Marshalls (house)

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Marshalls was a house, located in Romford in the historic parish and Royal liberty of Havering, whose former area today forms the north eastern extremity of Greater London, England. The name Marshalls dates back to 1213 when Gilbert, son of Roger Marschal is recorded as leasing land in Havering to the house of Canons at St Bernard, and in 1321 Richard le Marescall owned land near the eventual site of the house. [1] Marshalls was situated roughly where the playground of the current St Edwards' C of E Primary school is now, and at its greatest the surrounding estate was approximately bounded by the modern roads of Main Road, North Street, Pettits Lane, and Pettits Boulevard.

Romford town in northeast London, United Kingdom

Romford is a large town in East London and the administrative centre of the London Borough of Havering. It is located 14.1 miles (22.7 km) northeast of Charing Cross and is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. It was historically a market town within Essex and formed the administrative centre of the liberty of Havering, until it was dissolved in 1892. Good road links and the opening of the railway station in 1839 were key to the development of the town and the economic history of Romford is underpinned by a shift from agriculture to light industry and then to retail and commerce. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century, Romford significantly expanded and increased in population, becoming a municipal borough in 1937 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It now forms one of the largest commercial, retail, entertainment and leisure districts outside central London and has a developed night-time economy.

Greater London County of England

Greater London is a ceremonial county of England that is located within the London region. This region forms the administrative boundaries of London and is organised into 33 local government districts—the 32 London boroughs and the City of London, which is located within the region but is separate from the county. The Greater London Authority, based in Southwark, is responsible for strategic local government across the region and consists of the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. The City of London Corporation is the principal local authority for the City of London, with a similar role to that of the 32 London borough councils.

England Country in north-west Europe, part of the United Kingdom

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north-northwest. The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain, which lies in the North Atlantic, and includes over 100 smaller islands, such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.

Contents

Buildings

There is no record of any particularly grand or notable property associated with Marshalls. By about 1610 it was described as a messuage with 40 acres and was still described as “that messuage or tenement commonly called or known by the name Marshalls” in 1746. The house was considerably improved by Jackson Barwis, the High Sheriff of Essex, who lived there until his death in 1809. It is essentially this house that Pevsner in his book on Essex describes as having a "stuccoed Georgian five-bay front (Tuscan porch) and gabled back parts", [2] while the sale catalogue from 1816 describes it as “A plain neat edifice, brick, extremely well erected...(with)...a portico entrance to the principal or ground storey....”. [1] The house was demolished in 1959 as it was “not of historical or architectural value”.

Acre unit of area

The acre is a unit of land area used in the imperial and US customary systems. It is traditionally defined as the area of one chain by one furlong, which is exactly equal to 10 square chains, ​1⁄640 of a square mile, or 43,560 square feet, and approximately 4,047 m2, or about 40% of a hectare. Based upon the International yard and pound agreement of 1959, an acre may be declared as exactly 4,046.8564224 square metres. The acre is a statute measure in the United States and was formerly one in the United Kingdom and almost all countries of the former British Empire, although informal use continues.

Essex County of England

Essex is a county in the south-east of England, north-east of London. One of the home counties, it borders Suffolk and Cambridgeshire to the north, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent across the estuary of the River Thames to the south, and London to the south-west. The county town is Chelmsford, the only city in the county. For government statistical purposes Essex is placed in the East of England region.

Owners and tenants

As described above, Gilbert Marschal leased land in Havering to the Augustinian Canons of the Hospice of St Bernard in Switzerland, of which nearby Hornchurch Priory was a dependency. The land continued in the family into the 14th Century and then passed to the Carew family. Edward Carew son of John Carew, the deputy Steward of the Royal Library of Havering, is recorded as a past owner in 1610; at this date the property belonged to a “gentleman named Thorowgood”, [1] probably George Thorowgood who owned Hornchurch Hall. On 20 January 1694 Simon Thorowgood leased Marshalls to Thomas Scawen, but then sold the property to Russell Alsopp in 1704. When Alsopp died he owed much money to Sir William Scawen, Governor of the Bank of England from 1697 to 1699 and there followed a lengthy legal argument over ownership of the property.

