Marshal of the Army of God and the Holy Church

Last updated

Marshal of the Army of God and the Holy Church
Blason fam uk FitzWalter.svg
Seal of Robert Fitzwalter, first Marshal of the Army of God and the Holy Church
First Marshal Robert Fitzwalter
Last Marshal Robert Fitzwalter
Appointer Elective
Marshalship beganby 5 May 1215
Date of Marshalship lapsing8 December 1235

The Marshal of the Army of God and the Holy Church was the title displayed from 1215 by Robert Fitzwalter, [lower-alpha 1] the leader of the baronial opposition against John, King of England and one of the twenty-five sureties of Magna Carta. [1] He was feudal baron of Little Dunmow, Essex [2] and constable of Baynard's Castle, in London, to which was annexed the hereditary office of castellain and chief banneret of the City of London. He was elected by his fellow barons, and held the title at least from when the rebels armed themselves in Lincolnshire and formally defied King John. He retained the title at least until he received back the custody of Hertford castle in June. He died on 9 December 1235, [lower-alpha 2] and is buried in the Priory Church in Little Dunmow.

Contents

Robert I

Marshal of the Army of God and the Holy Church Robert Fitzwalter Baron of Little Dunmow, Constable of Baynard's Castle, Castellain and Chief Banneret of the City of London, member of the Security Council of the Barons as enshrined in Magna Carta. [1]

Marshal of the Army of God and the Holy Church (1215–1235)

SealHouseNameMarshal fromMarshal untilReason of title lapsing
SealRobertFitzWalter(d1235).png Baron FitzWalter Robert Fitzwalter by 5 May 12158 December 1235Unclaimed by son, Sir Walter Fitzwalter

See also

Notes

Footnotes
  1. Also spelled FitzWalter, fitzWalter, etc.
  2. However, Charles Lethbridge Kingsford said in his notes on John Stow's A Survey of London that he died in 1234, not 1235. [3]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Magna Carta</span> English charter of freedoms, 1215

Magna Carta Libertatum, commonly called Magna Carta or sometimes Magna Charta, is a royal charter of rights agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215. First drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Cardinal Stephen Langton, to make peace between the unpopular king and a group of rebel barons, it promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift and impartial justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown, to be implemented through a council of 25 barons. Neither side stood by their commitments, and the charter was annulled by Pope Innocent III, leading to the First Barons' War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1215</span> Calendar year

Year 1215 (MCCXV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford</span> Anglo-Norman nobleman

Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford of Pleshey Castle in Essex, was an Anglo-Norman nobleman who became Hereditary Constable of England from 1199.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester</span> Scottish Earl

Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester was one of the leaders of the baronial rebellion against John, King of England, and a major figure in both the kingdoms of Scotland and England in the decades around the turn of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe</span> Church in London, England

St Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe is a Church of England church located on Queen Victoria Street, London in the City of London, near Blackfriars station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">First Barons' War</span> Civil war in the Kingdom of England

The First Barons' War (1215–1217) was a civil war in the Kingdom of England in which a group of rebellious major landowners led by Robert Fitzwalter waged war against King John of England. The conflict resulted from King John's disastrous wars against King Philip II of France, which led to the collapse of the Angevin Empire, and John's subsequent refusal to accept and abide by Magna Carta, which John had sealed on 15 June 1215.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baynard's Castle</span> Buildings on two neighbouring sites in London

Baynard's Castle refers to buildings on two neighbouring sites in the City of London, between where Blackfriars station and St Paul's Cathedral now stand. The first was a Norman fortification constructed by Ralph Baynard, 1st feudal baron of Little Dunmow in Essex, and was demolished by King John in 1213. The second was a medieval palace built a short distance to the south-east and later extended, but mostly destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666. According to Sir Walter Besant, "There was no house in [London] more interesting than this".

Robert Fitz Richard (1064–1136) was an Anglo-Norman feudal baron of Little Dunmow, Essex and constable of Baynard's Castle in the City of London. His feudal barony, the caput of which was at Little Dunmow in Essex, was granted to him by the king after it had been forfeited in 1110 by William Baynard, whose grandfather Ralph Baynard was the first holder and the builder of Baynard's Castle in the City of London.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert Fitzwalter</span> Magna Carta Surety Baron & Rebel Leader

Robert Fitzwalter was one of the leaders of the baronial opposition against King John, and one of the twenty-five sureties of Magna Carta. He was feudal baron of Little Dunmow, Essex and constable of Baynard's Castle, in London, to which was annexed the hereditary office of castellan and chief knight banneret of the City of London. Part of the official aristocracy created by Henry I and Henry II, he served John in the wars in Normandy, in which he was taken prisoner by King Philip II of France and forced to pay a heavy ransom.

