Urology,also known as genitourinary surgery,is the branch of medicine that focuses on surgical and medical diseases of the urinary-tract system and the reproductive organs. Organs under the domain of urology include the kidneys,adrenal glands,ureters,urinary bladder,urethra,and the male reproductive organs.
Prostate cancer is cancer of the prostate. The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system that surrounds the urethra just below the bladder. Most prostate cancers are slow growing. Cancerous cells may spread to other areas of the body,particularly the bones and lymph nodes. It may initially cause no symptoms. In later stages,symptoms include pain or difficulty urinating,blood in the urine,or pain in the pelvis or back. Benign prostatic hyperplasia may produce similar symptoms. Other late symptoms include fatigue,due to low levels of red blood cells.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH),also called prostate enlargement,is a noncancerous increase in size of the prostate gland. Symptoms may include frequent urination,trouble starting to urinate,weak stream,inability to urinate,or loss of bladder control. Complications can include urinary tract infections,bladder stones,and chronic kidney problems.
Prostate biopsy is a procedure in which small hollow needle-core samples are removed from a man's prostate gland to be examined for the presence of prostate cancer. It is typically performed when the result from a PSA blood test is high. It may also be considered advisable after a digital rectal exam (DRE) finds possible abnormality. PSA screening is controversial as PSA may become elevated due to non-cancerous conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH),by infection,or by manipulation of the prostate during surgery or catheterization. Additionally many prostate cancers detected by screening develop so slowly that they would not cause problems during a man's lifetime,making the complications due to treatment unnecessary.
Ashutosh K. Tewari is the chairman of urology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City. He is a board certified American urologist,oncologist,and principal investigator. Before moving to the Icahn School of Medicine in 2013,he was the founding director of both the Center for Prostate Cancer at Weill Cornell Medical College and the LeFrak Center for Robotic Surgery at NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital. Dr. Tewari was the Ronald P. Lynch endowed Chair of Urologic Oncology and the hospital's Director of Robotic Prostatectomy,treating patients with prostate,urinary bladder and other urological cancers. He is the current President of the Society for Urologic Robotic Surgeons (SURS) and the Committee Chair of the Prostate Program. Dr. Tewari is a world leading urological surgeon,and has performed over 9,000 robotically assisted procedures using the da Vinci Surgical System. Academically,he is recognized as a world-renowned expert on urologic oncology with over 250 peer reviewed published papers to his credit;he is on such lists as America's Top Doctors,New York Magazine's Best Doctors,and Who's Who in the World. In 2012,he was given the American Urological Association Gold Cystoscope Award for "outstanding contributions to the field of urologic oncology,most notably the treatment of prostate cancer and the development of novel techniques to improve the outcomes of robotic prostatectomy."
Douglas S. Scherr,M.D. is an American surgeon and specialist in Urologic Oncology. He is currently the Clinical Director of Urologic Oncology at the Weill Medical College of Cornell University in New York City. He also holds an appointment at the Rockefeller University in New York as a Visiting Associate Physician. Dr. Scherr was the first physician at Cornell to perform a robotic prostatectomy as well as a robotic cystectomy.
Simon J. Hall,M.D.,is the Associate Professor and Kyung Hyun Kim,M.D. Chair of Urology and Assistant Professor,Department of Gene and Cell Medicine at The Mount Sinai School of Medicine,as well as the Director of the Barbara and Maurice Deane Prostate Health and Research Center at The Mount Sinai Medical Center,both in New York City.
Dr. Michael A. Palese,is an American urologist specializing in robotic,laparoscopic and endoscopic surgery,with a special emphasis on robotic surgeries relating to kidney cancer and kidney stone disease.
Roger Sinclair Kirby FRCS(Urol),FEBU is a British retired prostate surgeon and professor of urology,researcher,writer on men's health and prostate disease,founding editor of the journal Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases and Trends in Urology and Men's Health and a fundraiser for prostate disease charities,best known for his use of the da Vinci surgical robot for laparoscopic prostatectomy in the treatment of prostate cancer. He is a co-founder and president of the charity The Urology Foundation (TUF),vice-president of the charity Prostate Cancer UK,trustee of the King Edward VII's Hospital and as of 2020 is president of the Royal Society of Medicine (RSM),London.
Mark S. Soloway is a leading authority in urologic cancer,researcher,former departmental Chair,medical professor and invitational lecturer. He served as Chairman of the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of Urology and is currently a Professor at the Miller School of Medicine. Born in Cleveland,Soloway received his B.Sc. from Northwestern University in Chicago (1961–1964). He completed his M.D. and residency at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine in Cleveland,Ohio (1964–1970). He completed a fellowship at the National Cancer Institute of the National Institute of Health in Bethesda,MD (1970–1972). Soloway has received numerous awards for his work as a researcher and teacher,These awards are American Urological Association's Gold Cystoscope award,Mosby Scholarship for Scholastic Excellence award (1967),North Central Section of American Urological Association Traveling Fellowship award (1972) and many others. These are outstanding achievements for an individual who has contributed most to the field of urology within ten years of completion of his residency program”(1984).
Prokar Dasgupta FRCS(Urol),FEBU is an Indian surgeon and academic who is professor of surgery at the surgical academy at King's Health Partners,London,UK. Since 2002,he has been consultant urologist to Guy's Hospital,and in 2009 became the first professor of robotic surgery and urology at King's,and subsequently the chairman of the King's College-Vattikuti Institute of Robotic Surgery.
John M. Fitzpatrick was an Irish urologist,emeritus professor of surgery at the University College Dublin School of Medicine &Medical Science and Head of Research at the Irish Cancer Society.
If medical treatment is not effective,surgery may need to be performed for benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Terence John MillinFRCSI FRCS LRCP was a British-born Irish urological surgeon,who in 1945,introduced a surgical treatment of benign large prostates using the retropubic prostatectomy,later known as the Millin's prostatectomy,where he approached the prostate from behind the pubic bone and through the prostatic capsule,removing the prostate through the retropubic space and hence avoided cutting into the bladder. It superseded the technique of transvesical prostatectomy used by Peter Freyer,where the prostate was removed through the bladder.
Caroline M. Moore is the first woman to be made a professor of urology in the United Kingdom. She works in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer at University College London.
The Urology Foundation (TUF) is a charity that works across the UK and Ireland with the aim of improving the knowledge and skills of surgeons who operate on diseases of the male and female urinary-tract system and the male reproductive organs and funds research to improve outcomes of all urological conditions and urological cancers.
Hashim U. Ahmed is a British surgeon,medical researcher and author of publications in the field of prostate cancer diagnostics and treatment;his research has contributed to changes in the way men with suspected prostate cancer and men with prostate enlargement are diagnosed and treated. He is Professor and Chair of Urology at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Consultant Urological Surgeon at both Charing Cross Hospital and BUPA Cromwell Hospital.
Declan G. Murphy,FRACS,FRCS,is a urologist,director of the unit for genitourinary oncology and robotic surgery at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre in Melbourne,Australia,professor at the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology at the University of Melbourne,and associate editor of the British Journal of Urology International. In 2010 he introduced robotic surgery for urology to the public sector health services in Victoria,Australia.
Anthony James Costello,FRACS,FRCSI,is an Australian urologist. He served as head of the department of urology at the Royal Melbourne Hospital,Australia. He established the first robotic prostate cancer surgery programme in Australia and published the first series of men who had laser surgery for benign prostate enlargements.
Prof Clare Fowler CBE is a British physician and academic who created the subspecialty of uro-neurology,a medical field that combines urology and neurology. This work was done at the Institute of Neurology,University College London,where she is an emeritus professor.
