Marie Favereau | |
---|---|
Nationality | French |
Title | Associate Professor of history |
Academic background | |
Alma mater | Paris-Sorbonne University |
Thesis | La horde d’or de 1377 à 1502: Aux sources d’un siècle « sans Histoire » |
Doctoral advisor | Stéphane Viellardat |
Academic work | |
Discipline | History |
Sub-discipline | History of the Mongol empire |
Institutions | Paris Nanterre University |
Notable works | The Horde:How the Mongols Changed the World (Harvard,2021) |
Marie Favereau Doumenjou is a French historian and writer. She currently teaches medieval history at Paris Nanterre University,and specialises in the history of the Mongol Empire and Islamic history. She has published several books. Her 2021 book,The Horde:How the Mongols Changed the World,was published to critical acclaim,being nominated for the Cundill Prize,the Prose Award in World History by the Association of American Publishers,and listed as a notable book of the year by several publications.
Favereau completed her undergraduate and masters' degrees in history from the Paris-Sorbonne University,where she also obtained a degree in Arabic language and civilization. [1] Her doctoral thesis,La horde d’or de 1377 à1502:Aux sources d’un siècle « sans Histoire »,was supervised by Stéphane Viellardat at the Paris-Sorbonne University and University of San Marino. [1] [2] Favereau is currently an associate professor of history at Paris Nanterre University, [3] and was a member of the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology. [4] She previously worked as a researcher at the University of Oxford from 2014 to 2019 on a project concerning nomadic empires,held a Fulbright Scholarship at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton,and lectured at Leiden University from 2011 to 2014. [5]
Favereau has published several books,beginning with La Horde D'or Et Le Sultanat Mamelouk:Naissance D'une Alliance in 2018;a history of the Mamluk sultanate's alliance with the Golden Horde. [6] She then published La Horde d'Or et l'islamisation des steppes eurasiatiques, which is an account of the conversion of the khans Berke and Özbeg,and the spread of Islam amongst the Mongols. [7] In 2020,she published a children's novel about the life of Genghis Khan,illustrated by Laurent Seigneuret. [8]
In 2021,Favereau published The Horde:How the Mongols Changed the World, which was described by the publisher (Harvard University Press) as "..the first comprehensive history of the Horde". [9] The Horde was a finalist for the Cundill Prize in 2021,being described by a judge,Michael Ignatieff,as a "a vividly written history on a vast canvas". [10] It was also a finalist in the world history category of the 2022 Prose Awards by the Association of American Publishers. [11] Several publications included it on lists of the best history and non-fiction books of 2021,including writer Stephen L. Carter for The Washington Post [12] , and historian Peter Frankopan for The Spectator. [13]
The Golden Horde, self-designated as Ulug Ulus, was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. With the division of the Mongol Empire after 1259, it became a functionally separate khanate. It is also known as the Kipchak Khanate or the Ulus of Jochi, and replaced the earlier, less organized Cuman–Kipchak confederation.
The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous empire in history. Originating in present-day Mongolia in East Asia, the Mongol Empire at its height stretched from the Sea of Japan to parts of Eastern Europe, extending northward into parts of the Arctic; eastward and southward into parts of the Indian subcontinent, mounted invasions of Southeast Asia, and conquered the Iranian Plateau; and reached westward as far as the Levant and the Carpathian Mountains.
Jochi, also known as Jüchi, was a prince of the early Mongol Empire. His life was marked by controversy over the circumstances of his birth and culminated in his estrangement from his family. He was nevertheless a prominent military commander and the progenitor of the family who ruled over the khanate of the Golden Horde.
A Borjigin is a member of the Mongol sub-clan that started with Bodonchar Munkhag of the Kiyat clan. Yesugei's descendants were thus said to be Kiyat-Borjigin. The senior Borjigids provided ruling princes for Mongolia and Inner Mongolia until the 20th century. The clan formed the ruling class among the Mongols and some other peoples of Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Today, the Borjigid are found in most of Mongolia, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang, and genetic research has shown that descent from Genghis Khan and Timur is common throughout Central Asia and other regions.
René Grousset was a French historian who was curator of both the Cernuschi Museum and the Guimet Museum in Paris and a member of the prestigious Académie française. He wrote several major works on Asiatic and Oriental civilizations, with his two most important works being Histoire des croisades et du royaume franc de Jérusalem (1934–1936) and The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia (1939), both of which were considered standard references on the subject.
