Marina Bosi

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Marina Bosi is a Consulting Professor at Stanford University's Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA). [1] Originally a flutist and flute teacher, she is known for her work on digital audio coding formats.

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Education

Marina Bosi was born near Milan and raised in Florence. [2] She studied the flute with Severino Gazzelloni, and earned a diploma in the flute at the Conservatory of Music in Florence. [3] She then taught flute at the Conservatory of Music in Venice. She later went back to school at the University of Florence where she graduated with a doctorate in physics. [4] Her dissertation (developed and implemented through research at IRCAM in Paris) was “Design of a High-Speed Computer System for the Processing of Musical Sound".

Career

She served as chief technology officer at MPEG LA and as a vice president at Digital Theater Systems (DTS). At Dolby Laboratories she helped to develop the AC-2, AC-3, and MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding technologies. She has also worked on devising standards for audio and video technology and digital content. [5] Bosi was also a part of the research team that created the 5.1 channel Dolby Digital format. [6]

Bosi came to the United States to be a visiting scholar at Stanford University's Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA). In the early 1990s, she developed Stanford's first course in digital audio coding, which eventually led to the publication of a textbook in the area. [7] She is a founding member of the Digital Media Project and serves on its board of directors. [8]

She is a past president of the Audio Engineering Society [4] and has received the AES Board of Governors and Fellowship awards. [3] In 2019, Marina Bosi was presented with the AES Silver Medal Award "in recognition of outstanding achievements in the development and standardization of audio and video coding and of secure digital rights management." [9]

Selected publications

Related Research Articles

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MPEG-1 is a standard for lossy compression of video and audio. It is designed to compress VHS-quality raw digital video and CD audio down to about 1.5 Mbit/s without excessive quality loss, making video CDs, digital cable/satellite TV and digital audio broadcasting (DAB) practical.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MPEG-2</span> Video encoding standard

MPEG-2 is a standard for "the generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information". It describes a combination of lossy video compression and lossy audio data compression methods, which permit storage and transmission of movies using currently available storage media and transmission bandwidth. While MPEG-2 is not as efficient as newer standards such as H.264/AVC and H.265/HEVC, backwards compatibility with existing hardware and software means it is still widely used, for example in over-the-air digital television broadcasting and in the DVD-Video standard.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Super Audio CD</span> Read-only optical disc for high-fidelity audio storage

Super Audio CD (SACD) is an optical disc format for audio storage introduced in 1999. It was developed jointly by Sony and Philips Electronics and intended to be the successor to the compact disc (CD) format.

MPEG-1 Audio Layer II or MPEG-2 Audio Layer II is a lossy audio compression format defined by ISO/IEC 11172-3 alongside MPEG-1 Audio Layer I and MPEG-1 Audio Layer III (MP3). While MP3 is much more popular for PC and Internet applications, MP2 remains a dominant standard for audio broadcasting.

Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) is an audio coding standard for lossy digital audio compression. Designed to be the successor of the MP3 format, AAC generally achieves higher sound quality than MP3 encoders at the same bit rate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karlheinz Brandenburg</span> German electrical engineer and mathematician

Karlheinz Brandenburg is a German electrical engineer and mathematician. Together with Ernst Eberlein, Heinz Gerhäuser, Bernhard Grill, Jürgen Herre and Harald Popp, he developed the widespread MP3 method for audio data compression. He is also known for his elementary work in the field of audio coding, the perception measurement, the wave field synthesis and psychoacoustics. Brandenburg has received numerous national and international research awards, prizes and honors for his work. Since 2000 he has been a professor of electronic media technology at the Technical University Ilmenau. Brandenburg was significantly involved in the founding of the Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology (IDMT) and currently serves as its director.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spectral band replication</span> Low bitrate digital audio enhancement technique

Spectral band replication (SBR) is a technology to enhance audio or speech codecs, especially at low bit rates and is based on harmonic redundancy in the frequency domain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding</span> Audio codec

High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding (HE-AAC) is an audio coding format for lossy data compression of digital audio defined as an MPEG-4 Audio profile in ISO/IEC 14496–3. It is an extension of Low Complexity AAC (AAC-LC) optimized for low-bitrate applications such as streaming audio. The usage profile HE-AAC v1 uses spectral band replication (SBR) to enhance the modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) compression efficiency in the frequency domain. The usage profile HE-AAC v2 couples SBR with Parametric Stereo (PS) to further enhance the compression efficiency of stereo signals.

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The Video Coding Experts Group or Visual Coding Experts Group is a working group of the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) concerned with standards for compression coding of video, images, audio, and other signals. It is responsible for standardization of the "H.26x" line of video coding standards, the "T.8xx" line of image coding standards, and related technologies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MP4 file format</span> Digital format for storing video and audio

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MPEG-1 Audio Layer I, commonly abbreviated to MP1, is one of three audio formats included in the MPEG-1 standard. It is a deliberately simplified version of MPEG-1 Audio Layer II (MP2), created for applications where lower compression efficiency could be tolerated in return for a less complex algorithm that could be executed with simpler hardware requirements. While supported by most media players, the codec is considered largely obsolete, and replaced by MP2 or MP3.

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The ISO base media file format (ISOBMFF) is a container file format that defines a general structure for files that contain time-based multimedia data such as video and audio. It is standardized in ISO/IEC 14496-12, a.k.a. MPEG-4 Part 12, and was formerly also published as ISO/IEC 15444-12, a.k.a. JPEG 2000 Part 12.

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ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29, entitled Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information, is a standardization subcommittee of the Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). It develops and facilitates international standards, technical reports, and technical specifications within the field of audio, picture, multimedia, and hypermedia information coding. SC 29 includes the well-known JPEG and MPEG experts groups, and the standards developed by SC 29 have been recognized by nine Emmy Awards.

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References

  1. "Faculty and Staff". CCRMA. Stanford University. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  2. Lambert, Mel (August 1998). "Insights: Interview with Dr. Marina Bosi". Media and Marketing. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  3. 1 2 "Marina Bosi". Department of Music. Stanford University. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  4. 1 2 Daley, Dan (September 25, 1999). "Recording Studio and AES". Billboard. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  5. "Marina Bosi". CCRMA. Stanford University. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  6. Bosi, Marina. "Q&A with Marina Bosi: Consulting Professor at Stanford University's Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics". Immersive Audio Album. Immersive Audio Album.
  7. 1 2 Bosi, Marina; Goldberg, Richard E. (2002). Introduction to Digital Audio Coding and Standards . Norwell, Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publishers (Springer). ISBN   1-4020-7357-7. Marina Bosi.
  8. "DMP Board of Directors". Digital Media Project. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  9. "AES Silver Medal Award >> Marina Bosi". Audio Engineering Society. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
  10. M. Bosi et al., “ISO/IEC MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding”', Journal of the Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 45, no.10, PP. 789–814, October 1997

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