Ludwig Katzenellenbogen (born 21 February 1877 in Krotoschin, German Empire; died 30 May 1944 in Berlin) was a German brewery director deported by the Nazis to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.
Ludwig Katzenellenbogen (born 21 February 1877 in Krotoschin, German Empire; died 30 May 1944 in Berlin) was a German brewery director deported by the Nazis to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.
His father, Adolph Katzenellenbogen (1834-1903), [1] founded the alcohol distillery in what was then Krotoschin (now Krotoszyn). [2] In 1903, Ludwig became head of his father's business, and founded the Spiritus headquarters in Berlin (later nationalized).
At the end of 1924, a consortium under his leadership acquired a large block of shares in Mitteldeutsche Creditbank, in which his cousin, Albert (1863-after 1933 [2] ) sat on the board. After the death of Adolf Jarislowsky's son Alfred (1929), the way was clear for the merger with Commerzbank. He became general manager of the Ostwerke-Schultheiß-Patzenhofer brewery in Berlin. Ostwerke was a group of spirit, cement, yeast, glass, and machine factories, and ran into difficulties after the takeover of Schultheiß-Patzenhofer-Brauerei and as a result of the economic crisis, at the end of the 1920s.
Until 1930, Ludwig Katzenellenbogen was married to Estella Marcuse (1886-1991), the daughter of a physician. Their children were the political scientist Konrad Kellen (1913-2007), and younger sisters Estella and Leonie. They lived in the Freienhagen manor house, outside Liebenwalde, north of Berlin. [3]
In 1930, Katzenellenbogen married the actress Tilla Durieux, [4] and helped her to finance the Piscatorbühne (Piscator Theatre) at Berlin's Nollendorfplatz. [5]
Katzenellenbogen has an important art collection [6] which included "Rehe" Dammwild Roes, [7] "Bacchant" by Lovis Corinth, [8] a self portrait by Oskar Kokoschka, [9] "Chemin de Plaine avec une porte de jardin a droite" by Pissarro, [10] as well as many other works. [11]
When the Nazis came to power, the couple fled with two suitcases and 200 marks. [12] In 1933, he fled with Tilla Durieux, first to Ascona in Switzerland, and emigrated from there, in 1935, to Zagreb (Kingdom of Yugoslavia), where a distant relative of his wife lived. While she was trying to obtain a visa in Belgrade for both of them to emigrate to the US, she was surprised by the German bombing and raid on Belgrade in April 1941, and was thus separated from her husband. Katzenellenbogen was arrested by the Gestapo in Saloniki in 1941, and deported to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp north of Berlin. [13] [14] He died in 1944 in the Jewish Hospital Berlin.
The heirs of Ludwig and Estella Katzenellenbogen have listed fifty artworks with the German Lost Art Foundation. [11]
In Liebenwalde, commemorative stumbling blocks were laid for Ludwig Katzenellenbogen and other family members by the artist Gunter Demnig.
Lovis Corinth was a German artist and writer whose mature work as a painter and printmaker realized a synthesis of impressionism and expressionism.
Hans Hartung was a German-French painter, known for his gestural abstract style. He was also a decorated World War II veteran of the Legion d'honneur.
The Berlin Secession was an art movement established in Germany on May 2, 1898. Formed in reaction to the Association of Berlin Artists, and the restrictions on contemporary art imposed by Kaiser Wilhelm II, 65 artists "seceded," demonstrating against the standards of academic or government-endorsed art. The movement is classified as a form of German Modernism, and came on the heels of several other secessions in Germany, including Jugendstil and the Munich Secession.
Tilla Durieux was an Austrian theatre and film actress of the 20th century.
Hermann Frenkel was a partner of the Jacquier and Securius Bank and after 1923 a partner of Friedrich Minoux, owner of the Wannsee Villa, later the venue of the Wannsee Conference. Frenkel was a Privy Commercial Councillor, and one of the founders of Universum Film AG. Frenkel was also a noted art collector, who concentrated on German, French, and Spanish 19th-century paintings, as well as Dutch 17th-century and Venetian 18th-century works. His heirs sold most of the collection in October 1932. Some works were not sold, among them a still-life by Snyders, which today is in the Museum Kunstpalast in Düsseldorf, which was bought in 1938.
Alfred Flechtheim was a German Jewish art dealer, art collector, journalist and publisher persecuted by the Nazis.
Stefan Moses was a German photographer living in Munich.
Anna Caspari was a German Jewish art dealer who was deported from Germany and murdered by the Nazis in Kaunas in 1941.
Curt Glaser was a German Jewish art historian, art critic and collector who was persecuted by the Nazis.
Alexander Vömel, or Voemel, was a German gallery owner and Nazi party member who took over the gallery of the Jewish art dealer Alfred Flechtheim when it was Aryanized in 1933.
Große Berliner Kunstausstellung , abbreviated GroBeKa or GBK, was an annual art exhibition that existed from 1893 to 1969 with intermittent breaks. In 1917 and 1918, during World War I, it was not held in Berlin but in Düsseldorf. In 1919 and 1920, it operated under the name Kunstausstellung Berlin. From 1970 to 1995, the Freie Berliner Kunstausstellung was held annually in its place.
Albert Katzenellenbogen was an important German legal advisor in banking and industry who was murdered in the Holocaust because of his Jewish heritage.
Oskar Federer was a Jewish industrialist living in Czechoslovakia. Forced to flee by the Nazis, his property and art collection were plundered first by Nazis and later by the communist regime in Czechoslovia.
Hugo Haberfeld, was an Austrian Jewish art dealer, who owned the Miethke Gallery in early 20th century Vienna. When Austria joined Nazi Germany in the 1938 Anschluss, Haberfeld fled to Paris.
The art collection of Carl Sachs, a Jewish entrepreneur who lived with his wife Margarethe in a villa in what was then Kleinburgstraße in Breslau, before 1939 he emigrated to Switzerland with his wife to escape Nazi persecution, included numerous paintings, watercolors and graphics.
Leo Smoschewer was a German Jewish mechanical engineering entrepreneur and art collector whose business was Aryanized and art collection seized by the Nazis.
Butcher Store in Schäftlarn on the Isar is a painting by the German painter Lovis Corinth from 1897. The picture shows a scene from the store of a slaughterhouse in Schäftlarn near Munich. It is held in the Kunsthalle Bremen.
Robert Graetz, was a German Jewish textile industrialist and art collector in Berlin who was deported by the Nazis and died at Auschwitz.
Fritz Goldschmidt was a German Jewish businessman and art collector, plundered and murdered in the Holocaust.
Victor Klemperer von Klemenau was a German banker persecuted by the Nazis because of his Jewish heritage.
Der Berliner Maler Lovis Corinth (1858–1925) schuf 1913/1914 einen elfteiligen Zyklus für den Berliner Großindustriellen Ludwig Katzenellenbogen und dessen erste Frau Estella. Den Auftrag an Lovis Corinth hatte der Berliner Galerist Paul Cassirer vermittelt. Das Ehepaar Katzenellenbogen besaß eine bedeutende Sammlung, darunter Werke des französischen Impressionismus.
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