Montfichet's Tower was a Norman fortress on Ludgate Hill in London, between where St Paul's Cathedral and City Thameslink railway station now stand. First documented in the 1130s, it was probably built in the late 11th century. The defences were strengthened during the revolt of 1173–1174 against Henry II.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barony of Halton</span>

The Barony of Halton, in Cheshire, England, comprised a succession of 15 barons and hereditary Constables of Chester under the overlordship of the Earl of Chester. It was not an English feudal barony granted by the king but a separate class of barony within the County Palatine of Chester.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Little Dunmow</span> Human settlement in England

Little Dunmow is a village situated in the Uttlesford district, in rural Essex, England, in the vale of the River Chelmer about 3 miles (4.8 km) east-southeast of the town of Great Dunmow. It can be reached from the Dunmow South exit of the A120 by following the road towards Braintree (B1256) for 3.2 km before turning right for the village. The centre of the old village, which has just 99 dwellings, is a further 0.6 km along the road. The Flitch Way, a linear country park along the route of the old Braintree to Bishop's Stortford railway, links Little Dunmow and the new settlement of Flitch Green. The new village, built on the site of a former sugar beet factory, is a self-contained community of 850 dwellings and is another kilometre along the road towards Felsted.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Robert FitzWalter, 1st Baron FitzWalter</span> English administrator, soldier and politician

Robert FitzWalter, 1st Baron FitzWalter was an English landowner, soldier, administrator and politician.

Walter Fitz Robert of Woodham Walter, lord of Little Dunmow, Essex, was steward under Stephen of England, having succeeded to that position upon the death of his father, Robert Fitz Richard. Walter died in 1198 and was buried at Little Dunmow, in the choir of the priory of Austin canons.

Events from the 1210s in England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Henry Percy, 2nd Baron Percy</span> English nobleman

Henry Percy, 9th Baron Percy of Topcliffe, 2nd Baron Percy of Alnwick was the son of Henry de Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Alnwick, and Eleanor Fitzalan, daughter of Sir Richard FitzAlan, 8th Earl of Arundel, and sister of Edmund FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Arundel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Little Dunmow Priory</span>

Little Dunmow Priory in Little Dunmow was an Augustinian priory in Essex, England. The priory was founded as a church by Juga de Baynard in 1104, dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary and consecrated by Maurice, bishop of London. Juga was the widow of Ralph Baynard, baron of Little Dunmow, sheriff of Essex and builder of Baynard's Castle in the City of London, since demolished. Her son Geoffrey was sheriff of Yorkshire who, in 1097, beat William II, Count of Eu in a trial by battle. After her death (c.1106), and following her wishes and the advice of Anselm, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey populated Juga's church with Augustinian canons. In 1110, Lady Juga’s grandson, and Geoffrey’s son, William de Baynard, fell from grace and lost his lands. Henry I gave those lands to Robert Fitz Richard, but Henry and his wife Matilda of Scotland confirmed the canons’ possessions in Little Dunmow. Robert’s wife Maud, the step-daughter of Matilda’s brother David I, gave more lands to the canons, establishing the priory in perpetuity.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Constable of Chester</span> Mediaeval hereditary office

The Constable of Chester was a mediaeval hereditary office held by the Barons of Halton. The functions of the Constable are unclear, possibly they related to the custody of Chester Castle, as was the main function of most mediaeval constables, but Sanders (1960) says the office-holder was constable for the entire County Palatine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter FitzHerbert</span>

Peter FitzHerbert, also known as Piers FitzHerbert, Lord of Blenlevenny, was a 13th-century nobleman and Sheriff of Yorkshire. FitzHerbert was one of the Counsellors named in Magna Carta in 1215. He was the son of Herbert FitzHerbert and Lucy of Hereford.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John FitzWalter, 2nd Baron FitzWalter</span> Early 14th-century English baron and gang leader

John FitzWalter, 2nd Baron FitzWalter was a prominent Essex landowner best known for his criminal activities, particularly around Colchester. His family was of a noble and ancient lineage, with connections to the powerful de Clare family, who had arrived in England at the time of the Norman Conquest. The FitzWalters held estates across Essex, as well as properties in London and Norfolk. John FitzWalter played a prominent role during the early years of King Edward III's wars in France, and at some point, FitzWalter was married to Eleanor Percy, the daughter of Henry, Lord Percy.

References

  1. 1 2 Wikisource-logo.svg This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Fitzwalter, Robert". Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 449.
  2. Sanders, I. J. (1960). English Baronies. Oxford. p. 129.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. Stow, John (1908). "Notes: Volume 1, pp. 1–100". In Kingsford, C. L. (ed.). A Survey of London. Reprinted from the text of 1603. pp. 269–283. Retrieved 23 November 2010.