Sindh is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in the southeast of the country, it is the home of the Sindhi people. Sindh is the third largest province of Pakistan by area and second largest province by population after Punjab. Sindh is bordered by Balochistan province to the west and Punjab province to the north. Sindh also borders the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to the east and Arabian Sea to the south. Sindh's landscape consists mostly of alluvial plains flanking the Indus River, the Thar desert in the eastern portion of the province closest to the border with India and the Kirthar Mountains in the western part of Sindh.
Thatta is a city in the Pakistani province of Sindh. Thatta was the medieval capital of Sindh, and served as the seat of power for three successive dynasties. Thatta's historic significance has yielded several monuments in and around the city. Thatta's Makli Necropolis, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is site of one of the world's largest cemeteries and has numerous monumental tombs built between the 14th and 18th centuries designed in a syncretic funerary style characteristic of lower Sindh. The city's 17th century Shah Jahan Mosque is richly embellished with decorative tiles, and is considered to have the most elaborate display of tile work in the South Asia.
Lohana, also referred to as Loharana and Lohrana, are an Indian caste. Lohanas claim to be descendants of the Luva, son of Rama, and to descend from the Raghuvanshi dynasty. The Lohanas are divided into many separate cultural groups as a result of centuries apart in different regions. Thus there are significant differences between the culture, language, professions and societies of Gujarati Lohanas, Sindhi Lohanas, Kutchi Lohanas, Balochi Lohana, and Pashtun Lohana.
Muslim Rajputs are the descendants of Rajputs of Northern regions of the Indian subcontinent who are followers of Islam. They converted from Hinduism to Islam during the medieval period in India, retaining their surnames such as Chauhan. Today, Muslim Rajputs can be found in present-day Northern India and eastern parts of Pakistan. They are further divided into different clans.
The Samma dynasty was a medieval dynasty in the Indian subcontinent, that ruled in Sindh, and parts of Kutch, Punjab and Balochistan from c. 1351 to c. 1524 CE, with their capital at Thatta in modern Pakistan; before being replaced by the Arghun dynasty.
The Arghun dynasty was a dynasty of either Mongol, Turkic or Turco-Mongol ethnicity, who ruled over the area between southern Afghanistan, and the Sindh province Pakistan from the late 15th century to the early 16th century. The Arghuns claimed their descent and name from Ilkhanid-Mongol Arghun Khan. Arghun rule can be divided into two branches: the Arghun branch of Dhu'l-Nun Beg Arghun that ruled until 1554, and the Tarkhan branch of Muhammad 'Isa Tarkhan that ruled until 1591.
Thatta District is located in the southern area, locally called Laar, of the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Its capital is Thatta. It is home to a large necropolis of Makli. In 2013, several talukas were separated to form the new Sujawal District.
Makli Necropolis is one of the largest funerary sites in the world, spread over an area of 10 kilometres near the city of Thatta, in the Pakistani province of Sindh. The site houses approximately 500,000 to 1 million tombs built over the course of a 400 year period. Makli Necropolis features several large funerary monuments belonging to royalty, various Sufi saints, and esteemed scholars. The site was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981 as an "outstanding testament" to Sindhi civilization between the 14th and 18th centuries.
Sindhi literature, Sindhi-language literature in the Pakistani province of Sindh, consists of poetry and prose. It was influenced by a number of cultures over a thousand years.
Noori Jam Tamachi is a famous tale of Prince Jam Tamachi's falling in love with the charming fisherwoman Noori. Noori makes Jam happy with her perfect surrender and obedience which causes him to raise her above all the other queens.
Jám Nizámuddín II, also known as Jam Nizam al-Din or Jám Nindó, was the Sammah Sultan of Sindh between 1461 and 1508 CE. He was the most famous ruler of the Samma dynasty, which ruled Sindh, parts of Punjab and Balochistan from 1351 to 1551 CE. His capital was Thatta in modern-day southern Pakistan. The Samma dynasty reached the height of its power during the reign of Nizamuddin, who is still recalled as a hero, and whose rule is considered the golden-age of Sindh.
Jam Khairuddin Al-Maroof Jam Tamachi bin Jam Unar was a Sidh ruler of Sindh from the 14th century. He belonged to the Unar tribe of Sindh, Pakistan.
