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Symbiosis is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two biological organisms of different species, termed symbionts, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic. In 1879, Heinrich Anton de Bary defined it as "the living together of unlike organisms". The term is sometimes used in the more restricted sense of a mutually beneficial interaction in which both symbionts contribute to each other's support.
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The Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology is a research institute for terrestrial microbiology in Marburg, Germany. It was founded in 1991 by Rudolf K. Thauer and is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft). Its sister institute is the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, which was founded a year later in 1992 in Bremen.
Colleen Marie Cavanaugh is an American academic microbiologist best known for her studies of hydrothermal vent ecosystems. As of 2002, she is the Edward C. Jeffrey Professor of Biology in the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University and is affiliated with the Marine Biological Laboratory and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Cavanaugh was the first to propose that the deep-sea giant tube worm, Riftia pachyptila, obtains its food from bacteria living within its cells, an insight which she had as a graduate student at Harvard. Significantly, she made the connection that these chemoautotrophic bacteria were able to play this role through their use of chemosynthesis, the biological oxidation of inorganic compounds to synthesize organic matter from very simple carbon-containing molecules, thus allowing organisms such as the bacteria to exist in deep ocean without sunlight.
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Diana L. Six is a forest entomologist and professor at the University of Montana. Her research focuses primarily on bark beetle ecology and forest adaptation to climate change. Six is the recipient of the 2018 Edward O. Wilson Biodiversity Technology Pioneer Award, has presented at TEDx, and has been featured in National Geographic among other nationally recognized media.
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Cynthia Mira Sharma is a German biologist who is Chair of Molecular Infection Biology at the University of Würzburg. Her research considers how bacteria regulate gene mechanisms. She was awarded a European Research Council Consolidator Grant in 2022.
References
- ↑ Online Publication Service of Würzburg University
- ↑ Profile on the webpage of the Max Planck Society
- ↑ Versatile symbionts: Reed beetles benefit from bacterial helpers through all life stages, press release, Dec. 6, 2020
- ↑ Defensive symbiosis leads to gene loss in bacterial partners, press release, Appr. 19, 2021
- ↑ Beewolves have been successfully using the same antibiotics for 68 million years, press release, Feb. 13, 2018
- ↑ Förderpreis der Ingrid Weiss / Horst Wiehe Stiftung
- ↑ 20. Thüringer Forschungspreis geht an vier Institute
- ↑ ERC Consolidator Grant for research on the relationship between beetles and symbiotic bacteria, press release, Dec. 6, 2018
- ↑ EMBO announces election of new members, EMBO Communications, July 4, 2023
- ↑ Martin Kaltenpoth appointed honorary professor at Friedrich Schiller University, October 30, 2023
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