (Western Part). Scientific Publishers. ISBN   978-93-86237-33-0.
  2. "Malwa Sultanate, Amirs of Sind -". Archived from the original on 28 August 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  3. Keay, John (12 April 2011). India: A History. Open Road + Grove/Atlantic. ISBN   978-0-8021-9550-0.
  4. Haig, T.W. & Islam, Riazul (1991). "Mālwā" . In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VI: Mahk–Mid. Leiden: E. J. Brill. ISBN   978-90-04-08112-3.
  5. Wink, André (2004). Indo-Islamic society: 14th - 15th centuries. BRILL. p. 140. ISBN   90-04-13561-8. The Subsequent Khalji dynasty (1436-1531) had the same origin as the Khalji dynasty of Delhi...
  6. Hadi, Nabi (1995). Dictionary of Indo-Persian Literature. Abhinav Publications. ISBN   978-81-7017-311-3. Originally he belonged to a neighborhood of Bukhara, and after much wandering across the cities of the Islamic world, at last, came to settle in Mandu, capital city of the Independent Sultans of Malwah claiming descent from the Khalji clan, the Turko-Afghan mixture.
  7. Lee, Jonathan (2019). Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present. Reaktion Books. p. 55. ISBN   9781789140101.
  8. 1 2 Day, Upendra Nath (1965). Medieval Malwa: a Political and Cultural History, 1401-1562. Delhi: Munshi Ram Manohar Lal. pp.  8–24. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
  9. Sharma, Dasharatha (1970). Lectures on Rajput History and Culture. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 27. ISBN   978-0-8426-0262-4. Early 16th century marks the rise of patriotic one eyed chief of Mewar named as Rana Sanga who defeat several of his neighbor kingdom and establish Rajput hold on Malwa first time after fall of Parmara dynasty through series of victories over Malwa,Gujarat and Delhi Sultanate.
  10. Sharma, Gopi Nath (1954). Mewar & the Mughal Emperors (1526–1707 A.D.). S.L. Agarwala. pp. 17–18.
  11. Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (2002). History of Medieval India: From 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 156. ISBN   978-81-269-0123-4.
  12. Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). The Delhi Sultanate, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.173-86
  13. 1 2 Chandra, Satish (2007). Medieval India: From Sultanat To The Mughals-Mughal Empire (1526-1748) - Part II. pp. 103–104.