Mark Cullen | |
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| Education | Yale University School of Medicine |
| Occupation | Physician |
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Mark Richard Cullen is a physician, scholar, and population health scientist known for his work in occupational medicine. As a professor at Yale and later Stanford University, his research focused on the social, environmental, behavioral and bio-medical determinants of morbidity and mortality in adults, with special emphasis on the role of workplace’in such matters.
Cullen attended Central High School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, graduating as valedictorian in 1967. He received his BA from Harvard College in 1971 and his MD from Yale University School of Medicine in 1976, and took post-graduate training in Internal Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, both also at Yale. [1]
Cullen was a Professor of Medicine and Public Health and the founder/director of the Occupational and Environmental Medicine (OEM) at Yale University School of Medicine from 1981-2009. OEM hosted the first academic clinic for the study of occupational disease in the US, and the first post-doctoral fellowship to train future researchers. [2] [3] Early in his Yale career he focused on introducing concepts of clinical epidemiology into occupational and environmental medicine as a counterpart to the prevailing approaches of population epidemiology and animal toxicology, focusing on chemical and biologic hazards of the workplace. [4] [5] [6]
His efforts enabled him to develop an academic/private partnership with Alcoa Inc. In his role as Alcoa’s senior medical officer, he extended his research into the psychosocial causes of disease in the workforce, exploiting existing administrative data on 250,000 former and present employees. [7] In 2006, Cullen was awarded an NIA grant to develop a model of population determinants of chronic disease, disability and death, followed by additional funding to study how employees and their families use various social and health benefit options. [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]
Cullen expanded his work globally in a series of sabbaticals. During his sabbatical in Zimbabwe in 1988 Cullen conducted an epidemiological study exploring the impact of chrysotile asbestos on respiratory tract injury and malignancy risks. [14] The work contributed to the recognition globally that chrysotile was a threat to health, equal in most ways to the other fiber types of asbestos. In Ecuador in 1993 he studied cottage manufacturing and horticulture, largely unregulated with rampant lead, mercury and pesticide poisoning. [15] In South Africa in 1997, he joined a government commission reviewing the training programs in occupational and environmental health, leading to establishment of a new curricular model based on the emerging experience in the US. [16] [17]
In 2009 he joined Stanford University School of Medicine as Professor of Medicine and Chief of the Division of General Medical Disciplines. [18] He oversaw the transition of Stanford Hospital from a quaternary care hospital to a broad medical system.
In 2015 Cullen founded the Center for Population Health Sciences (PHS) whose mission is to improve the health of populations by bringing together diverse disciplines and data to understand and address social, environmental, behavioral, and biological determinants. [19] [20] [21] PHS allows scholars from diverse disciplines to easily and securely share, link, and analyze large disparate population-level datasets (including high risk data), facilitating a shift toward multi-disciplinary team science. The Center has 2,000 members and hosts 150 datasets. [22]
Cullen joined the faculties of Biomedical Data Science and Epidemiology, and was appointed a senior fellow of the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research. He also served as the Senior Associate Dean of Research for the School of Medicine (2016–19) and Senior Associate Vice Provost for Research at the University (2018–19). [23]
Cullen has published in many medical and scientific journals and co-edited the Textbook of Clinical Occupational and Environmental Medicine. [24]
Cullen is married to Michele Barry, MD FACP, Director of the Center for Innovation in Global Health at Stanford. They have two children, Zoe B. Cullen and Esme B. Cullen, and three grandchildren. [25] [26] Zoe is a labor economist and Assistant Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School, [27] and Esme is an internist and public health researcher. [28]
In organic chemistry, isocyanate is the functional group with the formula R−N=C=O. Organic compounds that contain an isocyanate group are referred to as isocyanates. An organic compound with two isocyanate groups is known as a diisocyanate. Diisocyanates are manufactured for the production of polyurethanes, a class of polymers.
Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is an unrecognized and controversial diagnosis characterized by chronic symptoms attributed to exposure to low levels of commonly used chemicals. Symptoms are typically vague and non-specific. They may include fatigue, headaches, nausea, and dizziness.
Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the distribution, patterns and determinants of health and disease conditions in a defined population.
A firefighter is a first responder trained in firefighting, primarily to control and extinguish fires that threaten life and property, as well as to rescue persons from confinement or dangerous situations. Male firefighters are sometimes referred to as firemen.
Berylliosis, or chronic beryllium disease (CBD), is a chronic allergic-type lung response and chronic lung disease caused by exposure to beryllium and its compounds, a form of beryllium poisoning. It is distinct from acute beryllium poisoning, which became rare following occupational exposure limits established around 1950. Berylliosis is an occupational lung disease.
