Matthew V. Tirrell | |
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Born | Phillipsburg, New Jersey, U.S. | 5 September 1950
Alma mater | University of Massachusetts Amherst, Northwestern University |
Scientific career | |
Fields | polymer science, molecular engineering, nanotechnology |
Institutions | University of Chicago, Argonne National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, University of Minnesota |
Matthew V. Tirrell (born 5 September 1950) is an American chemical engineer. In 2011 he became the founding Pritzker Director and dean of the Institute for Molecular Engineering (IME) at the University of Chicago, in addition to serving as senior scientist at Argonne National Laboratory. Tirrell's research specializes in the manipulation and measurement of polymer surface properties, polyelectrolyte complexation, and biomedical nanoparticles.
In 2019, IME became the Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering (PME) and Tirrell was named Robert A. Millikan Distinguished Service Professor and Dean. In January 2023, Tirrell was named D. Gale Johnson Distinguished Service Professor. In October 2023, Tirrell stepped out of the PME Dean position and became D. Gale Johnson Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus, while continuing to lead a research group of fifteen members.
Tirrell was born in Phillipsburg, New Jersey on September 5, 1950. [1] He received a bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering (B.S. Ch.E.) in 1973 Northwestern University, and a Ph.D. in 1977 from University of Massachusetts Amherst in Polymer Science and Engineering under Stanley Middleman. [2]
In 1977, Tirrell became an assistant professor in the department of chemical engineering and materials science at the University of Minnesota, receiving promotions through the academic ranks and serving as the head of the department from 1995 to 1999. In 1999, he moved to the University of California, Santa Barbara, where was Richard A. Auhll Professor and dean of the college of engineering. In 2009, he moved to the University of California, Berkeley as Arnold and Barbara Silverman Professor and chair of the department of bioengineering, as well as a professor of materials science and engineering and chemical engineering and a faculty scientist in the Materials Science Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. [3]
In 2011, Tirrell became the founding Pritzker Director and dean of the Institute for Molecular Engineering (IME) at the University of Chicago. In September 2015, he was appointed as the deputy laboratory director for science at Argonne National Laboratory. [4] He stepped out of this role in April 2018. Tirrell returned to Argonne as interim deputy laboratory director from June 2022 to October 2023, at which time he became senior advisor as well as continuing as senior scientist.
The early work in Tirrell's career focused on the behavior of macromolecules in physically confined spaces, in which both the structure and motion of the macromolecule are constrained and distorted by the confining boundaries. For example, the apparent viscosity of a macromolecular solution can be lower because the centers-of-mass of the macromolecules cannot get close to the wall, giving rise to a low viscosity depletion layer (a similar phenomenon occurs, albeit at larger scales, in blood flow in narrow vessels). Tirrell was responsible for developing a quantitative, predictive theoretical picture of this type of phenomenon and comparing it with experimental rheological results. His papers describing this research have collectively been cited more than 1000 times.
Tirrell's interest in polymer confinement led to the investigation of what happens when polymers stick (adhere, adsorb) to the walls confining them. His research group became especially interested in a prediction made in the late 1970s by Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, about the situation where a polymer molecule is tethered by its end to a surface but no other segments were attracted to the surface, a situation that has become known as a polymer brush. De Gennes predicted that a dense layer of such end-tethered chains would result in the chains stretching out normal to the tethering surface to a high degree, resulting in a surface that is resistant to adhesion and has very low friction. Tirrell conceived and implemented the first experimental system to test these predictions by adsorbing block copolymers, and demonstrated the theoretically anticipated stretching and long-range repulsion. His interest in this field, amassing more than 3500 citations, continues today, especially in the area of charged polymer brushes, which are bio-medically relevant in situations such as mucosal and cartilage surfaces.
Eventually, Tirrell's work on block copolymers led him to starting research in the field of peptide amphiphiles. In the field of tissue engineering, in the early 1990s, the idea of adding ingredients, such as cell adhesion peptides (e.g., RGD) to surfaces and matrices was being developed. Tirrell realized that the majority of the ways that such molecules were being presented was very haphazard and uncontrolled. His research group began to explore the idea of conjugating peptides to lipids in order to use the self-assembly character of lipids to direct a controlled presentation of peptides. This has led to current work in peptide amphiphile micelles, which are versatile, modular, biofunctional nanoparticles that can be injected into the circulation to target, image and, in some cases, treat pathological conditions. The Tirrell group has active work now in using such particles to diagnose and treat atherosclerosis, and also to stimulate the adaptive immune system to generate desired B-cell and T-cell responses.
