Madonna of the Harpies

Last updated
Madonna of the Harpies
Italian: Madonna delle Arpie
Andrea del Sarto - Virgin and Child between St Francis of Assisi and St John the Evangelist ('Madonna of the Harpies'), 1517, 1890 no.1577.jpg
Artist Andrea del Sarto
Year1517
Typeoil on wood
Dimensions208 cm× 178 cm(82 in× 70 in)
Location Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence

Madonna of the Harpies (Italian : Madonna delle Arpie) is an altarpiece in oils by Andrea del Sarto, a major painter of the High Renaissance. It was commissioned in 1515 and was signed and dated by the artist in 1517 in the inscription on the pedestal; it is now in the Uffizi in Florence. It was praised by Giorgio Vasari, and is arguably the artist's best-known work.

The Virgin is standing on a pedestal which includes harpies sculpted in relief, from which the painting takes its name. At least, Vasari (and presumably his Florentine contemporaries) thought they were harpies; some modern art historians think that locusts are represented, in a reference to the Book of Revelation. Either way, they represent forces of evil being trampled on by the Virgin. [1]

It is a sacra conversazione showing the Virgin and Child flanked by putti and two saints (Saint Bonaventure or Francis and John the Evangelist). Compared to the stillness of earlier paintings of similar groups, here the "dynamism of the High Renaissance was inimical to the static quality of 15th-century art", so that "a composition of fundamentally classical purity is animated by a nervous energy in the figures to produce an unsettling impression of variety." [2]

It was completed in 1517 for the church of the convent and hospital of San Francesco dei Macci in Florence; this was run by the Poor Clares and is long closed, but the church building survives. The figures have a Leonardo-like aura, with a pyramid-shaped composition. [3] The harpies, figures from pagan mythology (or locusts), here represent temptation and sin, which the Virgin has conquered and stands upon. [4] The Christ child is shown as unusually old, and has an athletic contrapposto pose. He looks down to the putti, and all three have a "mischiefness" that contrasts with the serious, abstracted, air of the adults. [5]

The main character in Kürk Mantolu Madonna ('Madonna with a Fur Coat'), a novel by the Turkish writer Sabahattin Ali, is the figure of the Virgin Mary in the Madonna of the Harpies.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sandro Botticelli</span> Italian Renaissance painter (1445–1510)

Alessandro di Mariano di Vanni Filipepi, better known as Sandro Botticelli or simply Botticelli, was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance. Botticelli's posthumous reputation suffered until the late 19th century, when he was rediscovered by the Pre-Raphaelites who stimulated a reappraisal of his work. Since then, his paintings have been seen to represent the linear grace of late Italian Gothic and some Early Renaissance painting, even though they date from the latter half of the Italian Renaissance period.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrea Mantegna</span> Italian Renaissance painter (1431–1506)

Andrea Mantegna was an Italian Renaissance painter, a student of Roman archeology, and son-in-law of Jacopo Bellini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrea del Castagno</span> Italian Renaissance painter (c. 1419–1457)

Andrea del Castagno or Andrea di Bartolo di Bargilla was an Italian Renaissance painter in Florence, influenced chiefly by Masaccio and Giotto di Bondone. His works include frescoes in Sant'Apollonia in Florence and the painted equestrian monument of Niccolò da Tolentino (1456) in Florence Cathedral. He in turn influenced the Ferrarese school of Cosmè Tura, Francesco del Cossa and Ercole de' Roberti.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Luca Signorelli</span> Italian Renaissance painter (c. 1441 1445–1523)

Luca Signorelli was an Italian Renaissance painter from Cortona, in Tuscany, who was noted in particular for his ability as a draftsman and his use of foreshortening. His massive frescos of the Last Judgment (1499–1503) in Orvieto Cathedral are considered his masterpiece.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Piero di Cosimo</span> Italian painter (1462–1522)

Piero di Cosimo, also known as Piero di Lorenzo, was an Italian Renaissance painter, who continued to use an essentially Early Renaissance style into the 16th century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pietro Perugino</span> Italian Renaissance painter (c. 1446 1452–1523)

Pietro Perugino, an Italian Renaissance painter of the Umbrian school, developed some of the qualities that found classic expression in the High Renaissance. Raphael became his most famous pupil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Franciabigio</span> Italian painter (1482–1525)

Franciabigio was an Italian painter of the Florentine Renaissance. His true name may have been Francesco di Cristofano; he is also referred to as either Marcantonio Franciabigio or Francia Bigio.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lorenzo di Credi</span> Italian painter (1456/59–1537)

Lorenzo di Credi was an Italian Renaissance painter and sculptor best known for his paintings of religious subjects, and portraits. With some excursions to nearby cities, his whole life was spent in Florence. He is most famous for having worked in the studio of Andrea del Verrocchio at the same time as the young Leonardo da Vinci, who seems to have influenced his style considerably.

