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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to neuroscience:
Physiological psychology is a subdivision of behavioral neuroscience that studies the neural mechanisms of perception and behavior through direct manipulation of the brains of nonhuman animal subjects in controlled experiments. This field of psychology takes an empirical and practical approach when studying the brain and human behavior. Most scientists in this field believe that the mind is a phenomenon that stems from the nervous system. By studying and gaining knowledge about the mechanisms of the nervous system, physiological psychologists can uncover many truths about human behavior. Unlike other subdivisions within biological psychology, the main focus of psychological research is the development of theories that describe brain-behavior relationships.
Behavioral neuroscience, also known as biological psychology, biopsychology, or psychobiology, is the application of the principles of biology to the study of physiological, genetic, and developmental mechanisms of behavior in humans and other animals.
Developmental cognitive neuroscience is an interdisciplinary scientific field devoted to understanding psychological processes and their neurological bases in the developing organism. It examines how the mind changes as children grow up, interrelations between that and how the brain is changing, and environmental and biological influences on the developing mind and brain.
Developmental psychobiology is an interdisciplinary field, encompassing developmental psychology, biological psychology, neuroscience and many other areas of biology. The field covers all phases of ontogeny, with particular emphasis on prenatal, perinatal and early childhood development. Conducting research into basic aspects of development, for example, the development of infant attachment, sleep, eating, thermoregulation, learning, attention and acquisition of language occupies most developmental psychobiologists. At the same time, they are actively engaged in research on applied problems such as sudden infant death syndrome, the development and care of the preterm infant, autism, and the effects of various prenatal insults on the development of brain and behavior.
Glenn Daniel Wilson is a psychologist best known for his work on attitude and personality measurement, sexual attraction, deviation and dysfunction, partner compatibility, and psychology applied to performing arts. He is a fellow of the British Psychological Society and makes frequent media appearances as a psychology expert, especially in TV news and documentaries.
Stephen W. Porges is an American psychologist and neuroscientist. He is the Professor of Psychiatry at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Porges is also currently Director of the Kinsey Institute Traumatic Stress Research Consortium at Indiana University Bloomington, which studies trauma. He was previously a professor at the University of Illinois, Chicago, where he was director of the Brain-Body Center at the College of Medicine, and at the University of Maryland.
Some of the research that is conducted in the field of psychology is more "fundamental" than the research conducted in the applied psychological disciplines, and does not necessarily have a direct application. The subdisciplines within psychology that can be thought to reflect a basic-science orientation include biological psychology, cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, and so on. Research in these subdisciplines is characterized by methodological rigor. The concern of psychology as a basic science is in understanding the laws and processes that underlie behavior, cognition, and emotion. Psychology as a basic science provides a foundation for applied psychology. Applied psychology, by contrast, involves the application of psychological principles and theories yielded up by the basic psychological sciences; these applications are aimed at overcoming problems or promoting well-being in areas such as mental and physical health and education.
The Foundation for Psychocultural Research is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization based in Los Angeles that supports and advances interdisciplinary and integrative research and training on interactions of culture, neuroscience, psychiatry, and psychology, with an emphasis on cultural processes as central. The primary objective is to help articulate and support the creation of transformative paradigms that address issues of fundamental clinical and social concern.
Philip David Zelazo is a developmental psychologist and neuroscientist. His research has helped shape the field of developmental cognitive neuroscience regarding the development of executive function.
Myron Arms Hofer is an American psychiatrist and research scientist, currently Sackler Institute Professor Emeritus in the Department of Psychiatry at Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons. He is known for his research on basic developmental processes at work within the mother-infant relationship. Using animal models, he found unexpected neurobiological and behavioral regulatory processes within the observable interactions of the infant rat and its mother. Through an experimental analysis of these sensorimotor, thermal and nutrient-based processes, he has contributed to our understanding of the impact of early maternal separation, the origins of the attachment system, and the shaping of later development by variations in how mothers and infants interact.
Homology in psychology, as in biology, refers to a relationship between characteristics that reflects the characteristics' origins in either evolution or development. Homologous behaviors can theoretically be of at least two different varieties. As with homologous anatomical characteristics, behaviors present in different species can be considered homologous if they are likely present in those species because the behaviors were present in a common ancestor of the two species. Alternatively, in much the same way as reproductive structures are considered homologous because they share a common origin in embryonic tissues, behaviors—or the neural substrates associated with those behaviors—can also be considered homologous if they share common origins in development.
