Marie Favereau | |
---|---|
Nationality | French |
Title | Associate Professor of history |
Academic background | |
Alma mater | Paris-Sorbonne University |
Thesis | La horde d’or de 1377 à 1502: Aux sources d’un siècle « sans Histoire » |
Doctoral advisor | Stéphane Viellardat |
Academic work | |
Discipline | History |
Sub-discipline | History of the Mongol empire |
Institutions | Paris Nanterre University |
Notable works | The Horde :how the Mongols changed the world (Harvard,2021) |
Marie Favereau Doumenjou is a French historian and writer. She currently teaches medieval history at Paris Nanterre University,and specialises in the history of the Mongol Empire and Islamic history. She has published several books. Her 2021 book,The Horde:How the Mongols Changed the World,was published to critical acclaim,being nominated for the Cundill Prize,the Prose Award in World History by the Association of American Publishers,and listed as a notable book of the year by several publications.
Favereau completed her undergraduate and masters' degrees in history from the Paris-Sorbonne University,where she also obtained a degree in Arabic language and civilization. [1] Her doctoral thesis,La horde d’or de 1377 à1502:Aux sources d’un siècle « sans Histoire »,was supervised by Stéphane Viellardat at the Paris-Sorbonne University and University of San Marino. [1] [2] Favereau is currently an associate professor of history at Paris Nanterre University, [3] and was a member of the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology. [4] She previously worked as a researcher at the University of Oxford,on a project concerning nomadic empires,from 2014 to 2019,held a Fulbright Scholarship at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton,and lectured at the University of Leiden (2011-2014). [5]
Favereau has published several books,beginning with La Horde D'or Et Le Sultanat Mamelouk:Naissance D'une Alliance in 2018;a history of the Mamluk sultanate's alliance with the Golden Horde. [6] She then published La Horde d'Or et l'islamisation des steppes eurasiatiques, which is an account of the conversion of the khans Berke and Özbeg,and the spread of Islam amongst the Mongols. [7] In 2020,she published a children's novel about the life of Genghis Khan,illustrated by Laurent Seigneuret. [8]
In 2021,Favereau published The Horde:How the Mongols Changed the World, which was described by the publisher (Harvard University Press) as "..the first comprehensive history of the Horde". [9] The Horde was a finalist for the Cundill Prize in 2021,being described by a judge,Michael Ignatieff,as a "a vividly written history on a vast canvas". [10] It was also a finalist in the world history category of the 2022 Prose Awards by the Association of American Publishers. [11] Several publications included it on lists of the best history and non-fiction books of 2021,including writer Stephen L. Carter for The Washington Post [12] , and historian Peter Frankopan for The Spectator. [13]
The Golden Horde, self-designated as Ulug Ulus, lit. 'Great State' in Turkic, was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. With the disintegration of the Mongol Empire after 1259, it became a functionally separate khanate. It is also known as the Kipchak Khanate or as the Ulus of Jochi, and it replaced the earlier, less organized Cuman–Kipchak confederation.
Batu Khan was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Golden Horde, a constituent of the Mongol Empire. Batu was a son of Jochi, thus a grandson of Genghis Khan. His ulus ruled over the Kievan Rus', Volga Bulgaria, Cumania, and the Caucasus for around 250 years.
Henri Troyat was a Russian-born French author, biographer, historian and novelist.
A Borjigin is a member of the Mongol sub-clan that started with Bodonchar Munkhag of the Kiyat clan. Yesugei's descendants were thus said to be Kiyat-Borjigin. The senior Borjigids provided ruling princes for Mongolia and Inner Mongolia until the 20th century. The clan formed the ruling class among the Mongols and some other peoples of Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Today, the Borjigid are found in most of Mongolia, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang, and additionally genetic research has shown that descent from Genghis Khan and Timur is common throughout Central Asia and other regions.
Kitbuqa Noyan, also spelled Kitbogha, Kitboga, or Ketbugha, was an Eastern Christian of the Naimans, a group that was subservient to the Mongol Empire. He was a lieutenant and confidant of the Mongol Ilkhan Hulagu, assisting him in his conquests in the Middle East and massive destruction of Baghdad and massacre of innocent citizens. When Hulagu took the bulk of his forces back with him to attend a ceremony in Mongolia, Kitbuqa was left in control of Syria, and was responsible for further Mongol raids southwards towards the Mamluk Sultanate based in Cairo. He was killed at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260.