<i>Sacra conversazione</i> Painting genre

In art, a sacra conversazione, meaning "holy conversation", is a genre developed in Italian Renaissance painting, with a depiction of the Virgin and Child amidst a group of saints in a relatively informal grouping, as opposed to the more rigid and hierarchical compositions of earlier periods. Donor portraits may also be included, generally kneeling, often their patron saint is presenting them to the Virgin, and angels are frequently in attendance.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Domenico Puligo</span> Italian painter

Domenico Puligo (1492–1527) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance, active in Florence. His real name was Domenico di Bartolomeo Ubaldini.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Italian Renaissance painting</span> Art movement

Italian Renaissance painting is the painting of the period beginning in the late 13th century and flourishing from the early 15th to late 16th centuries, occurring in the Italian Peninsula, which was at that time divided into many political states, some independent but others controlled by external powers. The painters of Renaissance Italy, although often attached to particular courts and with loyalties to particular towns, nonetheless wandered the length and breadth of Italy, often occupying a diplomatic status and disseminating artistic and philosophical ideas.

<i>Madonna of the Magnificat</i> Painting by Sandro Botticelli

The Madonna of the Magnificat, is a painting of circular or tondo form by the Italian Renaissance painter Sandro Botticelli. It is also referred to as the Virgin and Child with Five Angels. In the tondo, we see the Virgin Mary writing the Magnificat with her right hand, with a pomegranate in her left, as two angels crown her with the Christ child on her lap. It is now in the galleries of the Uffizi, in Florence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrea del Sarto</span> Italian painter (1486–1530)

Andrea del Sarto was an Italian painter from Florence, whose career flourished during the High Renaissance and early Mannerism. He was known as an outstanding fresco decorator, painter of altarpieces, portraitist, draughtsman, and colorist. Although highly regarded during his lifetime as an artist senza errori, his renown was eclipsed after his death by that of his contemporaries Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Palma Vecchio</span> Italian painter (c.1480–1528)

Palma Vecchio, born Jacopo Palma, also known as Jacopo Negretti, was a Venetian painter of the Italian High Renaissance. He is called Palma Vecchio in English and Palma il Vecchio in Italian to distinguish him from Palma il Giovane, his great-nephew, who was also a painter.

<i>Santa Lucia de Magnoli Altarpiece</i> c. 1445 painting by Domenico Veneziano

The Santa Lucia de' Magnoli Altarpiece is a painting by the Italian painter Domenico Veneziano, dated to around 1445–1447. Once placed at the high altar of the church of Santa Lucia dei Magnoli, Florence, it is now in the Uffizi Gallery in the same city. The large panel had originally a predella, which has been divided between museums in Washington, Berlin and Cambridge.

<i>Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints John the Baptist and Sebastian</i> Painting by Pietro Perugino

The Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints John the Baptist and Sebastian is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Pietro Perugino, executed in 1493 and housed in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence.

<i>Madonna and Child with St. John the Baptist and a Female Saint</i> Painting by Giovanni Bellini

The Madonna and Child with St. John the Baptist and a Female Saint or the Giovanelli Sacred Conversation is an oil painting on panel by the Italian Renaissance master Giovanni Bellini, dated to before 1504. It is kept in the Gallerie dell'Accademia of Venice.

<i>The Disputation on the Trinity</i> 1517 painting by Andrea del Sarto

The Disputation on the Trinity is an oil-on-canvas painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Andrea del Sarto, created c. 1517, now in the Galleria Palatina in Florence.

<i>Madonna and Child with Eight Saints</i> Painting by Bramantino

Madonna and Child with Eight Saints is an oil painting on canvas of c. 1515–1520 by the Italian Renaissance painter and architect Bramantino, originally in the church of Santa Maria del Giardino in Milan and now in the Contini Bonacossi collection at the Uffizi in Florence. It belongs to the sacra conversazione genre.

<i>Madonna and Child with Saints</i> (Annibale Carracci, 1593) Painting by Annibale Carracci

Madonna and Child with Saints, Madonna and Child Enthroned with the Infant St John the Baptist, St John the Evangelist and Saint Catherine of Alexandria or the San Giorgio Madonna is a 1593 oil on canvas painting by Annibale Carracci, originally in the Landini chapel in the church of San Giorgio in Poggiale, Bologna. During the 19th century the conservation conditions there worsened and it was moved to the Accademia di Belle Arti for restoration, before being moved to its current home in the then-new Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna.. It is signed and dated "ANNI CARR FE MDXCIII".

References

  1. Google Art Project, text from Uffizi
  2. Nigel Gauk-Roger. "Sacra conversazione". Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Web. 4 March 2017. Subscription required
  3. John T. Paoletti, Gary M. Radke (2005). Art in Renaissance Italy. Laurence King Publishing, ISBN   978-1-85669-439-1
  4. Hickson, Sally Anne, Women, Art and Architectural Patronage in Renaissance Mantua, p. 34, Google Books
  5. Franklin, David, Painting in Renaissance Florence, 1500–1550, pp. 136–137, David Franklin, Google Books