Nasir al-Din Abu al-Fatah Firuz Shah II, son of Jam Nizam al-Din commonly known as Jam Feroz (1508–1524/5), was the last ruler of the Samma Dynasty of Sindh. Jam Feroz proved himself a weak ruler of Samma and lost his kingdom to Arguns, thus Sindh came under foreign rulers.
Barmati Panth is a religious tradition founded by Dhani Matang Dev around 1100 AD.The term Barmati means 4 direction and 8 corners joined to form 12(bar in gujarati,kutchi) Barmati Panth. The Barmati Pant was founded on peak of karumbha dungar(Mountain range in palitana,gujarat later through scriptures of Matang dev founded by their heirs and won in legal battle on the basis of jain scriptures which itself named is at Matang caves) On peak of karumbha dungar a Narvadh yagna was performed to establish Barmati pant .Its followers are spread in Kutch and Sindh.
Sujawal, town is headquarter of Sujawal district of Sindh. Previously, it was Sub Divisional Headquarter of Sujawal Sub Division of Thatta District, Sindh, Pakistan. The Government of Sindh has granted Sujawal the status of a district and after the approval of Chief Minister Sindh, a notification has been issued by Revenue Department on 12 October 2013. The new district would comprise Sujawal, Kharochan, Mirpur Bathoro, Jati and Shah Bander talukas. It is located at about 20 km west of Thatta on the road Badin to Karachi. Sujawal is an agricultural city with a few industries located near it. Sujawal is a multi community and ethnic city containing different sects and religions.
Jhulelal is a name that refers to the Ishta Dev of Sindhi Hindus, who regard him to be an incarnation of the Hindu deity Varuna. The chant Jhule Lal Jhule Lal is considered the "clarion call" of Sindhi Hindus.His birth name was Uday Chand means. He also called as "Uderolal"(colloquially called Oderolal). It is said that the when Uderolal was a child, his cradle (swing) rocked itself to lull him to sleep, earning him the name Jhulelal - The Lord of the Swing.
Mubarak Khan Lashari or more popular as Darya Khan Lashari , was a famous general of Samma Dynasty of Sindh, a powerful statesman and regent at the court of Samma ruler Jam Feroz According to other sources his original name was Qabooliyo and he was Sammo by caste,whose deeds of valour are sung all over Sindh to this day.
Darya Khan was adopted son and prime minister of Jam Nizamuddin II who defeated the Argun army in the Battle of Jalwakhir near Bibi Nani in the Bolan Pass.This victory made Darya Khan Lashari, the 'Dollah' (Hero) of Sindh.On his deathbed, Jam Nizamuddin,entrusted to Darya Khan the care of his kingdom,of his treasures,his family, and his son Jam Feroz.
Darya Khan was real son of land and icon of periotism who fought for the freedom of homeland till his death and martyred while fighting bravely in the Battle of Fatehpur when an arrow hit him in throat on 21 December 1521 A.D. and thus ended the reign of Jam Feroz as an independent ruler.
The history of Kutch, a region in the extreme west of the western Indian state of Gujarat, can be traced back to prehistorical times. There are several sites related to Indus valley civilization in region and is mentioned in Hindu mythology. In historical times, Kutch is mentioned in Greek writings during Alexander. It was ruled by Menander I of Greco-Bactrian Kingdom which was overthrown by Indo-Scythians followed by Maurya Empire and Sakas. in the first century, it was under Western Satraps followed by Gupta Empire. By fifth century, Maitraka of Valabhi took over from which its close association with ruling clans of Gujarat started. Chavdas ruled the eastern and central parts by seventh century but were came under Chaulukyas by tenth century. After fall of Chaulukya, Vaghelas ruled the state. Following conquest of Sindh by Muslim rulers, Rajput Samma started moving southwards to Kutch and ruled western regions initially. By tenth century, they controlled significant area of Kutch and by thirteenth century they controlled whole of Kutch and adopted a new dynastic identity, Jadeja.
Jam is a native title of rulers of a few princely states, notably born in western British India by the Samaa dynasty and their Jadeja branch.
Syed Bilawal Shah Noorani was a Sufi saint whose shrine is located in Balochistan, a western province of Pakistan.
