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The peritoneum is the serous membrane forming the lining of the abdominal cavity or coelom in amniotes and some invertebrates, such as annelids. It covers most of the intra-abdominal organs, and is composed of a layer of mesothelium supported by a thin layer of connective tissue. This peritoneal lining of the cavity supports many of the abdominal organs and serves as a conduit for their blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.
The renal sinus is a cavity within the kidney which is occupied by the renal pelvis, renal calyces, blood vessels, nerves and fat. The renal hilum extends into a large cavity within the kidney occupied by the renal vessels, minor renal calyces, major renal calyces, renal pelvis and some adipose tissue.
The American Association for Women in Radiology is a professional association founded in 1981 as a resource for "professional socialization" for women in a male-dominated field of radiology.
An arthrogram is a series of images of a joint after injection of a contrast medium, usually done by fluoroscopy or MRI. The injection is normally done under a local anesthetic such as Novocain or lidocaine. The radiologist or radiographer performs the study using fluoroscopy or x-ray to guide the placement of the needle into the joint and then injects around 10 ml of contrast based on age. There is some burning pain from the anesthetic and a painful bubbling feeling in the joint after the contrast is injected. This only lasts 20 – 30 hours until the Contrast is absorbed. During this time, while it is allowed, it is painful to use the limb for around 10 hours. After that the radiologist can more clearly see what is going on under your skin and can get results out within 24 to 48 hours.
In the anatomy of the heart, the valve of the coronary sinus is a valve located at the orifice of the coronary sinus where the coronary sinus drains into the right atrium. It prevents blood from flowing backwards into the coronary sinus during contraction of the heart.
In urology, voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) is a frequently performed technique for visualizing a person's urethra and urinary bladder while the person urinates (voids). It is used in the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux, among other disorders. The technique consists of catheterizing the person in order to fill the bladder with a radiocontrast agent, typically diatrizoic acid. Under fluoroscopy the radiologist watches the contrast enter the bladder and looks at the anatomy of the patient. If the contrast moves into the ureters and back into the kidneys, the radiologist makes the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux, and gives the degree of severity a score. The exam ends when the person voids while the radiologist is watching under fluoroscopy. Consumption of fluid promotes excretion of contrast media after the procedure. It is important to watch the contrast during voiding, because this is when the bladder has the most pressure, and it is most likely this is when reflux will occur. Despite this detailed description of the procedure, at least as of 2016 the technique had not been standardized across practices.
In human anatomy, the adductor hiatus also known as hiatus magnus is a hiatus (gap) between the adductor magnus muscle and the femur that allows the passage of the femoral vessels from the anterior thigh to the posterior thigh and then the popliteal fossa. It is the termination of the adductor canal and lies about 8–13.5 cm (3.1–5.3 in) superior to the adductor tubercle.
In radiology, honeycombing or "honeycomb lung" is the radiological appearance seen with widespread pulmonary fibrosis and is defined by the presence of small cystic spaces with irregularly thickened walls composed of fibrous tissue. Dilated and thickened terminal and respiratory bronchioles produce cystic airspaces, giving a honeycomb appearance on chest x-rays. Honeycomb cysts often predominate in the peripheral and pleural/subpleural lung regions regardless of their cause.
Pneumatosis is the abnormal presence of air or other gas within tissues.
In radiology, a Romanus lesion is the erosion of the anterior and posterior vertebral endplates in patients with an inflammatory spondyloarthropathy – such as ankylosing spondylitis or an enteropathic arthropathy. The anterior erosion in particular causes a loss of anterior vertebral body concavity, causing the vertebra to display a squared contour or even a barrel-shape. Healing of the erosion results in a sclerotic increase in density causing what is known as a shiny corner sign, which can later result in syndesmophyte formation. It is most easily diagnosed using MRI, compared to conventional radiography.
Crazy paving refers to a pattern seen on computed tomography of the chest, involving lobular septal thickening with variable alveolar filling. The finding is seen in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, and other diseases. Its name comes from its resemblance to irregular paving stones, called crazy pavings.
Ann S. Fulcher is an American abdominal radiologist in the radiology department at Virginia Commonwealth University/Medical College of Medicine (VCU). She serves as a professor and the chair of the department of radiology at VCU.
A computed tomography urography is a computed tomography scan that examines the urinary tract after contrast dye is injected into a vein.
Computed tomography enterography is a medical imaging technique which uses computed tomography scanner and contrast media to examine the small bowel. It was first introduced by Raptopoulos et al. in 1997. CT Enterography can be used to assess a variety of problems involving the small bowel, however it is mainly used to diagnose and assess severity of Crohn's disease.
Celery stalking or celery stalk metaphysis refers to the appearance of longitudinally aligned linear sclerotic bands extending from the epiphysis of the long bones. This finding is seen in conditions such as osteopathia striata, congenital rubella and congenital syphilis.
The gloved finger sign is a radiologic sign observed on chest radiographs or CT scans that indicates the presence of mucoid impaction in the lungs. Mucoid impaction occurs when bronchi become dilated and filled with mucus. This abnormality appears as branching tubular opacities projecting out from the hila towards the periphery of the lungs, resembling gloved fingers. The gloved finger sign has been observed in the imaging of several conditions, including bronchial atresia, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, foreign body aspiration, benign tumors, and malignancies.
The licked candy stick appearance is a radiologic sign observed on bone radiographs that refers to the tapering of the tips of the hand bones, foot bones (metatarsals), or clavicles that occurs in conditions such as psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and leprosy.
The bowl of grapes sign is a descriptive radiological term used in the context of synovial sarcoma, a malignant soft tissue tumor. This sign refers to the appearance of multiple small, rounded, fluid-containing spaces within a soft tissue mass, which resemble a cluster of grapes. These cystic spaces are typically attributed to hemorrhage, necrosis, or myxoid degeneration within the tumor, a common feature of synovial sarcoma.
The cockade sign is a radiological feature associated with intraosseous lipoma, a rare benign tumor of the bone composed primarily of mature adipose tissue. This sign describes the characteristic appearance of a central calcification or ossification surrounded by radiolucent fatty tissue on imaging, resembling a bullseye or cockade.
The boomerang sign is a radiological finding observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, particularly in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences. It refers to a characteristic boomerang-shaped area of restricted diffusion in the splenium of the corpus callosum due to cytotoxic edema. This sign is associated with various neurological conditions and is considered a non-specific marker of splenial pathology, often reversible depending on the underlying cause.
References
- ↑ Caiafa, Rafael Oliveira; Vinuesa, Ana Sierra; Izquierdo, Rafael Salvador; Brufau, Blanca Paño; Ayuso Colella, Juan Ramón; Molina, Carlos Nicolau (2013). "Retroperitoneal Fibrosis: Role of Imaging in Diagnosis and Follow-up". RadioGraphics. 33 (2): 535–552. doi:10.1148/rg.332125085. ISSN 0271-5333.
- ↑ Dyer, Raymond B.; Chen, Michael Y.; Zagoria, Ronald J. (2004). "Classic Signs in Uroradiology". RadioGraphics. 24 (suppl_1): S247 –S280. doi:10.1148/rg.24si045509. ISSN 0271-5333.
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