Lawrence Henry Summers is an American economist who served as the 71st United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1999 to 2001 and as director of the National Economic Council from 2009 to 2010. He also served as president of Harvard University from 2001 to 2006,where he is the Charles W. Eliot University Professor and director of the Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government at Harvard Kennedy School. In November 2023,Summers joined the board of directors of artificial general intelligence company OpenAI.
Paul Adolph Volcker Jr. was an American economist who served as the 12th chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1979 to 1987. During his tenure as chairman,Volcker was widely credited with having ended the high levels of inflation seen in the United States throughout the 1970s and early 1980s,with measures known as the Volcker shock. He previously served as the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York from 1975 to 1979.
Janet Louise Yellen is an American economist serving as the 78th United States secretary of the treasury since January 26,2021. She previously served as the 15th chair of the Federal Reserve from 2014 to 2018. She is the first person to hold those positions having also led the White House Council of Economic Advisers and the first woman to hold either post.
George William Miller was an American businessman and investment banker who served as the 65th United States secretary of the treasury from 1979 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party,he also served as the 11th chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1978 to 1979. Miller was the first person to hold both of those posts.
Stanley Fischer is an Israeli-American economist who served as the 20th Vice Chair of the Federal Reserve from 2014 to 2017. Fischer previously served as the 8th Governor of the Bank of Israel from 2005 to 2013. Born in Northern Rhodesia,he holds dual citizenship in Israel and the United States. He previously served as First Deputy Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund and as Chief Economist of the World Bank. On January 10,2014,President Barack Obama nominated Fischer to the position of Vice Chair of the Federal Reserve. He is a senior advisor at BlackRock. On September 6,2017,Stanley Fischer announced that he was resigning as Vice-Chair for personal reasons effective October 13,2017,two days before his 74th birthday.
Alan Stuart Blinder is an American economics professor at Princeton University and is listed among the most influential economists in the world according to IDEAS/RePEc. He is a leading macro-economist,politically liberal,and a champion of Keynesian economics and policies.
Ben Shalom Bernanke is an American economist who served as the 14th chairman of the Federal Reserve from 2006 to 2014. After leaving the Federal Reserve,he was appointed a distinguished fellow at the Brookings Institution. During his tenure as chairman,Bernanke oversaw the Federal Reserve's response to the late-2000s financial crisis,for which he was named the 2009 Time Person of the Year. Before becoming Federal Reserve chairman,Bernanke was a tenured professor at Princeton University and chaired the Department of Economics there from 1996 to September 2002,when he went on public service leave. Bernanke was awarded the 2022 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences,jointly with Douglas Diamond and Philip H. Dybvig,"for research on banks and financial crises",more specifically for his analysis of the Great Depression.
Donald Lewis Kohn is an American economist who served as the 18th vice chair of the Federal Reserve from 2006 to 2010. Prior to his term as vice chair,Kohn served as a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors,taking office in 2002. Fed's veteran,he retired after 40 years at the central bank,currently serving on the Financial Policy Committee for the Bank of England and as a Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution.
Austan Dean Goolsbee is an American economist and writer. He is the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Goolsbee formerly served as the Robert P. Gwinn Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago's Booth School of Business. He was the chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers from 2010 to 2011 and a member of President Barack Obama's cabinet. He served as a member of the Chicago Board of Education from 2018 to 2019.
William Poole was the eleventh chief executive of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. He took office on March 23,1998,and began serving his full term on March 1,2001. In 2007,he served as a voting member of the Federal Open Market Committee,bringing his District's perspective to policy discussions in Washington. Poole stepped down from the Fed on March 31,2008.
The recession index is an informal index created by The Economist which counts how many stories in The Washington Post and The New York Times use the word “recession”in a quarter.
Rebecca Margaret Blank was an American economist and academic administrator. She was chancellor of the University of Wisconsin–Madison from 2013 to 2022. She served in several senior roles in the United States Department of Commerce during the presidency of Barack Obama,including more than a year as acting United States Secretary of Commerce.
Betsey Ayer Stevenson is an economist and Professor of Economics and Public Policy at the University of Michigan Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy. Additionally,she is a fellow of the Ifo Institute for Economic Research in Munich,a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research and servers on the board of the American Economic Association. The Obama Administration announced her appointment as a Member of the Council of Economic Advisers,a post she served from 2013 through 2015. She previously served as Chief Economist of the U.S. Department of Labor under Secretary Hilda Solis from 2010 to 2011. Previously,she was an Assistant Professor of Business and Public Policy,at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
John Carroll Williams is the president and chief executive officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York,having also served as president of Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco from 2011 to 2018. He is currently serving as vice chairman of the Federal Open Market Committee.
Phillip Lee "Phill" Swagel is an American economist who is currently the director of the Congressional Budget Office. As Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Economic Policy from 2006 to 2009,he played an important role in the Troubled Asset Relief Program that was part of the U.S. government's response to the financial crisis of 2007–08. He was recently a Professor in International Economics at the University of Maryland School of Public Policy,a non-resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute,senior fellow at the Milken Institute,and co-chair of the Bipartisan Policy Center's Financial Regulatory Reform Initiative.
Karen Dynan is an American economist who is Professor of the Practice of Economics at Harvard University and a Non-resident Senior Fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. She previously served as the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Economic Policy and Chief Economist of the United States Department of the Treasury,having been nominated to that position by President Barack Obama in August 2013 and confirmed by the U.S. Senate in June 2014. From 2009 to 2013,Dr. Dynan was the Vice President and Co-director of the Economic Studies program at the Brookings Institution. Prior to joining Brookings,she served on the staff of the Federal Reserve Board for 17 years. Dr. Dynan is an expert on macroeconomic policy,consumer behavior,household finance,and housing policy.
D. Nathan Sheets is an American economist and government official who served as Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs from 2014 to 2017. He has been Global Chief Economist at Citigroup since October 2021.
Lisa DeNell Cook is an American economist who has served as a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors since May 23,2022. She is the first African American woman and first woman of color to sit on the Board. Before her appointment to the Federal Reserve,she was elected to the board of directors of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago.
Susan Helper is an American economist. She is the Frank Tracy Carlton Professor of Economics at the Weatherhead School of Management at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland,Ohio.
Claudia Rae Sahm is an American economist,leading the Macroeconomic Research initiative of the Jain Family Institute. She was formerly director of macroeconomic policy at the Washington Center for Equitable Growth,and a Section Chief at the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System,where she worked in various capacities from 2007 to 2019. Sahm specializes in macroeconomics and household finance. She is best known for the development of the Sahm Rule,a Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) indicator for identifying recessions in real-time.
