Margaret Mulholland

Last updated
Margaret Mulholland
Alma materUniversity of Maryland, College Park
Scientific career
InstitutionsOld Dominion University
Thesis Nitrogen utilization, metabolism and the regulation of N₂ fixation in Trichodesmium spp.  (1998)

Margaret Ruth Mulholland is professor at Old Dominion University known for her work on nutrients in marine and estuarine environments.

Contents

Education and career

Mulholland has a B.S. from the University of Notre Dame (1984), and an M.S. in biological oceanography (1986) and an M.M. in marine affairs (1992) from the University of Washington. [1] In 1998 she earned her Ph.D. in biological oceanography from the University of Maryland. [2] As of 2022 she is a professor at Old Dominion University. [1]

Research

Mulholland's early research examined the oxidation of amino acids [3] and nitrogen cycling by the marine bacterium Trichodesmium. [4] [5] Her subsequent work investigated nitrogen cycling in harmful algae including Aureococcus [6] [7] and Karenia brevis. [8] She has examined how phytoplankton will respond to an ocean enriched in carbon dioxide, [9] the impact of climate change on the Chesapeake Bay, [10] and the contribution of nitrogen-fixing organisms to nutrient cycling. [11] [12] Her research tracks organic compounds in seawater, for example cyanate [13] or compounds produced by phytoplankton. [14] In coastal environments she has researched the impact of coastal flooding and the movement of pollution during floods. [15] [16] As of 2022 she has an h-index of 46 and has publications that have been cited more than 7000 times. [17]

Selected publications

Related Research Articles

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"Resurrection ecology" is an evolutionary biology technique whereby researchers hatch dormant eggs from lake sediments to study animals as they existed decades ago. It is a new approach that might allow scientists to observe evolution as it occurred, by comparing the animal forms hatched from older eggs with their extant descendants. This technique is particularly important because the live organisms hatched from egg banks can be used to learn about the evolution of behavioural, plastic or competitive traits that are not apparent from more traditional paleontological methods.

A chemocline is a type of cline, a layer of fluid with different properties, characterized by a strong, vertical chemistry gradient within a body of water. In bodies of water where chemoclines occur, the cline separates the upper and lower layers, resulting in different properties for those layers. The lower layer shows a change in the concentration of dissolved gases and solids compared to the upper layer.

The G. Evelyn Hutchinson Award is an award granted annually by the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography to a mid-career scientist for work accomplished during the preceding 5–10 years for excellence in any aspect of limnology or oceanography. The award is named in honor of the ecologist and limnologist G. Evelyn Hutchinson. Hutchinson requested that recipients of the award have made considerable contributions to knowledge, and that their future work promise a continuing legacy of scientific excellence.

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Cyanobionts are cyanobacteria that live in symbiosis with a wide range of organisms such as terrestrial or aquatic plants; as well as, algal and fungal species. They can reside within extracellular or intracellular structures of the host. In order for a cyanobacterium to successfully form a symbiotic relationship, it must be able to exchange signals with the host, overcome defense mounted by the host, be capable of hormogonia formation, chemotaxis, heterocyst formation, as well as possess adequate resilience to reside in host tissue which may present extreme conditions, such as low oxygen levels, and/or acidic mucilage. The most well-known plant-associated cyanobionts belong to the genus Nostoc. With the ability to differentiate into several cell types that have various functions, members of the genus Nostoc have the morphological plasticity, flexibility and adaptability to adjust to a wide range of environmental conditions, contributing to its high capacity to form symbiotic relationships with other organisms. Several cyanobionts involved with fungi and marine organisms also belong to the genera Richelia, Calothrix, Synechocystis, Aphanocapsa and Anabaena, as well as the species Oscillatoria spongeliae. Although there are many documented symbioses between cyanobacteria and marine organisms, little is known about the nature of many of these symbioses. The possibility of discovering more novel symbiotic relationships is apparent from preliminary microscopic observations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bacterioplankton</span> Bacterial component of the plankton that drifts in the water column

Bacterioplankton refers to the bacterial component of the plankton that drifts in the water column. The name comes from the Ancient Greek word πλανκτος, meaning "wanderer" or "drifter", and bacterium, a Latin term coined in the 19th century by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg. They are found in both seawater and freshwater.

CandidatusAtelocyanobacterium thalassa, also referred to as UCYN-A, is a diazotrophic species of cyanobacteria commonly found in measurable quantities throughout the world's oceans and some seas. Members of A. thalassa are spheroid in shape and are 1-2µm in diameter, and provide nitrogen to ocean regions by fixing non biologically available atmospheric nitrogen into biologically available ammonium that other marine microorganisms can use. Unlike many other cyanobacteria, the genome of A. thalassa does not contain genes for RuBisCO, photosystem II, or the TCA cycle. Consequently, A. thalassa lacks the ability to fix carbon via photosynthesis. Some genes specific to the cyanobacteria group are also absent from the A. thalassa genome despite being an evolutionary descendant of this group. With the inability to fix their own carbon, A. thalassa are obligate symbionts that have been found within photosynthetic picoeukaryote algae. Most notably, the UCYN-A2 sublineage has been observed as an endosymbiont in the alga Braarudosphaera bigelowii with a minimum of 1-2 endosymbionts per host. A. thalassa fixes nitrogen for the algae, while the algae provide carbon for A. thalassa through photosynthesis. There are many sublineages of A. thalassa that are distributed across a wide range of marine environments and host organisms. It appears that some sublineages of A. thalassa have a preference for oligotrophic ocean waters while other sublineages prefer coastal waters. Much is still unknown about all of A. thalassa's hosts and host preferences.

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Lawrence Richards Pomeroy was a zoologist, ecologist, and oceanographer.

