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Execution by firing squad, in the past sometimes called fusillading, is a method of capital punishment, particularly common in the military and in times of war. Some reasons for its use are that firearms are usually readily available and a gunshot to a vital organ, such as the brain or heart, most often will kill relatively quickly.
Helen Prejean is a Catholic religious sister and a leading American advocate for the abolition of the death penalty.
In the United States, capital punishment is a legal penalty throughout the country at the federal level, in 27 states, and in American Samoa. It is also a legal penalty for some military offenses. Capital punishment has been abolished in 23 states and in the federal capital, Washington, D.C. It is usually applied for only the most serious crimes, like aggravated murder. Although it is a legal penalty in 27 states, 20 states have the ability to execute death sentences, with the other seven, as well as the federal government, being subject to different types of moratoriums. The existence of capital punishment in the United States can be traced to early colonial Virginia. Along with Japan, Singapore, and Taiwan, the United States is one of four advanced democracies and the only Western nation that applies the death penalty regularly. It is one of 54 countries worldwide applying it, and was the first to develop lethal injection as a method of execution, which has since been adopted by five other countries. The Philippines has since abolished executions, and Guatemala has done so for civil offenses, leaving the United States as one of four countries to still use this method. It is common practice for the condemned to be administered sedatives prior to execution, regardless of the method used.
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in the U.S. state of Nebraska. In 2015, the state legislature voted to repeal the death penalty, overriding governor Pete Ricketts' veto. However, a petition drive secured enough signatures to suspend the repeal until a public vote. In the November 2016 general election, voters rejected the repeal measure, preserving capital punishment in the state. Nebraska currently has 12 inmates on death row.
Capital punishment is one of two penalties for aggravated murder in the U.S. state of Oregon, with it being required by the Constitution of Oregon.
San Quentin State Prison (SQ) is a California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation state prison for men, located north of San Francisco in the unincorporated place of San Quentin in Marin County.
Greensville Correctional Center is a prison facility located in unincorporated Greensville County, Virginia, near Jarratt. The prison, on a 1,105-acre (447 ha) plot of land, is operated by the Virginia Department of Corrections. Greensville houses the execution chamber that was used to carry out capital punishment by the Commonwealth of Virginia until the death penalty in Virginia was abolished in 2021.
Wrongful execution is a miscarriage of justice occurring when an innocent person is put to death by capital punishment. Cases of wrongful execution are cited as an argument by opponents of capital punishment, while proponents say that the argument of innocence concerns the credibility of the justice system as a whole and does not solely undermine the use of the death penalty.
William Charles Morva was an American-Hungarian man convicted of the 2006 shooting deaths of Sheriff's Deputy Corporal Eric Sutphin, 40, and hospital security guard Derrick McFarland, 32, in the town of Blacksburg, Virginia. He was sentenced to death for the crime and was executed on July 6, 2017. Morva was the last inmate to be executed by the Commonwealth of Virginia before capital punishment in the state was abolished on March 24, 2021.
Capital punishment in Connecticut formerly existed as an available sanction for a criminal defendant upon conviction for the commission of a capital offense. Since the 1976 United States Supreme Court decision in Gregg v. Georgia until Connecticut repealed capital punishment in 2012, Connecticut had only executed one person, Michael Bruce Ross in 2005. Initially, the 2012 law allowed executions to proceed for those still on death row and convicted under the previous law, but on August 13, 2015, the Connecticut Supreme Court ruled that applying the death penalty only for past cases was unconstitutional.
Death row, also known as condemned row, is a place in a prison that houses inmates awaiting execution after being convicted of a capital crime and sentenced to death. The term is also used figuratively to describe the state of awaiting execution, even in places where no special facility or separate unit for condemned inmates exists. In the United States, after an individual is found guilty of a capital offense in states where execution is a legal penalty, the judge will give the jury the option of imposing a death sentence or life imprisonment without the possibility of parole. It is then up to the jury to decide whether to give the death sentence; this usually has to be a unanimous decision. If the jury agrees on death, the defendant will remain on death row during appeal and habeas corpus procedures, which may continue for several decades.
Capital punishment is a legal penalty in South Korea. As of December 2012, there were at least 60 people in South Korea on death row. The method of execution is hanging.
Luis José Monge was a convicted mass murderer who was executed in the gas chamber at Colorado State Penitentiary in 1967. Monge was the last inmate to be executed before an unofficial moratorium on execution that lasted for more than four years while most death penalty cases were on appeal, culminating in the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Furman v. Georgia in 1972, invalidating all existing death penalty statutes as written.
Teresa Wilson Bean Lewis was an American murderer who was the only woman on death row in Virginia prior to her execution. She was sentenced to death by lethal injection for the murders of her husband and stepson in October 2002. Lewis sought to profit from a $250,000 life insurance policy her stepson had taken out as a U.S. Army reservist in anticipation of his deployment to Iraq.