Berke Khan was a grandson of Genghis Khan and a Mongol military commander and ruler of the Golden Horde who effectively consolidated the power of the Blue Horde and White Horde from 1257 to 1266. He succeeded his brother Batu Khan of the Blue Horde (West), and was responsible for the first official establishment of Islam in a khanate of the Mongol Empire. Following the Sack of Baghdad by Hulagu Khan, his cousin and head of the Mongol Ilkhanate based in Persia, he allied with the Egyptian Mamluks against Hulagu. Berke also supported Ariq Böke against Kublai in the Toluid Civil War, but did not intervene militarily in the war because he was occupied in his own war against Hulagu and the Ilkhanate.
René Grousset was a French historian, curator of both the Cernuschi and Guimet Museums in Paris, and a member of the prestigious Académie française. He wrote several major works on Asiatic and Oriental civilizations, with his two most important works being Histoire des croisades et du royaume franc de Jérusalem (1934–1936) and The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia (1939), both of which were considered standard references on the subject.
The Great Horde was a rump state of the Golden Horde that existed from the mid-15th century to 1502. It was centered at the core of the Golden Horde at Sarai. Both the Khanate of Astrakhan and the Khanate of Crimea broke away from the Great Horde throughout its existence, and were hostile to the Great Horde. The defeat of the forces of the Great Horde at the Great Stand on the Ugra River by Ivan III of Russia marked the end of the "Tatar yoke" over Russia.
Starting in the 1240s, the Mongols made repeated invasions of Syria or attempts thereof. Most failed, but they did have some success in 1260 and 1300, capturing Aleppo and Damascus and destroying the Ayyubid dynasty. The Mongols were forced to retreat within months each time by other forces in the area, primarily the Egyptian Mamluks. Since 1260, it had been described as the Mamluk–Ilkhanid War.
The family tree of Genghis Khan is listed below. This family tree only lists prominent members of the Borjigin family and does not reach the present. Genghis Khan appears in the middle of the tree, and Kublai Khan appears at the bottom of the tree. The Borjigin family was the imperial house of the Mongol Empire, dating back to the 13th and 14th centuries.
The location of the burial place of Genghis Khan has been the subject of much speculation and research. The site remains undiscovered, although it is generally believed that it is near the Mongol sacred mountain of Burkhan Khaldun in the Khentii Mountains.
Maria Palaiologina was the daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos who became the wife of the Mongol ruler Abaqa Khan, and an influential Christian leader among the Mongols. After Abaqa's death she became the leader of a Monastery in Constantinople which was popularly named after her as Saint Mary of the Mongols. Her monastic name was Melanie.
Henry Bauchau was a Belgian psychoanalyst, lawyer, and author of French prose and poetry.
Jean-Paul Roux, PhD was a French Turkologist and a specialist in Islamic culture.
A Byzantine-Mongol Alliance occurred during the end of the 13th and the beginning of the 14th century between the Byzantine Empire and the Mongol Empire. Byzantium actually tried to maintain friendly relations with both the Golden Horde and the Ilkhanate realms, who were often at war with each other. The alliance involved numerous exchanges of presents, military collaboration and marital links, but dissolved in the middle of the 14th century.
Jochi, the eldest son of Genghis Khan, had several sons. When he died, they inherited their father's dominions as fiefs under the rule of their brothers, Batu Khan, as supreme khan and Orda Khan, who, although the elder of the two, agreed that Batu enjoyed primacy as the Khan of the Golden Horde.
Lucien Musset was a French historian, specializing in the Duchy of Normandy and the history of the Vikings.
Lucie Paul-Margueritte was a French-language writer and translator. She was the recipient of the Legion of Honour as well as multiple awards from the Académie Française. She lived and worked with her widowed sister, Ève Paul-Margueritte.
Ève Paul-Margueritte was a French-language writer, the author of many sentimental novels. After she was widowed and her sister, Lucie Paul-Margueritte, was divorced, they lived and worked together, co-authoring at least two books, and several translations. She translated from English to French works by Alice and Claude Askew, Thomas Hardy, E. Phillips Oppenheim, Garrett P. Serviss, Bram Stoker Lilian Turner, Paul Urquhart, and A. M. Williamson. Paul-Margueritte was the recipient of the "Prix Jean-Jacques-Berger", for Auteuil et Passy, 1947, and the "Prix Georges-Dupau", 1950, from the Académie Française.
The Otrar Catastrophe was a siege that took place between December 1219 and February 1220 during the Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire at Otrar, a large trading city on the Syr Darya river. Inalchuq, the city's governor, had seized the goods of a Mongol trade caravan the previous year; after more provocations from Inalchuq's liege and ruler of the Khwarazmian Empire, Shah Muhammad II, Genghis Khan launched a full-scale invasion of the empire.