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Jack Wisdom is a Professor of Planetary Sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He received his B.S. from Rice University in 1976 and his Ph.D. from California Institute of Technology in 1981. His research interests are the dynamics of the Solar System.
Elysium, located in the Elysium and Cebrenia quadrangles, is the second largest volcanic region on Mars, after Tharsis. The region includes the volcanoes Hecates Tholus, Elysium Mons and Albor Tholus. The province is centered roughly on Elysium Mons at 24.7°N 150°E. Elysium Planitia is a broad plain to the south of Elysium, centered at 3.0°N 154.7°E. Another large volcano, Apollinaris Mons, lies south of Elysium Planitia and is not part of the province. Besides having large volcanoes, Elysium has several areas with long trenches, called fossa or fossae (plural) on Mars. They include the Cerberus Fossae, Elysium Fossae, Galaxias Fossae, Hephaestus Fossae, Hyblaeus Fossae, Stygis Fossae and Zephyrus Fossae.
The atmosphere of Mars is the layer of gases surrounding Mars. It is primarily composed of carbon dioxide (95%), molecular nitrogen (2.85%), and argon (2%). It also contains trace levels of water vapor, oxygen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and noble gases. The atmosphere of Mars is much thinner and colder than Earth's having a max density 20g/m3 with a temperature generally below zero down to -60 Celsius. The average surface pressure is about 610 pascals (0.088 psi) which is less than 1% of the Earth's value.
In astronomy, the geometric albedo of a celestial body is the ratio of its actual brightness as seen from the light source to that of an idealized flat, fully reflecting, diffusively scattering (Lambertian) disk with the same cross-section.
The Bond albedo, named after the American astronomer George Phillips Bond (1825–1865), who originally proposed it, is the fraction of power in the total electromagnetic radiation incident on an astronomical body that is scattered back out into space.
Thermophysics is the application of thermodynamics to geophysics and to planetary science more broadly. It may also be used to refer to the field of thermodynamic and transport properties.
The Mars general circulation model is the result of a research project by NASA to understand the nature of the general circulation of the atmosphere of Mars, how that circulation is driven and how it affects the climate of Mars in the long term.
An atmospheric radiative transfer model, code, or simulator calculates radiative transfer of electromagnetic radiation through a planetary atmosphere.
HITRAN molecular spectroscopic database is a compilation of spectroscopic parameters used to simulate and analyze the transmission and emission of light in gaseous media, with an emphasis on planetary atmospheres. The knowledge of spectroscopic parameters for transitions between energy levels in molecules is essential for interpreting and modeling the interaction of radiation (light) within different media.
2201 Oljato, provisional designation 1947 XC, is a stony and extremely eccentric active asteroid and sizable near-Earth object of the Apollo group, approximately 2 kilometers in diameter. It has an Earth minimum orbit intersection distance of 0.0031 AU (460 thousand km) and is associated with the Beta Taurids daytime meteor shower.
Lobate debris aprons (LDAs) are geological features on Mars, first seen by the Viking Orbiters, consisting of piles of rock debris below cliffs. These features have a convex topography and a gentle slope from cliffs or escarpments, which suggest flow away from the steep source cliff. In addition, lobate debris aprons can show surface lineations as do rock glaciers on the Earth.
(101429) 1998 VF31 (provisional designation 1998 VF31) is a sub-kilometer asteroid that orbits near Mars's L5 Lagrangian point, on average trailing 60° behind it. Its orbit is highly stable, and was originally thought to be spectroscopically similar to 5261 Eureka, suggesting they may both be primordial Martian asteroids.
Astapus Colles is a group of hills in the Casius quadrangle of Mars, located at 35.5 North and 272.3 West. It is 580 km across and was named after an albedo feature at 35N, 269W. The term "Colles" is used for small hills or knobs.
In atmospheric science, hydrodynamic escape refers to a thermal atmospheric escape mechanism that can lead to the escape of heavier atoms of a planetary atmosphere through numerous collisions with lighter atoms.
In astronomy, a phase curve describes the brightness of a reflecting body as a function of its phase angle. The brightness usually refers the object's absolute magnitude, which, in turn, is its apparent magnitude at a distance of one astronomical unit from the Earth and Sun.
Adriana C. Ocampo Uria is a Colombian planetary geologist and a Science Program Manager at NASA Headquarters. In 1970, Ocampo emigrated to California and completed her Master in Sciences at California State University, Northridge and finished her PhD at the Vrije Universiteit in the Netherlands. During high school and graduate studies she worked at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, where she serves as the science coordinator for many planetary missions.
Chemical cycling describes systems of repeated circulation of chemicals between other compounds, states and materials, and back to their original state, that occurs in space, and on many objects in space including the Earth. Active chemical cycling is known to occur in stars, many planets and natural satellites.
Atmospheric super-rotation is a phenomenon where a planet's atmosphere rotates faster than the planet itself. This behavior is observed in the atmosphere of Venus, atmosphere of Titan, atmosphere of Jupiter, and atmosphere of Saturn. Venus exhibits the most extreme super-rotation, with its atmosphere circling the planet in four Earth days, much faster than its planet's own rotation. The phenomenon of atmospheric super-rotation can influence a planet's climate and atmospheric dynamics.
A windstreak is a planetary surface feature of aeolian origin characterized by an albedo that contrasts with surrounding surface in an elongated pattern. Windstreaks are associated with topographical obstacles, and are very commonly, but not exclusively, found near craters. These features have been observed on Mars, Venus, Titan, and the Earth, although they are considered rare on Earth. Terrestrial examples of windstreaks are found at the Pali-Aike volcanic field.
Mars Year 1 is the first year of Martian timekeeping standard developed by Clancy et al. originally for the purposes of working with the cyclical temporal variations of meteorological phenomena of Mars, but later used for general timekeeping on Mars. Mars Years have no officially adopted month systems. Scientists generally use two sub-units of the Mars Year:
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Hirshfeld, Alan (2018-12-01). "Louise Gray Young (1935–2018)". Bulletin of the AAS. 50.
- 1 2 3 4 "Louise Gray Young - View Obituary & Service Information". Louise Gray Young Obituary. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "In Memoriam: Louise Gray Young, 1935-2018". 2018. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
- ↑ Schorn, R.A.; Gray Young, L.; Barker, E.S. (1970). "High-dispersion spectroscopic observations of Venus". Icarus. 12 (3): 391–401. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(70)90007-2.
- ↑ Gray Young, L.D. (1971). "Interpretation of high resolution spectra of Mars—II calculations of CO2 abundance, rotational temperature and surface pressure". Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer. 11 (7): 1075–1086. Bibcode:1971JQSRT..11.1075G. doi:10.1016/0022-4073(71)90127-0.
- ↑ Gray, Louise D. (1963). Part I. Theoretical calculations of equilibrium infrared gas emissivities from spectroscopic data. Part II. Representative radiative energy transfer calculations for transparent and optically dense media (PhD). California Institute of Technology. Retrieved March 5, 2022.