Environmental health is the branch of public health concerned with all aspects of the natural and built environment affecting human health. To effectively control factors that may affect health, the requirements that must be met to create a healthy environment must be determined. The major sub-disciplines of environmental health are environmental science, toxicology, environmental epidemiology, and environmental and occupational medicine.
An occupational injury is bodily damage resulting from working. The most common organs involved are the spine, hands, the head, lungs, eyes, skeleton, and skin. Occupational injuries can result from exposure to occupational hazards, such as temperature, noise, insect or animal bites, blood-borne pathogens, aerosols, hazardous chemicals, radiation, and occupational burnout.
Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll was a British physician who became an epidemiologist in the mid-20th century and made important contributions to that discipline. He was a pioneer in research linking smoking to health problems. With Ernst Wynder, Bradford Hill and Evarts Graham, he was credited with being the first to prove that smoking increased the risk of lung cancer and heart disease.
Community health refers to non-treatment based health services that are delivered outside hospitals and clinics. Community health is a subset of public health that is taught to and practiced by clinicians as part of their normal duties. Community health volunteers and community health workers work with primary care providers to facilitate entry into, exit from and utilization of the formal health system by community members as well as providing supplementary services such as support groups or wellness events that are not offered by medical institutions.
Contingent work, casual work, gig work or contract work, is an employment relationship with limited job security, payment on a piece work basis, typically part-time that is considered non-permanent. Although there is less job security, freelancers often report incomes higher than their former traditional jobs.
Social medicine is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the profound interplay between socio-economic factors and individual health outcomes. Rooted in the challenges of the Industrial Revolution, it seeks to:
Occupational and Environmental Medicine (OEM), previously called industrial medicine, is a board certified medical specialty under the American Board of Preventative Medicine that specializes in the prevention and treatment of work-related illnesses and injuries.
John P. A. Ioannidis is a Greek-American physician-scientist, writer and Stanford University professor who has made contributions to evidence-based medicine, epidemiology, and clinical research. Ioannidis studies scientific research itself - in other words, meta-research - primarily in clinical medicine and the social sciences.
Miquel Porta is a Catalan physician, epidemiologist and scholar. He has promoted the integration of biological, clinical and environmental knowledge and methods in health research and teaching, which he has conducted internationally; notably, in Spain, at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Harvard, Imperial College London, and several other universities in Europe, North America, Kuwait, and Brazil. Appointed by the International Epidemiological Association (IEA), in 2008 he succeeded the Canadian epidemiologist John M. Last as Editor of "A Dictionary of Epidemiology". In the Preface to this book he argues for an inclusive and integrative practice of the science of epidemiology. In September 2023, Porta made public through several social networks a call to suggest changes to the new, 7th. edition of the dictionary. The deadline for such contributions is 30 November 2023.
Michele Barry is a professor of medicine. She became Stanford's inaugural Senior Associate Dean of global health in 2009 and started the Stanford Center for Innovation in Global Health in 2010. Prior to this, she was a professor at Yale, where she started the first refugee health clinic and homeless health mobile van project, for which she was awarded the Elm Ivy Mayor’s Award. She specializes in tropical medicine, emerging infectious diseases, women’s leadership in global health, and human and planetary health.
Elizabeth Anne (Lianne) Sheppard is an American statistician. She specializes in biostatistics and environmental statistics, and in particular in the effects of air quality on health. She is a Professor of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences and a Professor of Biostatistics in the University of Washington School of Public Health. In 2021, Dr. Sheppard was named to the Rohm & Haas Endowed Professorship of Public Health Sciences.
Germaine M. Buck Louis was the Dean of the George Mason University College of Health and Human Services and professor in Mason’s Department of Global and Community Health. She led the College in becoming Virginia's first accredited College of Public Health prior to her retirement in 2022. Her expertise focuses on environmental exposures and human health, particularly human reproduction and pregnancy. Prior to her appointment as dean at George Mason in 2017, she was the founding Director for the Division of Intramural Population Health Research at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
Roel Vermeulen is a Dutch scientist and professor of Environmental epidemiology and Exposome Science at the Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences at Utrecht University and the Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care at the University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands. In 2024 Prof. Vermeulen was appointed as Distinguished University Professor of Utrecht University in which role he will focus on the theme of planetary and preventive health.
Stephanie J. London is an American epidemiologist and physician-scientist specializing in environmental health, respiratory diseases, and genetic susceptibility. She is the deputy chief of the epidemiology branch at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
Frank Erwin Speizer is an American physician and epidemiologist, currently Professor of Environmental Health and Environmental Science at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Edward H. Kass Distinguished Professor of Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School. He is best known for his work on two major epidemiological cohort studies: the Nurses' Health Study, which explored women's illnesses and health risk factors, and the Harvard Six Cities study, which definitively linked air pollution to higher death rates in urban areas.
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