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References

  1. 1 2 "Margaret Mulholland". Old Dominion University. Retrieved 2022-03-18.
  2. Mulholland, Margaret Ruth (1998). Nitrogen utilization, metabolism and the regulation of N-fixation in Trichodesmium spp (Thesis). OCLC   40949523.
  3. Mulholland, MR; Glibert, PM; Berg, GM; Van Heukelem, L; Pantoja, S; Lee, C (1998). "Extracellular amino acid oxidation by microplankton: a cross-ecosystem comparison". Aquatic Microbial Ecology. 15: 141–152. doi: 10.3354/ame015141 . ISSN   0948-3055.
  4. Mulholland, Margaret R.; Capone, Douglas G. (2000-04-01). "The nitrogen physiology of the marine N2-fixing cyanobacteria Trichodesmium spp". Trends in Plant Science. 5 (4): 148–153. doi:10.1016/S1360-1385(00)01576-4. ISSN   1360-1385. PMID   10740295.
  5. Mulholland, Mr; Capone, Dg (1999). "Nitrogen fixation, uptake and metabolism in natural and cultured populations of Trichodesmium spp". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 188: 33–49. Bibcode:1999MEPS..188...33M. doi: 10.3354/meps188033 . ISSN   0171-8630.
  6. Mulholland, Margaret R.; Gobler, Christopher J.; Lee, Cindy (2002). "Peptide hydrolysis, amino acid oxidation, and nitrogen uptake in communities seasonally dominated by Aureococcus anophagefferens". Limnology and Oceanography. 47 (4): 1094–1108. Bibcode:2002LimOc..47.1094M. doi:10.4319/lo.2002.47.4.1094. ISSN   0024-3590. S2CID   86067819.
  7. Mulholland, Margaret R.; Boneillo, George; Minor, Elizabeth C. (2004-11-01). "A comparison of N and C uptake during brown tide (Aureococcus anophagefferens) blooms from two coastal bays on the east coast of the USA". Harmful Algae. Brown Tides. 3 (4): 361–376. doi:10.1016/j.hal.2004.06.007. ISSN   1568-9883.
  8. Killberg-Thoreson, Lynn; Mulholland, Margaret R.; Heil, Cynthia A.; Sanderson, Marta P.; O’Neil, Judith M.; Bronk, Deborah A. (2014). "Nitrogen uptake kinetics in field populations and cultured strains of Karenia brevis". Harmful Algae. 38: 73–85. doi:10.1016/j.hal.2014.04.008.
  9. HUTCHINS, DAVID A.; MULHOLLAND, MARGARET R.; FU, FEIXUE (2009). "Nutrient Cycles and Marine Microbes in a CO₂-Enriched Ocean". Oceanography. 22 (4): 128–145. doi: 10.5670/oceanog.2009.103 . ISSN   1042-8275. JSTOR   24861030.
  10. Najjar, Raymond G.; Pyke, Christopher R.; Adams, Mary Beth; Breitburg, Denise; Hershner, Carl; Kemp, Michael; Howarth, Robert; Mulholland, Margaret R.; Paolisso, Michael; Secor, David; Sellner, Kevin (2010-01-01). "Potential climate-change impacts on the Chesapeake Bay". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 86 (1): 1–20. Bibcode:2010ECSS...86....1N. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2009.09.026. ISSN   0272-7714.
  11. Mulholland, M. R.; Bernhardt, P. W.; Blanco-Garcia, J. L.; Mannino, A.; Hyde, K.; Mondragon, E.; Turk, K.; Moisander, P. H.; Zehr, J. P. (2012-06-24). "Rates of dinitrogen fixation and the abundance of diazotrophs in North American coastal waters between Cape Hatteras and Georges Bank". Limnology and Oceanography. 57 (4): 1067–1083. Bibcode:2012LimOc..57.1067M. doi:10.4319/lo.2012.57.4.1067. hdl: 2060/20140006592 . ISSN   0024-3590. S2CID   13692577.
  12. Sipler, Rachel E.; Gong, Donglai; Baer, Steven E.; Sanderson, Marta P.; Roberts, Quinn N.; Mulholland, Margaret R.; Bronk, Deborah A. (2017-07-28). "Preliminary estimates of the contribution of Arctic nitrogen fixation to the global nitrogen budget". Limnology and Oceanography Letters. 2 (5): 159–166. doi: 10.1002/lol2.10046 . ISSN   2378-2242. S2CID   90277458.
  13. Widner, Brittany; Mordy, Calvin W.; Mulholland, Margaret R. (2017-11-20). "Cyanate distribution and uptake above and within the Eastern Tropical South Pacific oxygen deficient zone". Limnology and Oceanography. 63 (S1). doi: 10.1002/lno.10730 . ISSN   0024-3590. S2CID   103002246.
  14. Cao, Xiaoyan; Mulholland, Margaret R.; Helms, John R.; Bernhardt, Peter W.; Duan, Pu; Mao, Jingdong; Schmidt-Rohr, Klaus (2017-11-21). "A Major Step in Opening the Black Box of High-Molecular-Weight Dissolved Organic Nitrogen by Isotopic Labeling of Synechococcus and Multibond Two-Dimensional NMR". Analytical Chemistry. 89 (22): 11990–11998. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02335. ISSN   0003-2700. PMID   29083864.
  15. Coutu, Peter (November 2, 2018). "Tidal flooding could pose serious problems for Chesapeake Bay restoration, professor says". Virginian Pilot. Retrieved 2022-03-18.
  16. Scauzillo, Steve (2019-03-16). "How areas flood, even on sunny days — it's a thing". San Gabriel Valley Tribune. Retrieved 2022-03-18.
  17. "MARGARET MULHOLLAND". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2022-03-18.