Starting in the 1240s, the Mongols made repeated invasions of Syria or attempts thereof. Most failed, but they did have some success in 1260 and 1300, capturing Aleppo and Damascus and destroying the Ayyubid dynasty. The Mongols were forced to retreat within months each time by other forces in the area, primarily the Egyptian Mamluks. The post-1260 conflict has been described as the Mamluk–Ilkhanid War.
Meñli I Giray was the khan of the Crimean Khanate and the sixth son of Hacı I Giray.
Jean Carbonnier (1908–2003) was one of the most important French jurists of the 20th century. He was a civil law specialist and a private law professor.
Öljaitü, also known as Mohammad-e Khodabandeh, was the eighth Ilkhanid dynasty ruler from 1304 to 1316 in Tabriz, Iran. His name 'Öjaitü' means 'blessed' in the Mongolian language and his last name 'Khodabandeh' means 'God's servant' in the Persian language.
Maria Palaiologina was the daughter of the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos who became the wife of the Mongol ruler Abaqa Khan, and an influential Christian leader among the Mongols. After Abaqa's death she became the leader of a monastery in Constantinople which was popularly named after her as Saint Mary of the Mongols. Her monastic name was Melanie.
Henry Bauchau was a Belgian psychoanalyst, lawyer, and author of French prose and poetry.
Jean-Paul Roux, PhD was a French Turkologist and a specialist in Islamic culture.
A Byzantine-Mongol Alliance occurred during the end of the 13th and the beginning of the 14th century between the Byzantine Empire and the Mongol Empire. Byzantium attempted to maintain friendly relations with both the Golden Horde and the Ilkhanate realms, and was caught in the middle of growing conflict between the two. The alliance involved numerous exchanges of presents, military collaboration and marital links, but dissolved in the middle of the 14th century.
Genghis Khan, also known as Chinggis Khan, was the founder and first khan of the Mongol Empire. After spending most of his life uniting the Mongol tribes, he launched a series of military campaigns, conquering large parts of China and Central Asia.
Alain Viala was a sociologist and literature scholar, and a professor of French literature at the University of Oxford and at the University of Paris III and a fellow of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. He worked mainly on the French literature of the 17th century.
Mongol campaigns in Central Asia occurred after the unification of the Mongol and Turkic tribes on the Mongolian plateau in 1206. Smaller military operations of the Mongol Empire in Central Asia included the destruction of surviving Merkit and Naimans and the conquest of Qara Khitai. These were followed by a major campaign against Khwarazm. Expansion into Central Asia began in 1209 as Genghis Khan sent an expedition to pursue rivals who had fled to the region and threatened his new empire. The Uyghur kingdom Qocho and leaders of the Karluks submitted voluntarily to the Mongol Empire and married into the imperial family. By 1218 the Mongols controlled all of Xinjiang and by 1221 all the territories of the former Khwarazmian Empire. In 1236, the Mongols defeated the eastern portions of Cumania and swept into Eastern Europe.
The Wings of the Golden Horde were subdivisions of the Golden Horde in the 13th to 15th centuries CE. Jochi, the eldest son of the Mongol Empire founder Genghis Khan, had several sons who inherited Jochi's dominions as fiefs under the rule of two of the brothers, Batu Khan and the elder Orda Khan who agreed that Batu enjoyed primacy as the supreme khan of the Golden Horde.
Ève Paul-Margueritte was a French-language writer, the author of many sentimental novels. After she was widowed and her sister, Lucie Paul-Margueritte, was divorced, they lived and worked together, co-authoring at least two books, and several translations. She translated from English to French works by Alice and Claude Askew, Thomas Hardy, E. Phillips Oppenheim, Garrett P. Serviss, Bram Stoker Lilian Turner, Paul Urquhart, and A. M. Williamson. Paul-Margueritte was the recipient of the "Prix Jean-Jacques-Berger", for Auteuil et Passy, 1947, and the "Prix Georges-Dupau", 1950, from the Académie Française.
The Otrar Catastrophe was a siege that took place between December 1219 and February 1220 during the Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire at Otrar, a large trading city on the Syr Darya river. Inalchuq, the city's governor, had seized the goods of a Mongol trade caravan the previous year; after more provocations from Inalchuq's liege and ruler of the Khwarazmian Empire, Shah Muhammad II, Genghis Khan launched a full-scale invasion of the empire.
The Horde: How the Mongols Changed the World is a 2021 non-fiction book by Marie Favereau, a professor at Paris Nanterre University. It describes the foundation, administration, and eventual fate of the Golden Horde, one of the successor states of the Mongol Empire. The Horde received positive reviews for its accessibility and comprehensive detail.