The Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem is a theorem in voting theory. It was first conjectured by the philosopher Michael Dummett and the mathematician Robin Farquharson in 1961 and then proved independently by the philosopher Allan Gibbard in 1973 and economist Mark Satterthwaite in 1975. It deals with deterministic ordinal electoral systems that choose a single winner. It states that for every voting rule, one of the following three things must hold:
- The rule is dictatorial, i.e. there exists a distinguished voter who can choose the winner; or
- The rule limits the possible outcomes to two alternatives only; or
- The rule is susceptible to tactical voting: in certain conditions, a voter's sincere ballot may not best defend their opinion.
Sir Michael Anthony Eardley Dummett was an English academic described as "among the most significant British philosophers of the last century and a leading campaigner for racial tolerance and equality." He was, until 1992, Wykeham Professor of Logic at the University of Oxford. He wrote on the history of analytic philosophy, notably as an interpreter of Frege, and made original contributions particularly in the philosophies of mathematics, logic, language and metaphysics.
The Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University is the business school of Northwestern University, a private research university in Evanston, Illinois. It was founded in 1908 as the School of Commerce. Its faculty, alumni, and students have made significant contributions to fields such as marketing, management sciences, and decision sciences. Several publications rank Kellogg among the top business schools in the United States.
Ravi Jagannathan is an American economist. He is a chaired professor at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University. With the exception of the period 1989–1997 when he was a professor at the University of Minnesota, Jagannathan has been at Kellogg since graduate school.
Allan Fletcher Gibbard is the Richard B. Brandt Distinguished University Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Gibbard has made major contributions to contemporary ethical theory, in particular metaethics, where he has developed a contemporary version of non-cognitivism. He has also published articles in the philosophy of language, metaphysics, and social choice theory: in social choice, he first proved the result known today as Gibbard-Satterthwaite theorem, which had been previously conjectured by Michael Dummett and Robin Farquharson.
Jonathan Michie is a British economist who is president of Kellogg College, Oxford, where he is professor of innovation and knowledge exchange.
The Duggan–Schwartz theorem is a result about voting systems designed to choose a nonempty set of winners from the preferences of certain individuals, where each individual ranks all candidates in order of preference. It states that for three or more candidates, at least one of the following must hold:
- The system is not anonymous.
- The system is imposed.
- Every voter's top preference is in the set of winners.
- The system can be manipulated by either an optimistic voter, one who can cast a ballot that would elect some candidate to a higher rank than all of those candidates who would have been elected if that voter had voted honestly; or by a pessimistic voter, one who can cast a ballot that would exclude some candidate to a lower rank than all of those candidates who were elected due that voter voting strategically.
Roger Bruce Myerson is an American economist and professor at the University of Chicago. He holds the title of the David L. Pearson Distinguished Service Professor of Global Conflict Studies at The Pearson Institute for the Study and Resolution of Global Conflicts in the Harris School of Public Policy, the Griffin Department of Economics, and the college. Previously, he held the title The Glen A. Lloyd Distinguished Service Professor of Economics. In 2007, he was the winner of the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel with Leonid Hurwicz and Eric Maskin for "having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory." He was elected a Member of the American Philosophical Society in 2019.
Artyom Shneyerov is a microeconomist working at Concordia University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. He is also an associate editor of the International Journal of Industrial Organization. His current research is in the fields of game theory, industrial organization and applied econometrics. His contributions to these and other areas of economics include the following:
Reginald Robin Farquharson was an academic whose interest in mathematics and politics led him to work on game theory and social choice theory. He wrote an influential analysis of voting systems in his doctoral thesis, later published as Theory of Voting, and conjectured the Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem together with the philosopher and logician Michael Dummett.
Joseph A. Swanson is visiting scholar in finance at Northwestern University’s Kellogg School of Management—where he was Professor of Finance from 1975 through 1986; Adjunct Professor of Finance, 1988-2007; Clinical Professor of Finance, 2007-2014. Since 2007 he has been the Board Chair of Jos. Swanson & Co., a Milwaukee-based management consulting firm.
Mohanbir Sawhney is a management consultant, author and academic. He is the Associate Dean, Digital Innovation at McCormick Foundation Chair of Technology, Clinical Professor of Marketing and the Director of the Center for Research in Technology & Innovation at the Kellogg School of Management. He is an adviser to several large organizations on e-commerce strategies.
Ehud Kalai is a prominent Israeli American game theorist and mathematical economist known for his contributions to the field of game theory and its interface with economics, social choice, computer science and operations research. He was the James J. O’Connor Distinguished Professor of Decision and Game Sciences at Northwestern University, 1975-2017, and currently is a Professor Emeritus of Managerial Economics and Decision Sciences.
Bala V. Balachandran was an Indian academic who served as Professor Emeritus of Accounting Information & Management at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University. He was also the founder, Chairman of the Board and Dean Emeritus of Great Lakes Institute of Management in Chennai, India.
Northwestern Master of Product Design and Development Management (MPD²) is an educational program within the McCormick School of Engineering at Northwestern University. The MPD² program's goal is attuned to the abilities, desires and needs of humanity. Coupling their human-centered design with the practical realities of technology and organizations, the MPD² program seeks an education that leads to innovation and profitable products. The MPD² program is directed by Walter B. Herbst, Richard M Lueptow and Greg Holderfield.
Scott E. Page is an American social scientist and John Seely Brown Distinguished University Professor of Complexity, Social Science, and Management at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, where he has been working since 2000. He has also been director of the Center for the Study of Complex Systems at the University of Michigan (2009–2014) and an external faculty member at the Santa Fe Institute.
Oliver Dimon Kellogg was an American mathematician.
Satterthwaite is a small village situated in Grizedale, a valley in the Lake District, England.
Harry M. Jansen Kraemer Jr. is an American business executive, leadership author, and professor; currently the Clinical Professor of Leadership at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University and Executive Partner at Madison Dearborn Partners. Harry Kraemer is the former chairman and chief executive officer of Baxter International Inc.
Loran F. Nordgren is an American professor of psychology who studies the adoption of new ideas and behaviors. In 2020 he became a professor at Northwestern University's Kellogg School of Management. He is the co-author of The Human Element: Overcoming the Resistance That Awaits New Ideas.
