Literatura Mondo (Literary World) was a literary Esperanto periodical and publishing house in Budapest, Hungary between 1922 and 1949. It became the focal point of the so-called Budapest School of Esperanto literature. It was founded by Tivadar Soros, father of the Hungarian-born American investor, billionaire and philanthropist George Soros.
The journal Literatura Mondo first appeared in Budapest in 1922. [1] Publication ceased in 1927 but was resumed in January 1931. After World War II, Literatura Mondo appeared again and was published for a further three years, from 1947 until 1949. In 1950, Literatura Mondo informed its subscribers that "due to financial obstacles, the publication of the magazine is no longer possible. In the year 1949 we have managed to produce four numbers [instead of the planned 6]."
The journal's editor from October 1922 to September 1924 was Theodor Schwarz (from 1936 known as Tivadar Soros) [2] (Teodoro Ŝvarc in Esperanto). He was succeeded by Kálmán Kalocsay who, assisted by Julio Baghy, edited the journal during its three periods of publication. [3]
Literatura Mondo also published books. These included all the works of Kálmán Kalocsay, the original works of Stellan Engholm, the first original works in book form of Lajos Tárkony, Johan Weinhengst, Eugene Aisberg and Hendrik Adamson, and the Encyclopedia of Esperanto .
Kálmán Kalocsay was a Hungarian Esperantist poet, translator, and editor who significantly influenced Esperanto culture, both in its literature and in the language itself, through his original poetry and his translations of literary works from his native Hungarian and other languages of Europe. His name is sometimes Esperantized as Kolomano Kaloĉajo, and some of his work was published under various pseudonyms, including C.E.R. Bumy, Kopar, Alex Kay, K. Stelov, Malice Pik and Peter Peneter.
Literature in the Esperanto language began before the first official publication in Esperanto in 1887: the language's creator, L. L. Zamenhof, translated poetry and prose into the language as he was developing it as a test of its completeness and expressiveness, and published several translations and a short original poem as an appendix to the first book on the language, Unua Libro. Other early speakers wrote poetry, stories, and essays in the language; Henri Vallienne was the first to write novels in Esperanto. The first female Esperanto novelist was Edith Alleyne Sinnotte with her book Lilio published in 1918. Except for a handful of poems, most of the literature from Esperanto's first two decades is now regarded as of historical interest only.
Alfred Hermann Fried was an Austrian Jewish pacifist, publicist, journalist, co-founder of the German peace movement, and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1911. Fried was also a supporter of Esperanto. He is the author of an Esperanto textbook and an Esperanto-German and German-Esperanto dictionary, first published in 1903 and republished in 1905.
Tivadar Soros was a Hungarian lawyer, author and editor. He is best known for being the father of billionaire George Soros, and engineer Paul Soros.
An Esperantido is a constructed language derived from Esperanto. Esperantido originally referred to the language which is now known as Ido. The word Esperantido contains the affix (-ido), which means a "child, young or offspring". Hence, Esperantido literally means an 'offspring or descendant of Esperanto'.
Arcaicam Esperantom, is an auxiliary sociolect for translating literature into Esperanto created to act as a fictional 'Old Esperanto', in the vein of languages such as Middle English or the use of Latin citations in modern texts.
Julio Baghy was a Hungarian actor and one of the leading authors of the Esperanto movement. He is the author of several famous novels but it is particularly in the field of poetry that he proved his mastery of Esperanto.
Encyclopedias in Esperanto are Esperanto-language encyclopedias. There have been several different attempts of creating an encyclopedia of all Esperanto topics.
Kazohinia is a novel written in Hungarian and in Esperanto by Sándor Szathmári (1897–1974). It appeared first in Hungarian (1941) and was published in Esperanto by SAT in 1958, and was republished in that language without change in 1998. Several Hungarian editions appeared over the decades, and an English translation in Budapest in 1975. In 2012, this translation first received wide distribution outside of Hungary with its publication by New Europe Books under the title Voyage to Kazohinia—in keeping with the more descriptive titles of the novel's early Hungarian editions, including Gulliver utazása Kazohiniában and Utazás Kazohiniában, and with the title of the Esperanto edition: Vojaĝo al Kazohinio.
András Petőcz is a Hungarian writer and poet.
Raymond Schwartz was a French banker and Esperanto author who wrote many poems and novels in Esperanto, as well as skits which he directed for Parisian Esperanto cabarets.
Anna Löwenstein is a British Esperantist. She worked for the World Esperanto Association 1977–1981. Under the name Anna Brennan she founded and was editor of the feminist magazine Sekso kaj Egaleco 1979–1988, and she edited the 'easy language' section of Kontakto 1983–1986. She has written some non-fiction, and two novels. Her historical novel The Stone City, was first published in English and Esperanto in 1999, and has since been translated into French (2010) and Hungarian (2014). Her second novel Morto de artisto (2008) was published in Esperanto. She is well known as a journalist, teacher and activist in the Esperanto movement, and has been a member of the Academy of Esperanto since 2001.
Jenny Weleminsky was a German-speaking Esperantist and translator who was born in Thalheim, Lower Austria and brought up there and in Vienna. Some of her translations of works by Franz Grillparzer and other notable Austrian writers were published in the literary magazine Literatura Mondo , which became home to an influential group of authors collectively known as Budapeŝto skolo, the Budapest school of Esperanto literature.
Jesús Abel Montagut i Masip (Catalan pronunciation:[ʒəˈzuzəˈβɛlmuntəˈɣutiməˈsip]; born 1953 in Llardecans, commonly known as Abel Montagut, is a Catalan translator and author of both Catalan and Esperanto. Concise Encyclopedia of the Original Literature of Esperanto informs us that Montagut studied Romance Philology and also learnt Esperanto. He taught Catalan language and literature as a secondary-school teacher alongside writing in Catalan and in Esperanto. His works have “appeared in the periodicals Esperanto, Literatura Foiro, Fonto, La Gazeto, Kataluna Esperantisto and others [and] he has twice been honored for his stories in Catalan literary competitions.” In 1993 he published Poemo de Utnoa, an epic inspired by various works including: Epic of Gilgamesh, Ramayana, The Bible, Iliad, The Odyssey, Aeneid, etc. According to the Concise Encyclopedia of the Original Literature of Esperanto “Montagut’s epic Poemo de Utnoa [Utnoa’s Poem], consisting of seven cantos in over 7,000 lines, was called by William Auld : “The first truly remarcable epic science-fiction poem in the world, and one of the very few modern epics.”
Paul Soros was a Hungarian-born American mechanical engineer, inventor, businessman and philanthropist. Soros founded Soros Associates, which designs and develops bulk handling and port facilities. Soros Associates currently operates in ninety-one countries worldwide, as of 2013. Paul Soros, often called "the invisible Soros", was the older brother of George Soros, a businessman and financier.
Jozsef Wolfner was a Hungarian publisher, founder of the publishing house Singer and Wolfner.
La Revuo: Internacia monata literatura gazeto was an Esperanto periodical, published from 1906 to 1914. It was the third Esperanto periodical, following La Esperantisto (1889–1895) and Lingvo Internacia (1895–1914). Together with Lingvo Internacia, La Revuo was one of the two central Esperanto publications leading up to World War I.
Esperanto has been used in Hungary since its construction in the late-19th century. It saw notable use through the 20th century, though it was suppressed by Nazi and Communist governments in the 1940s and 1950s.
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