Great St Bernard Pass mountain pass in the Western Alpes

Great St Bernard Pass is the third highest road pass in Switzerland. It connects Martigny in the canton of Valais in Switzerland with Aosta in the region Aosta Valley in Italy. It is the lowest pass lying on the ridge between the two highest mountains of the Alps, Mont Blanc and Monte Rosa. The pass itself is located in Switzerland in the canton of Valais, very close to Italy. It is located on the main watershed that separates the basin of the Rhône from that of the Po.

Switzerland federal republic in Central Europe

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a country situated in western, central, and southern Europe. It consists of 26 cantons, and the city of Bern is the seat of the federal authorities. The sovereign state is a federal republic bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning a total area of 41,285 km2 (15,940 sq mi). While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million people is concentrated mostly on the plateau, where the largest cities are to be found: among them are the two global cities and economic centres Zürich and Geneva.

Governor of the Bank of England senior position in the Bank of England

The Governor of the Bank of England is the most senior position in the Bank of England. It is nominally a civil service post, but the appointment tends to be from within the bank, with the incumbent grooming his or her successor. The Governor of the Bank of England is also Chairman of the Monetary Policy Committee, with a major role in guiding national economic and monetary policy, and is therefore one of the most important public officials in the United Kingdom.

In 1748 Marshalls passed from John Leigh to Mary Frost, and later passed to Jackson Barwis who was High Sheriff of Essex for 1796, the property remaining in the possession of his widow until her death on 24 December 1815. The house was then bought by local banker Rowland Stephenson of the bank Remington, Stephenson & Company in 1816. During his time Marshalls was described as ‘Princely’, but Stephenson, MP for Leominster had embezzled the bank of nearly half a million pounds and in 1828 he fled the country. Marshalls was then bought by Hugh McIntosh, who also owned the Manor of Havering and passed to his nephew David McIntosh who lived there until 1850 when he moved to the newly built mansion in Havering Park, although he had been letting Marshalls for some years.

The High Sheriff of Essex was an ancient Sheriff title originating in the time of the Angles, not long after the invasion of the Kingdom of England, which was in existence for around a thousand years. On 1 April 1974, under the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972, the title of Sheriff of Essex was retitled High Sheriff of Essex. The High Shrievalties are the oldest secular titles under the Crown in England and Wales, their purpose being to represent the monarch at a local level, historically in the shires.

Rowland Stephenson was a British banker and politician who precipitated the collapse of a bank and took refuge in America.

Leominster (UK Parliament constituency) former UK Parliament constituency

Leominster was a parliamentary constituency represented until 1707 in the House of Commons of England, then until 1801 in that of Great Britain, and finally until 2010, when it disappeared in boundary changes, in the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

In 1855 the young Octavia Hill visited the family of Daniel Harrison who were living there by then. She brought some of the poor children she had been teaching in London, to give them a taste of the countryside with which they were so unfamiliar. A number of Hill's published letters are addressed from 'Marshals'[sic].

Octavia Hill English social reformer

Octavia Hill was an English social reformer, whose main concern was the welfare of the inhabitants of cities, especially London, in the second half of the nineteenth century. Born into a family with a strong commitment to alleviating poverty, she herself grew up in straitened circumstances owing to the financial failure of her father. With no formal schooling, she worked from the age of 14 for the welfare of working people.

Daniel Harrison was an English tea and coffee merchant. He was a Quaker, and a founder of Harrisons & Crosfield.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 Duvall, J T (1982). "Marshalls: the story of a house". Romford Record. Romford & District Historical Society. No.14: 13–18.
  2. ↑ Pevsner, Nikolaus (1954). The buildings of England : Essex. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. pp. 300–301.

Coordinates: 51°35′03″N0°10′45″E / 51.5843°N 0.1792°E / 51.5843; 0.1792

Geographic coordinate system Coordinate system

A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are often chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position and two or three of the numbers represent a horizontal position; alternatively, a geographic position may be expressed in a combined three-dimensional Cartesian vector. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation. To specify a location on a plane requires a map projection.

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