Martha K. Schwebach | |
---|---|
Born | |
Alma mater | Dominican School of Nursing, University of New Mexico School of Medicine |
Known for | First family nurse practitioner in the United States |
Spouse | Don Schwebach |
Awards | Ten Outstanding Young Americans Governor's Award for Outstanding New Mexico Women Nursing Legend Award |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Medicine, Nurse practitioner |
Martha K. Schwebach (born February 3, 1939) was the first family nurse practitioner in the United States. [1] After joining a pilot program at the University of New Mexico designed to address a physician shortage in non-metropolitan and rural areas, Schwebach received her certification in 1969 and went on to practice in the Estancia Valley and Moriarty, New Mexico. [2] In 1974, she was honored at the White House as one of Ten Outstanding Young Women of America. [3] Schwebach worked as a family nurse practitioner and clinic administrator in rural New Mexico until her retirement in 2006, during which years she also wrote, lectured, and consulted in various locations across the United States on the special health care needs of rural America. [4]
Martha K. Schwebach was born Martha Sue Keene to Sidney and Alice Keene in Pratt, Kansas, on February 3, 1939. Schwebach attended the Dominican School of Nursing at Great Bend, Kansas (Class of 1960). After graduating, she worked "as a surgical, obstetrical, school and medical office nurse" in Albuquerque and Estancia. [5] Between September 1968 and January 1969, Schwebach participated in an intensive certification pilot program at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine, becoming the nation's first family nurse practitioner. [6] The nation's first nurse practitioner program, established at the University of Colorado in 1965 by Henry Silver and Loretta Ford, trained pediatric nurse practitioners rather than family nurse practitioners. The University of New Mexico project, which was designed to improve healthcare at all ages by addressing a shortage of physicians across the country and especially in rural areas, was developed by physicians Robert Oseasohn and Edward Mortimer, who visited Hope Clinic in the rural Estancia Valley on a weekly basis during Schwebach's tenure. [7] [8]
On April 4, 1977, Schwebach opened the Moriarty Medical Clinic. [9] In 1981, she established the Central New Mexico Medical Center in Moriarty, where she worked until 2003 before becoming locum tenens until her retirement in 2006. [4]
Schwebach was selected as one of the Ten Outstanding Young Women of America in 1974, an honor for which she was recognized by President Gerald Ford. [3] In 1990, she received the Governor's Award for Outstanding New Mexico Women from the New Mexico Commission on the Status of Women. [10] The New Mexico Center for Nursing Excellence honored her with a Nursing Legend Award on April 15, 2023. [11] [12]
Nurse practitioners filled a critical gap in United States rural healthcare. By training nurses to treat patients of all ages—providing "health check-ups ... birth control services, antepartal and postpartal care, maintenance of the chronically ill, and care in the case of acute illness or accident"—family nurse practitioners were able provide care for areas unable to maintain a doctor. [13] [14] As The Wall Street Journal noted in the early 1970s, the number of nurse practitioners (or "supernurses") grew rapidly: "Supernurses, almost all of them women, didn't exist a decade ago; today there are some 10,000". [7] A writer for The Washington Star pointed out that the nurse practitioner role "reflected new career fields for women". [8]
A nurse anesthetist is an advanced practice nurse who administers anesthesia for surgery or other medical procedures. They are involved in the administration of anesthesia in a majority of countries, with varying levels of autonomy. Nurse anesthetists provide all services of anesthesia for patients before, during, and after surgery. Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists, (CRNA) are dedicated to the safe administration of anesthesia delivery and work within a diverse team. They are dedicated to patient advocacy, safety and professional development. In some localities, nurse anesthetists provide anesthesia to patients independently; in others they do so under the supervision of physicians. In the United States, the physician may be an anesthesiologist, surgeon, or podiatrist. The International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists was established in 1989 as a forum for developing standards of education, practice, and a code of ethics.
Christian Medical College, Vellore, widely known as CMC, Vellore, is a private, Christian minority community-run medical college and hospital in Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India. This institute includes a network of primary, secondary and tertiary care hospitals.
A nurse practitioner (NP) is an advanced practice registered nurse and a type of mid-level practitioner. NPs are trained to assess patient needs, order and interpret diagnostic and laboratory tests, diagnose disease, prescribe medications and formulate treatment plans. NP training covers basic disease prevention, coordination of care, and health promotion.
Virginia Mason Medical Center is an integrated hospital, training and research facility located in Seattle, Washington, USA. It was the founding location, in 1920, of the private, non-profit Virginia Mason health organization; in January 2021, the Virginia Mason organization merged with CHI Franciscan to form Virginia Mason Franciscan Health, under the parent company CommonSpirit Health. After the merger, the Virginia Mason Medical Center continues under its original name.
