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The Marshall JTM45 amplifier is the first guitar amplifier produced by the British company Marshall. It was initially produced in 1963, and has been ranked among the most desirable of the company's amplifiers. [1]
Notable musicians who have used this amplifier include David Gilmour, [2] The Rolling Stones, [2] and Jimi Hendrix, [3] among others.
Prototyping of the JTM45 began in 1962, after London musical instrument retailer Jim Marshall decided to create a new amplifier in response to local guitarists' desire for an alternative to imported American Fender amplifiers. Marshall sought the advice of his shop repairman Ken Bran, who recommended electronics "whiz kid" Dudley Craven as the chief circuit designer. Marshall then arranged for Pete Townshend and Ritchie Blackmore demo prototypes to be constructed by Bran and Craven, settling on the sixth prototype as the production model. [4]
This model was dubbed the "JTM45" – for Jim and his son Terry Marshall, and 45 for the RMS-rated wattage [3] – the amplifier mimicked the circuitry of the Fender Bassman but had an all-aluminum chassis, and a 12AX7 valve as the first in the chain (while the Bassman had a 12AY7). In addition, it featured Celestion speakers with a closed cabinet (rather than open-backed Jensen speakers), and a modified negative feedback circuit, which affected the harmonics produced by the amplifier[ citation needed ].
As Bran later said, "The JTM also had different harmonic content, and this was due to the large amount of feedback that Dudley Craven had given it." [5] Early versions used 6L6 or US 5881 valves (a version of the 6L6 [6] ) in the output stage; later models used KT66 (from 1964), EL34 (from 1966), or KT88 (from 1967; in the 200W Major), and ECC83 (12AX7) valves in the pre-amplification stage. [1] The amplifier was also available in the bass format (although this model lacked a "bright" capacitor) and an additional PA version (which lacked a "mixer" capacitor). [5] Because of its power, Marshall decided early on to build it as a "head," with a separate 4×12" cabinet with Celestion speakers.
The first-ever use of this JTM 45 model in a live performance was in September 1963, when the amplifier was tested at the Ealing Club, a short distance from the original Marshall shops.[ citation needed ] By the mid-1960s, the JTM45 had become so popular that it began to supplant the ubiquitous Vox amplifiers, including the Vox AC50, even though the Vox amplifier was equally powerful to the Marshall amplifier. [7]
In late 1965, Marshall introduced its now standard script lettering, in white. By early 1966 it began calling the amplifiers "JTM 50". [5] Some 100 early models had red lettering, and are especially sought after by collectors. [1] Other cosmetic changes included a gradual change to different knobs. The JTM 45 became the basis for many subsequent Marshall amplifiers, most notably the Marshall 1962 combo (later referred to as the "Bluesbreaker" due to its use by Eric Clapton with John Mayall's Bluesbreakers). [8] Production of this model ceased in 1966, but it was reissued in 1989, albeit with a modern printed circuit board and 6L6 output valves. [5] In 2014 Marshall reissued a "handwired" 30 W amplifier based on the JTM45, the 2245THW, whose circuitry is identical to the 1962 combo circuit; it is a "fine high-end piece" according to Vintage Guitar , listed at $4,800. [9]
The first JTM45s did not have the standard Marshall numbers that later amplifiers had; models that derived from the JTM 45 did not receive serial numbers until 1964–1965 when backplates began to be applied. [5] However, at random some of the early amplifiers had serial numbers stamped into the chassis on their reverse side.
| Model number | Watts | Dates | Features | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JTM45 | 35–45 [10] | 1963–1964 | 2 channels, 4 inputs | Also available in bass and PA versions |
| 1963 | 50 | 1965–1966 | 4 channels, 8 inputs | PA version; "JTM50 MK III" |
| 1985 | 45 | 1965–1966 | 2 channels, 4 inputs | PA version of JTM50 MK II |
| 1986 | 45 | 1965–1966 | High treble and normal channels | Bass version of JTM50 MK II |
| 1987 | 45 | 1965–1966 | High treble and normal channels | Lead version of JTM50 MK II; also with tremolo as Model T1987 |
| 1989 | 45 | 1965–1966 | For electronic organs | Also with tremolo as Model T1989 |
| JTM 45 (2245 [11] ) | 30 | 1989– | 2 channels, 4 inputs | Reissue of original JTM45 (1987) |
| 2245THW [9] | 30 | 2014– | Handwired head, circuitry identical with Bluesbreaker |
For all of its differences when compared with the Bassman, the sound of the JTM45 is still described as "like a tweed Fender", and is favored for blues and rock rather than for hard rock and metal. [12] The JTM 45 delivers a smooth Marshall sound with a warm bass response due to the EL34/KT66 valves.[ citation needed ]
Vox is a British musical equipment manufacturer founded in 1957 by Thomas Walter Jennings in Dartford, Kent, England. The company is most famous for making the Vox AC30 guitar amplifier, used by The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, The Kinks, The Yardbirds, Queen, Dire Straits, U2, and Radiohead; the Vox Continental electric organ, the Vox wah-wah pedal used by Jimi Hendrix, and a series of innovative electric guitars and bass guitars. Since 1992, Vox has been owned by the Japanese electronics firm Korg.
KT66 is the designator for a beam power tube introduced by Marconi-Osram Valve Co. Ltd. (M-OV) of Britain in 1937 and marketed for application as a power amplifier for audio frequencies and driver for radio frequencies. The KT66 is a beam tetrode that utilizes partially collimated electron beams to form a low potential space charge region between the anode and screen grid to return anode secondary emission electrons to the anode and offers significant performance improvements over comparable power pentodes. In the 21st century, the KT66 is manufactured and used in some high fidelity audio amplifiers and musical instrument amplifiers.
Marshall Amplification designs and manufactures music amplifiers and speaker cabinets. Founded in London by Jim Marshall, shop owner and drummer, the company is based in Bletchley, Milton Keynes, England. Marshall Amplification is one of several divisions of Stockholm-based Marshall Group since March 2023.
The EL34 is a thermionic vacuum tube of the power pentode type. The EL34 was introduced in 1955 by Mullard, who were owned by Philips. The EL34 has an octal base and is found mainly in the final output stages of audio amplification circuits; it was also designed to be suitable as a series regulator by virtue of its high permissible voltage between heater and cathode and other parameters. The American RETMA tube designation number for this tube is 6CA7. The USSR analog was 6P27S.
The Vox AC30 is a guitar amplifier manufactured by Vox. It was introduced in 1958 to meet the growing demand for louder amplifiers. Characterised by its "jangly" high-end sound it has become widely recognized by British musicians and others, such as George Harrison and John Lennon of the Beatles, Bill Wyman of the Rolling Stones, Brian May of Queen, Dave Davies of the Kinks and Hank Marvin.
The Echoplex is a tape delay effect, first made in 1959. Designed by Mike Battle, the Echoplex set a standard for the effect in the 1960s—it is still regarded as "the standard by which everything else is measured." It was used by some of the most notable guitar players of the era; original Echoplexes are highly sought after.
The KT88 is a beam tetrode/kinkless tetrode vacuum tube for audio amplification.
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