The other principal area of Tirrell's current work, in addition to peptide amphiphiles, is in the generation of new materials and functional assemblies via polyelectrolyte complexation. Under the right conditions, oppositely charged polyelectrolyte chains can assemble into flexible, fluid complexes. Such fluids (sometimes known as coacervates) have very low interfacial tension with water so they are very useful as encapsulants and also as agents to drive self-assembly in aqueous systems. Tirrell's research group has been exploring these materials and assemblies in a variety of biomedical applications such as micelle formation, encapsulation and hydrogel formation. A specific recent development has been in the assembly of polyelectrolyte complex micelles with nucleic acid cores to treat cardiovascular conditions arising from inflammation.
Molecular engineering is an emerging field of study concerned with the design and testing of molecular properties, behavior and interactions in order to assemble better materials, systems, and processes for specific functions. This approach, in which observable properties of a macroscopic system are influenced by direct alteration of a molecular structure, falls into the broader category of “bottom-up” design.
Kathryn Uhrich is Dean of the College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, at The University of California, Riverside, and founder of Polymerix Corporation. She has received many awards for her research and work including the ACS Buck-Whitney Award and the Sioux Award. She was a fellow at both the National Academy of Inventors and the American Chemical Society in 2014.
Nicholas (Nikolaos) A. Peppas is a chemical and biomedical engineer whose leadership in biomaterials science and engineering, drug delivery, bionanotechnology, pharmaceutical sciences, chemical and polymer engineering has provided seminal foundations based on the physics and mathematical theories of nanoscale, macromolecular processes and drug/protein transport and has led to numerous biomedical products or devices.
Peptide amphiphiles (PAs) are peptide-based molecules that self-assemble into supramolecular nanostructures including; spherical micelles, twisted ribbons, and high-aspect-ratio nanofibers. A peptide amphiphile typically comprises a hydrophilic peptide sequence attached to a lipid tail, i.e. a hydrophobic alkyl chain with 10 to 16 carbons. Therefore, they can be considered a type of lipopeptide. A special type of PA, is constituted by alternating charged and neutral residues, in a repeated pattern, such as RADA16-I. The PAs were developed in the 1990s and the early 2000s and could be used in various medical areas including: nanocarriers, nanodrugs, and imaging agents. However, perhaps their main potential is in regenerative medicine to culture and deliver cells and growth factors.
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David A. Tirrell is an American chemist and the Ross McCollum-William H. Corcoran Professor and professor of chemistry and chemical engineering at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). A pioneer in the areas of polymer synthesis and protein biosynthesis, his research has a wide range of applications, including coatings, adhesion, lubrication, bioengineering and biomedical intervention. From 2012 to 2018, Tirrell was the director of the Beckman Institute at Caltech. As of 2017, he serves as Caltech's Provost. He is one of very few American scientists to have been elected to all three branches of the United States National Academies: the National Academy of Sciences (2006), the National Academy of Engineering (2008), and the Institute of Medicine (2011). He was elected a Member of the American Philosophical Society in 2019.
Samuel I. Stupp, is a Board of Trustees Professor of Materials Science, Chemistry, and Medicine at Northwestern University in Chicago, IL. He is best known for his work on self-assembling materials and supramolecular chemistry. One of his most notable discoveries is a broad class of peptide amphiphiles that self-assemble into high aspect ratio nanofibers with extensive applications in regenerative medicine. He has also made significant contributions to the fields of supramolecular chemistry, nanotechnology, and organic electronic materials. He has over 500 peer-reviewed publications and was one of the 100 most cited chemists in the 2000–2010 decade.
Paula Therese Hammond is a David H. Koch Professor in Engineering and the Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She was the first woman and person of color appointed as head of the Chemical Engineering department. Her laboratory designs polymers and nanoparticles for drug delivery and energy-related applications including batteries and fuel cells.
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