Jee Hyun Kim is an Australian behavioral neuroscientist whose work focuses on emotional learning and memory during childhood and adolescence. She is an associate professor, principal research fellow, and head of the Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory at the Deakin University School of Medicine, Australia
Frances A. Champagne is a Canadian psychologist and University Professor of Psychology at the University of Texas at Austin known for her research in the fields of molecular neuroscience, maternal behavior, and epigenetics. Research in the Champagne lab explores the developmental plasticity that occurs in response to environmental experiences. She is known for her work on the epigenetic transmission of maternal behavior. Frances Champagne's research has revealed how natural variations in maternal behavior can shape the behavioral development of offspring through epigenetic changes in gene expression in a brain region specific manner. She won the NIH Director's New Innovator Award in 2007 and the Frank A. Beach Young Investigator Award in Behavioral Neuroendocrinology in 2009. She has been described as the "bee's knees of neuroscience". She serves on the Committee on Fostering Healthy Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Development Among Children and Youth in the United States.
William Tallant Greenough was a professor of psychology at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. Greenough was a pioneer in studies of neural development and brain plasticity. He studied learning and memory and the brain's responses to environmental enrichment, exercise, injury, and aging. He demonstrated that the brain continues to form new synaptic connections between nerve cells throughout life in response to environmental enrichment and learning. This mechanism is fundamental to learning and memory storage in the brain. Greenough is regarded as the predominant researcher in this area and has been described as "one of the towering figures in neuroscience".
The Federation of Associations in Behavioral & Brain Sciences is a Washington, D.C.-based coalition of learned societies dedicated to psychology and related behavioral sciences. Its official journal is Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, which is published by SAGE Publications.
Adriana Galván is an American psychologist and expert on adolescent brain development. She is a professor of psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) where she directs the Developmental Neuroscience laboratory. She was appointed the Jeffrey Wenzel Term Chair in Behavioral Neuroscience and the Dean of Undergraduate Education at UCLA.
BJ Casey is an American psychologist and expert on adolescent brain development and self control. She is a professor of Psychology and Affiliated Professor of the Justice Collaboratory and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program at Yale University where she directs the Fundamentals of the Adolescent Brain (FAB) Lab.
Howard Moltz (1927-2004) was an American developmental biopsychologist who was a professor of psychology at the University of Chicago. Much of his earlier research focused on imprinting and maternal behavior in rats, but later in his career, he shifted to using positron emission tomography to research sexual behavior in humans. He was a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and served as president of the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology. Shortly after his death in 2004, the Illinois General Assembly passed a resolution in his honor.
Kimberly G. Noble is an American neuroscientist and pediatrician known for her work in socioeconomic disparities and children's cognitive development. She is Professor of Neuroscience and Education at Teachers College, Columbia University and Director of the Neurocognition, Early Experience and Development (NEED) Lab.
References
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- ↑ "APA Distinguished Scientific Awards for an Early Career Contribution to Psychology". American Psychological Association. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ↑ Bonner, John (May 11, 2002). "Death by degrees". New Scientist. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ↑ "Basic Instinct: The Genesis of Behavior". Publishers Weekly. June 20, 2005. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ↑ "Basic Instinct: The Genesis of Behavior". WILL. December 8, 2005. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ↑ "Nature? Nurture? Or simply neither?". Futurity. July 23, 2009. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ↑ Gilbert, Scott F. (June 1, 2009). "Freaks of nature". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 119 (6): 1401. doi: 10.1172/JCI39393 . PMC 2689099 .
- ↑ Grothe, DJ (July 24, 2009). "Mark Blumberg – Freaks Of Nature". Point of Inquiry. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ↑ Kull McCray, Linzee (November 2009). "Driven to Discover". Spectator. University of Iowa. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ↑ Arp, Nic (June 23, 2014). "Blumberg honored with a MERIT Award". IowaNow. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ↑ Dingfelder, Sadie F. (January 2006). "To sleep, perchance to twitch". Monitor on Psychology. 37 (1): 51. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ↑ Agnew, Sara (September 30, 2014). "Sleep Twitches Teach Babies How To Move". Futurity. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ↑ Blumberg, Mark S.; Gravato Marques, Hugo; Iida, Fumiya (June 17, 2013). "Twitching in Sensorimotor Development from Sleeping Rats to Robots". Current Biology. 23 (12): R532–R537. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.04.075 . PMC 3709969 . PMID 23787051 . Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ↑ Wright, Bekah (February 21, 2020). "'BABIES' DEBUTS ON NETFLIX; HERE, SCIENTISTS SHARE FINDINGS". Parentology. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ↑ Epstein Moninger, Sara (December 22, 2017). "Psychological and brain sciences to get new building". University of Iowa. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ↑ Kelley, Matt (January 24, 2020). "University of Iowa dedicates new psychology and brain sciences building". Radio Iowa. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
- ↑ Blumberg, Mark S.; Spencer, John P.; Shenk, David (September 13, 2016). "Introduction to the collection 'How We Develop—Developmental Systems and the Emergence of Complex Behaviors'". WIREs Cognitive Science. 8 (1–2): e1413. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1413 . PMID 27620007. S2CID 206548487.
