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Root nodules are found on the roots of plants, primarily legumes, that form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, capable plants form a symbiotic relationship with a host-specific strain of bacteria known as rhizobia. This process has evolved multiple times within the legumes, as well as in other species found within the Rosid clade. Legume crops include beans, peas, and soybeans.
Pseudomonas azotifigens is a Gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from a compost pile in Japan.
The nif genes are genes encoding enzymes involved in the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen into a form of nitrogen available to living organisms. The primary enzyme encoded by the nif genes is the nitrogenase complex which is in charge of converting atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to other nitrogen forms such as ammonia which the organism can use for various purposes. Besides the nitrogenase enzyme, the nif genes also encode a number of regulatory proteins involved in nitrogen fixation. The nif genes are found in both free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria and in symbiotic bacteria associated with various plants. The expression of the nif genes is induced as a response to low concentrations of fixed nitrogen and oxygen concentrations (the low oxygen concentrations are actively maintained in the root environment of host plants). The first Rhizobium genes for nitrogen fixation (nif) and for nodulation (nod) were cloned in the early 1980s by Gary Ruvkun and Sharon R. Long in Frederick M. Ausubel's laboratory.
Bradyrhizobium japonicum is a species of legume-root nodulating, microsymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The species is one of many Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria commonly referred to as rhizobia. Within that broad classification, which has three groups, taxonomy studies using DNA sequencing indicate that B. japonicum belongs within homology group II.
Actibacter is a genus in the phylum Bacteroidota (Bacteria). The genus contains a single species, namely A. sediminis.
Shewanella sediminis is a hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine-degrading bacterium from marine sediment. It is psychrophilic and rod-shaped, with type strain HAW-EB3T.
Azotobacter chroococcum is a bacterium that has the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. It was discovered by Martinus Beijerinck in 1901, and was the first aerobic, free-living nitrogen fixer discovered. A. chroococcum could be useful for nitrogen fixation in crops as a biofertilizer, fungicide, and nutrient indicator, and in bioremediation.
Pleomorphomonas oryzae is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium species from the genus of Pleomorphomonas which has been isolated from the rice plant Oryza sativa in Japan.
Sphingomonas azotifigens is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the genus of Sphingomonas which has been isolated from the root of a rice plant in Mishima in Japan.
Azospirillum is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, non-fermentative and nitrogen-fixing bacterial genus from the family of Rhodospirillaceae. Azospirillum bacteria can promote plant growth.
Laceyella sediminis is a thermophilic bacterium from the genus of Laceyella which has been isolated from sediments from a hot spring in Tengchong in China.
Motiliproteus sediminis is a bacterium from the genus of Motiliproteus which has been isolated from coastal sediments from the Yellow Sea in China.
Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a bacterium with a rod-like shape, has circular ends, and can be classified as a Gram-negative bacterium. The bacterium is known for stimulating plant growth and being tolerant to acetic acid. With one to three lateral flagella, and known to be found on sugarcane, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus was discovered in Brazil by Vladimir A. Cavalcante and Johanna Dobereiner.
Demequina sediminis is a Gram-positive bacterium from the genus Demequina which has been isolated from sediments from the Tama River in Japan.
Echinicola sediminis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped and aerobic bacterium from the genus of Echinicola which has been isolated from beach sediments from the Yellow Sea from Sindu-ri in Korea.
Salegentibacter sediminis is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Salegentibacter which has been isolated from sediment obtained from the coast of Weihai.
Winogradskyella sediminis is a Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus of Winogradskyella which has been isolated from sediments from the Yellow Sea.
Mangrovibacterium diazotrophicum is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium from the genus of Mangrovibacterium which has been isolated from mangrove sediments.
Antarcticimicrobium sediminis is a Gram-negative, aerobic and non-motile bacterium from the genus of Antarcticimicrobium.
Seonamhaeicola sediminis is a Gram-negative and facultatively anaerobic bacterium from the genus of Seonamhaeicola which has been isolated from marine sediments from the Xiaoshi Island from China.
References
- 1 2 "Species: Maribellus sediminis". LPSN.DSMZ.de.
- ↑ Huang, Zhaobin; Hu, Yuzhong; Lai, Qiliang; Guo, Yu (July 2020). "Description of Maribellus sediminis sp. nov., a marine nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from sediment of cordgrass and mangrove". Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 43 (4): 126099. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2020.126099. PMID 32690193. S2CID 220669560.
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