Vanderbilt University School of Nursing (VUSN) is a graduate school of Vanderbilt University, located in Nashville, Tennessee. VUSN is closely connected with its parent university and the separate nonprofit Vanderbilt University Medical Center. The School of Nursing is ranked in the top 10 in the U.S. News & World Report rankings. Additionally, its Masters of Science program is ranked 8th, and its Doctorate of Nursing practice program 6th in the report's 2022 graduate school rankings.
A health professional, healthcare professional, or healthcare worker is a provider of health care treatment and advice based on formal training and experience. The field includes those who work as a nurse, physician, physician assistant, registered dietitian, veterinarian, veterinary technician, optometrist, pharmacist, pharmacy technician, medical assistant, physical therapist, occupational therapist, dentist, midwife, psychologist, audiologist, or healthcare scientist, or who perform services in allied health professions. Experts in public health and community health are also health professionals.
The Frontier Nursing Service (FNS) provides healthcare services to rural, underserved populations since 1925, and educates nurse-midwives since 1939.
Nurses in Canada practise in a wide variety of settings, with various levels of training and experience. They provide evidence-based care and educate their patients about health and disease.
Catherine D. DeAngelis is the first woman and the first pediatrician to become editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). She has also edited several additional medical journals. Before assuming the editor's position at JAMA in 2000, DeAngelis was a professor and Vice Dean of Faculty at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. She is the 2015 recipient of the John Howland Award, the most prestigious award given by the American Pediatric Society (APS).
Ruth Watson Lubic, CNM, EdD, FAAN, FACNM, is an American nurse-midwife and applied anthropologist who pioneered the role of nurse-midwives as primary care providers for women, particularly in maternity care. Lubic is considered to be one of the leaders of the nurse-midwifery movement in the United States.
The Jane and Robert Cizik School of Nursing at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston is an American nursing education institution.
Patient abuse or patient neglect is any action or failure to act which causes unreasonable suffering, misery or harm to the patient. Elder abuse is classified as patient abuse of those older than 60 and forms a large proportion of patient abuse.
The Wai‘anae Coast Comprehensive Health Center (WCCHC), founded in 1972, is a community health center serving the healthcare needs of the Wai‘anae Coast on the west side of O‘ahu, in the U.S. state of Hawaii. When it was first established, WCCHC had one doctor and five staff members. In its 40th year in business, WCCHC had 540 employees at the main center in Wai‘anae and four satellite clinics in surrounding areas, including Kapolei and Waipahu.
Maude E. Callen was a nurse-midwife in the South Carolina Lowcountry for over 60 years. Her work was brought to national attention in W. Eugene Smith's photo essay "Nurse Midwife," published in Life on December 3, 1951.
Dr. Donald Guthrie was an American surgeon best known for establishing Guthrie Clinic in Sayre, Pennsylvania in 1910. One of nation's earliest multi-specialty group medical practices, Guthrie based the formation of the clinic that bears his name on the principles he learned while a surgical resident at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Loretta C. Ford is an American nurse and the co-founder of the first nurse practitioner program. Along with pediatrician Henry Silver, Ford started the pediatric nurse practitioner program at the University of Colorado in 1965. In 1972, Ford joined the University of Rochester as founding dean of their nursing school.
A pediatric nurse practitioner (PNP) is a nurse practitioner who specializes in care for newborns, infants, toddlers, preschoolers, school-aged children, adolescents, and young adults. Nurse practitioners have an in-depth knowledge and experience in pediatric healthcare including well childcare, and prevention/management of common pediatric acute illnesses and chronic conditions. This care is provided to support optimal health of children within their community. In order to be a pediatric nurse practitioner, one must be compassionate, resourceful, good at communicating and have good attention to detail.
The Indiana University School of Nursing is an academic college of higher education connected to Indiana University with its main research and educational facilities on the Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis campus and at Indiana University Bloomington. It is known for its nursing research and education, scholarship of teaching and nursing practice, and for its collaborations with IU hospitals and clinical partners. Established in 1914 as the Indiana University Training School for Nurses, it awarded its first nursing diplomas in 1917 and was renamed the IU School of Nursing in 1956. It offers a four-year Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degree, a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree, and two doctoral degrees: Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.). The IU nursing school has received multiple research grants from the National Institutes of Health.
Bobbie Berkowitz is an American professor of nursing and dean emeritus of the School of Nursing at Columbia University. She is best known for her contributions improving public health nursing and health systems with a focus on health disparity.
Josephine Waconda was an American nurse and an administrator of the Indian Health Service. She was a member of Pueblo of Laguna tribe and the first Native American to attain the rank of rear admiral of the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (PHSCC), when she was promoted in 1987 to head the regional Albuquerque office of the Indian Health Service.