Martinotti cell

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Martinotti cell
Identifiers
NeuroLex ID nifext_55
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

Martinotti cells are small multipolar neurons with short branching dendrites. They are scattered throughout various layers of the cerebral cortex, sending their axons up to the cortical layer I where they form axonal arborization. The arbors transgress multiple columns in layer VI and make contacts with the distal tuft dendrites of pyramidal cells. [1] Martinotti cells express somatostatin and sometimes calbindin, but not parvalbumin or vasoactive intestinal peptide. [2] Furthermore, Martinotti cells in layer V have been shown to express the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α2 subunit (Chrna2). [3]

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Martinotti cells are associated with a cortical dampening mechanism. [4] When the pyramidal neuron, which is the most common type of neuron in the cortex, starts getting overexcited, Martinotti cells start sending inhibitory signals to the surrounding neurons. [5]

Historically, the discovery of Martinotti cells has been mistakenly attributed to Giovanni Martinotti 1888, although it is now accepted that they were actually discovered in 1889 by Carlo Martinotti (1859–1908), a student of Camillo Golgi. [6]

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See also

List of distinct cell types in the adult human body

References

  1. ↑ Wang Y, Toledo-Rodriguez M, Gupta A, et al. (November 2004). "Anatomical, physiological and molecular properties of Martinotti cells in the somatosensory cortex of the juvenile rat". J. Physiol. 561 (Pt 1): 65–90. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2004.073353. PMC   1665344 . PMID   15331670.
  2. ↑ Sugino K, Hempel CM, Miller MN, et al. (January 2006). "Molecular taxonomy of major neuronal classes in the adult mouse forebrain". Nat. Neurosci. 9 (1): 99–107. doi:10.1038/nn1618. PMID   16369481. S2CID   27815855.
  3. ↑ Hilscher, Markus M.; Leão, Richardson N.; Edwards, Steven J.; Leão, Katarina E.; Kullander, Klas (2017-02-09). "Chrna2-Martinotti Cells Synchronize Layer 5 Type A Pyramidal Cells via Rebound Excitation". PLOS Biology. 15 (2) e2001392. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001392 . ISSN   1545-7885. PMC   5300109 . PMID   28182735.
  4. ↑ Riedemann, T (17 June 2019). "Diversity and Function of Somatostatin-Expressing Interneurons in the Cerebral Cortex". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 20 (12): 2952. doi: 10.3390/ijms20122952 . PMC   6627222 . PMID   31212931.
  5. ↑ Silberberg G, Markram H (March 2007). "Disynaptic inhibition between neocortical pyramidal cells mediated by Martinotti cells". Neuron. 53 (5): 735–46. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.02.012 . PMID   17329212. S2CID   15624023.
  6. ↑ Martinotti C (1889). "Contributo allo studio della corteccia cerebrale, ed all'origine centrale dei nervi". Ann. Freniatr. Sci. Affini. 1: 14–381.


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