Massing

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The Arts Tower in Sheffield, Britain, has a tall, lightweight, cuboid massing. Arts Tower Massing Cuboid.PNG
The Arts Tower in Sheffield, Britain, has a tall, lightweight, cuboid massing.

Massing is a term in architecture which refers to the perception of the general shape and form as well as size of a building. [1] [2]

Massing refers to the structure in three dimensions (form), not just its outline from a single perspective (shape). [1] [3] Massing influences the sense of space which the building encloses, and helps to define both the interior space and the exterior shape of the building. [1] The creation of massing, and changes to it, may be additive (accumulating or repeating masses) or subtractive (creating spaces or voids in a mass by removing parts of it). [4] Massing can also be significantly altered by the materials used for the building's exterior, as transparent, reflective, or layered materials are perceived differently. [1]

It is widely accepted that architectural design begins by studying massing. [5] From a distance, massing, more than any architectural detail, is what creates the most impact on the eye. [6] Architectural details or ornaments may serve to reinforce or minimize massing. [7] Because it has a direct relation to the visual impact a building makes, massing is one of the most important architectural design considerations. [1]

Massing also has an effect on building energy efficiency. A complex shape can present more opportunities for heat loss through the building envelope. Reducing the number of exterior walls, along with a low vertical surface area to floor area ratio (VFAR) decreases heat loss potential. [8]

Some architectural styles are closely associated with massing. [9] [10] For example, the Prairie School is always low and horizontal, while the Gothic style emphasizes verticality and Georgian architecture focuses on solidity and a sense of permanence. [9]

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References

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  2. Born, George Walter (2006). Preserving Paradise: The Architectural Heritage and History of the Florida Keys. Charleston, S.C.: History Press. p. 149. ISBN   9781596291522.
  3. Thompson, Arthur (1999). Architectural Design Procedures. New York: Routledge. p. 108. ISBN   9780415502849.
  4. Dietsch, Deborah K. (2002). Architecture for Dummies. New York: Hungry Minds. pp. 30–31. ISBN   9780764553967.
  5. Leyton, Michael (2001). A generative theory of shape. Berlin: Heidelberg Springer. p. 366. ISBN   9783540454885.
  6. Charleson, Andrew (2015). Structure As Architecture: A Source Book for Architects and Structural Engineers. New York: Routledge. p. 14. ISBN   9780415644594.
  7. Glassie, Henry H. (2000). Vernacular Architecture. Philadelphia, Pa.: Material Culture. p. 69. ISBN   9780253213952.
  8. "BC Energy Step Code Design Guide" (PDF). BC Housing. July 2019. p. 15. Retrieved 23 August 2021..
  9. 1 2 Yatt, Barry D. (1998). Cracking the Codes: An Architect's Guide to Building Regulations. New York: John Wiley. p. 145. ISBN   9780471169673.
  10. Lanier, Gabrielle M.; Herman, Bernard L. (1997). Everyday Architecture of the Mid-Atlantic: Looking at Buildings and Landscapes. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 121. ISBN   9780801853241.