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In molecular biology, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) is a technique that exploits variations in homologous DNA sequences, known as polymorphisms, populations, or species or to pinpoint the locations of genes within a sequence. The term may refer to a polymorphism itself, as detected through the differing locations of restriction enzyme sites, or to a related laboratory technique by which such differences can be illustrated. In RFLP analysis, a DNA sample is digested into fragments by one or more restriction enzymes, and the resulting restriction fragments are then separated by gel electrophoresis according to their size.
A restriction digest is a procedure used in molecular biology to prepare DNA for analysis or other processing. It is sometimes termed DNA fragmentation, though this term is used for other procedures as well. In a restriction digest, DNA molecules are cleaved at specific restriction sites of 4-12 nucleotides in length by use of restriction enzymes which recognize these sequences.
A genetic marker is a gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or species. It can be described as a variation that can be observed. A genetic marker may be a short DNA sequence, such as a sequence surrounding a single base-pair change, or a long one, like minisatellites.
Amplified fragment length polymorphism is a PCR-based tool used in genetics research, DNA fingerprinting, and in the practice of genetic engineering. Developed in the early 1990s by KeyGene, AFLP uses restriction enzymes to digest genomic DNA, followed by ligation of adaptors to the sticky ends of the restriction fragments. A subset of the restriction fragments is then selected to be amplified. This selection is achieved by using primers complementary to the adaptor sequence, the restriction site sequence and a few nucleotides inside the restriction site fragments. The amplified fragments are separated and visualized on denaturing on agarose gel electrophoresis, either through autoradiography or fluorescence methodologies, or via automated capillary sequencing instruments.
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DNA banking is the secure, long term storage of an individual’s genetic material. DNA is most commonly extracted from blood, but can also be obtained from saliva and other tissues. DNA banks allow for conservation of genetic material and comparative analysis of an individual's genetic information. Analyzing an individual's DNA can allow scientists to predict genetic disorders, as used in preventive genetics or gene therapy, and prove that person's identity, as used in the criminal justice system. There are multiple methods for testing and analyzing genetic information including restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and polymerase chain reactions (PCR).
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Ronald Wayne "Ron" Davis is professor of biochemistry and genetics, and director of the Stanford Genome Technology Center at Stanford University. Davis is a researcher in biotechnology and molecular genetics, particularly active in human and yeast genomics and the development of new technologies in genomics, with over 30 biotechnology patents. In 2013, it was said of Davis that "A substantial number of the major genetic advances of the past 20 years can be traced back to Davis in some way." Since his son fell severely ill with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome Davis has focused his research efforts into the illness.
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Albert Fredrik de la Chapelle, MD, Ph.D was a Finnish human geneticist, long-time head of Finland's first Department of Medical Genetics at the University of Helsinki, and subsequently professor of Human Cancer Genetics at Ohio State University. He was best known for his role in the elucidation of the genetics of hereditary colorectal cancer and Lynch syndrome.
Mouse News Letter (MNL) was a bulletin of mouse genetics information published from 1949 to 1998. In 1990 Mouse News Letter changed its name to Mouse Genome which merged with the journal Mammalian Genome in 1998. Mouse News Letter now exists as a company, Mouse News Letter Ltd, which promotes the science of Genetics and provides funds to enable younger scientists to attend Genetics Conferences. “To survey the history of the Mouse News Letter is to see the history of mouse genetics unfold.” So wrote Mary F Lyon in 1997.
James Francis Gusella is a Canadian molecular biologist and geneticist known for his work on Huntington's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases in humans. He is the Bullard Professor of Neurogenetics in the Department of Genetics at Harvard Medical School and an investigator at the Center for Genomic Medicine at the Mass General Research Institute.
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References
- ↑ "Fierce competition marked fervid race for cancer gene". The New York Times . September 20, 1994. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
- ↑ "Mark Skolnick" . Retrieved 17 June 2024.
- 1 2 "Mark H. Skolnick". utah.edu. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
- 1 2 3 Davies, K., White, M. (1996). Breakthrough, The Race to Find the Breast Cancer Gene. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0471120251
- ↑ "Skolnick, Mark H., Ph.D.: History of the Health Sciences". Marriott Library Collections. Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library, University of Utah. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
- ↑ "Mark Skolnick". dnalc.org. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
- 1 2 Skolnick, M. Declaration of Mark Skolnick.UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK.No.09 Civ.4515 (RWS)
- ↑ Botstein, D; White, RL; Skolnick, M; Davis, RW (May 1980). "Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 32 (3): 314–331. PMC 1686077 . PMID 6247908.
- ↑ Angier, Natalie (September 20, 1994). "Fierce Competition Marked Fervid Race For Cancer Gene". New York Times. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
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