Fluvanna Correctional Center for Women is a prison operated by the Virginia Department of Corrections. It has a Troy postal address, and is in unincorporated Fluvanna County, about 55 miles (89 km) northwest of Richmond. The security level 3 facility housed 1,199 female inmates as of June 2008, including formerly housing the women's death row for the Commonwealth of Virginia.
Richard Eugene Glossip is an American prisoner currently on death row at Oklahoma State Penitentiary after being convicted of commissioning the 1997 murder of Barry Van Treese. The man who murdered Van Treese, Justin Sneed, had a "meth habit" and agreed to plead guilty in exchange for testifying against Glossip. Sneed received a life sentence without parole. Glossip's case has attracted international attention due to the unusual nature of his conviction, namely that there was little or no corroborating evidence, with the first case against him described as "extremely weak" by the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Julie O'Connor, October 13, 2013, Star-Ledger, A Jersey woman's fight for justice: Q&A, Retrieved August 6, 2015, "...Lori St John ... law student at Rutgers University in the 1990s, she desperately fought to save the life of a Virginia man on death row..."
- 1 2 August 3, 1998, The New York Times, Hostage, 14, Is Released After Siege, Retrieved August 6, 2015, "...woman who campaigned against the death penalty and married an inmate on death ... Lori Urs...
- ↑ August 03, 1998, Times Wire Reports, Los Angeles Times, Man Surrenders; No One Hurt in Standoff, Retrieved August 6, 2015, "...A man surrendered to end a standoff in which he allegedly held the daughter of the woman he once lived with, an anti-death penalty activist who carried her campaign all the way to the Vatican..."
- ↑ Richard L. Wentworth, July 25, 1997, Christian Science Monitor, US Justice And Italian Consciences, Retrieved August 6, 2015, "...Just before he died following a lethal injection, he married anti-death-penalty activist Lori Urs. He will be buried in Palermo, Italy,...
- ↑ Richard A. Stack, Potomac Books, Inc., May 27, 2014, Grave Injustice: Unearthing Wrongful Executions, Retrieved August 6, 2015, "..though Urs helped create an international campaign to free O'Dell..."
- 1 2 CNN, July 23, 1997, Virginia inmate executed despite international campaign: Appeals from pope, Mother Teresa fail to save him, Retrieved August 6, 2015, "...wage a public relations campaign in the Italian media that made O'Dell a cause celebre ..."
- ↑ Spencer S. Hsu, December 18, 1996, Washington Post, HIGH COURT POSTPONES VA. EXECUTION, Retrieved August 6, 2015, "...VIRGINIA DEATH ROW INMATE JOSEPH R. O'DELL III SAID THAT LORI URS, AN INVESTIGATOR ON HIS LEGAL TEAM...."
- 1 2 Miles Moffeit and Susan Greene, 07/23/2007, Denver Post, Telltale traces -- DNA EVIDENCE: First used in courts in 1987, it can erase lingering doubts about a conviction. In a high-profile Virginia case, prosecutors declined that opportunity, Retrieved August 6, 2015, "...Mother Teresa, the Italian government and Pope John Paul II weighed in, supporting O'Dell's bid...married O'Dell the day of his execution, partly to gain control of the evidence...."
- ↑ July 24, 1997, New York Times, Man Executed Despite Protest From the Pope, Retrieved August 6, 2015, "...A death row chaplain officiated as Mr. O'Dell and Ms. Urs exchanged vows through the bars of his cell...."
- ↑ July 24, 1997, Associated Press, Los Angeles Times, Convicted Killer O'Dell Is Married, Then Executed, Retrieved August 6, 2015, "...Hours after he got married, a death row inmate whose cause was championed by the pope, Mother Teresa and the Italian government was executed ..."
- 1 2 August 17, 1997, RICHARD BOUDREAUX, Los Angeles Times, To Italy, a U.S. Convict Symbolized the Crime of Capital Punishment -- Europe: Executed murderer became unofficial martyr. Case stimulates American death-penalty foes to seek allies abroad., Retrieved August 6, 2015, "...The inscription on his tombstone, covered each day with fresh flowers, reads: "Joseph R. O'Dell III, beloved husband of Lori Urs O'Dell, honorary citizen of Palermo...."
- ↑ 1997, la Repubblica (Italian news translated by Google Translate), O 'Dell, THE END OF THE TRIP, Retrieved August 6, 2015, "...Lori Urs O 'Dell ...as befits the wife of a dead hero, because here in Palermo the inmate Joseph O 'Dell executed in Greensville prison..."
- ↑ 1998, la Repubblica (Italian news translated by Google Translate), O 'Dell, the curse continues beaten and raped his wife, Retrieved August 6, 2015, "...Remember the woman who wanted to marry, in the death chamber of the prison in Virginia..."
- ↑ August 1, 1997, Irish Times, Killer buried in adopted city that worked to save him from US execution, Retrieved August 6, 2015, "...O'Dell's widow, Lori Urs, ... city made him an honorary citizen and O'Dell responded by asking for his body to be buried here...."
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