| Max Liebling House | |
|---|---|
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| General information | |
| Architectural style | Bauhaus, International Style |
| Location | 29 Idelson Street, Tel Aviv, Israel |
| Construction started | 1936 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Dov Karmi |
Max Liebling House is a Bauhaus-style modernist building in Tel Aviv, Israel. Located at 29 Idelson Street, it was designed by architect Dov Karmi and built by Tony and Max Liebling in 1936. [1] [2]
Max Leibling house was the first building in the country to use elongated recessed balconies, an adaptation of Le Corbusier's strip windows. [2] Horizontality is emphasized by the narrow intervals between the building's parapet and overhang; not only does this have the design impact of emphasizing the horizontal style, it has the practical effect of screening out the heat of the Mediterranean sun. [2] The timbered pergola, a design element frequently seen in Jerusalem, is unusual in Tel Aviv. [2]
In 2014 Max Liebling House was one of the first ten modernist buildings to receive restoration grants under the Getty Foundation's new "Keeping It Modern" initiative. [3] [4]
In 2015 the German government funded the restoration of the House as a museum that would also oversee the restoration and preservation of Tel Aviv's notable Bauhaus buildings. [5] [6] [7] [8] Tel Aviv's White City district, a designate World Heritage Site, is the largest collection of German Bauhaus-style buildings found anywhere in the world. [9]
The house features distinctive characteristics of the International style, such as a designed entrance that also includes a fishpond, a luxurious staircase room, and recessed balconies. [10]
The house stands out as the first building in Israel to use elongated recessed balconies as an adaptation to the ribbon windows (continuous horizontal windows serving as a motif in the building envelope, allowing any desired opening for light, air, and a sense of flow into the building) of Le Corbusier. The horizontal lines are emphasized by the narrow spaces between the building's shell and the pergola; the building incorporates design influences that highlight the horizontal style, as well as a practical effect of shading from the Mediterranean midday sun. The wooden-covered pergola, an architectural element often seen in Jerusalem, is rarer in Tel Aviv. [11]
During the renovation, efforts were made to preserve the unique style of the building. According to architect Rivka Karmi, responsible for the renovation, the uniqueness of the building also arises from the proportions of the front and its connection to the street. The balconies and narrow windows serve as mediation between the outside and inside, isolating from noise and light.
The research conducted prior to the renovation, as well as its planning and execution, mostly using traditional materials and techniques, were carried out in collaboration with experts from Germany who prioritized the building's needs over other considerations. In some walls, previous paint layers were preserved, and some were repainted in the original colors of Le Corbusier. The windows, frames, and doors were restored to details, including adjustable blinds in the doors. In the front restoration, the original plaster was preserved as much as possible, and cracks were fixed using a special technique rather than replacing the entire plaster. [12]
The Staatliches Bauhaus, commonly known as the Bauhaus, was a German art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined crafts and the fine arts. The school became famous for its approach to design, which attempted to unify individual artistic vision with the principles of mass production and emphasis on function. Along with the doctrine of functionalism, the Bauhaus initiated the conceptual understanding of architecture and design.
Walter Adolph Georg Gropius was a German-American architect and founder of the Bauhaus School, who, along with Alvar Aalto, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright, is widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modernist architecture. He was a founder of Bauhaus in Weimar (1919). Gropius was also a leading architect of the International Style.
The International Style or internationalism is a major architectural style that developed in the 1920s and 1930s and was closely related to modernism and modernist architecture. It was first defined by Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) curators Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson in 1932, based on works of architecture from the 1920s. The terms rationalist architecture and modern movement are often used interchangeably with International Style, although the former is mostly used in the English-speaking world to specifically refer to the Italian rationalism, or even the International Style that developed in Europe as a whole.
Modern architecture, also called modernist architecture, was an architectural movement and style that was prominent in the 20th century, between the earlier Art Deco and later postmodern movements. Modern architecture was based upon new and innovative technologies of construction ; the principle functionalism ; an embrace of minimalism; and a rejection of ornament.
Günther Förg was a German painter, graphic designer, sculptor and photographer. His abstract style was influenced by American abstract painting.
The White City is a collection of over 4,000 buildings in Tel Aviv from the 1930s built in a unique form of the International Style, commonly known as Bauhaus, by German Jewish architects who fled to the British Mandate of Palestine from Germany after the rise to power of the Nazis. Tel Aviv has the largest number of buildings in the Bauhaus/International Style of any city in the world. Preservation, documentation, and exhibitions have brought attention to Tel Aviv's collection of 1930s architecture. In 2003, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) proclaimed Tel Aviv's White City a World Cultural Heritage site, as "an outstanding example of new town planning and architecture in the early 20th century." The citation recognized the unique adaptation of modern international architectural trends to the cultural, climatic, and local traditions of the city. Bauhaus Center Tel Aviv organizes regular architectural tours of the city.
The New Objectivity is a name often given to the Modern architecture that emerged in Europe, primarily German-speaking Europe, in the 1920s and 30s. It is also frequently called Neues Bauen. The New Objectivity remodeled many German cities in this period.
The architecture of Israel has been influenced by the different architectural styles of those who have inhabited the country over time, sometimes modified to suit the local climate and landscape. Byzantine churches, Crusader castles, Islamic madrasas, Templer houses, Arab arches and minarets, Russian Orthodox onion domes, International Style modernist buildings, sculptural concrete Brutalist architecture, and glass-sided skyscrapers all are part of the architecture of Israel.
Arieh Sharon was an Israeli architect and winner of the Israel Prize for Architecture in 1962. Sharon was a critical contributor to the early architecture in Israel and the leader of the first master plan of the young state, reporting to then Prime Minister, David Ben-Gurion. Sharon studied at the Bauhaus in Dessau under Walter Gropius and Hannes Meyer and on his return to Israel in 1931, started building in the International Style, better known locally as the Bauhaus style of Tel Aviv. Sharon built private houses, cinemas and in 1937 his first hospital, a field in which he specialized in his later career, planning and constructing many of the country's largest medical centers.
The Weizmann House was the home of the first President of Israel, Chaim Weizmann, and first First Lady, Vera Weizmann. The house sits atop a hill in Rehovot, and is now part of the Weizmann Institute of Science. The house was designed by Jewish architect Erich Mendelsohn, and is recognized as a masterpiece.
Bauhaus Center Tel Aviv is an organization concerned with Bauhaus architecture and design in the city of Tel Aviv, Israel. Buildings designed in the International Style, commonly known as Bauhaus, comprise most of the center of Tel Aviv known as The White City. The vision behind the Center is to raise awareness of the Bauhaus heritage and be part of the cultural and artistic development in Tel Aviv.
Nitza Metzger-Szmuk is an Israeli architect, and Emet Prize laureate in architecture for her work on documentation and preservation of Tel Aviv's White City. She also received the Rokach Prize in 2001.
Dov Karmi was an architect of Mandate Palestine and Israel.
Habima Square is a major public space in the center of Tel Aviv, Israel, which is home to a number of cultural institutions such as the Habima Theatre, the Culture Palace, and the Helena Rubinstein Pavilion for Contemporary Art. The square is at the intersection of Rothschild Boulevard, Hen Boulevard, Dizengoff Street, and Ben-Zion Boulevard.
Froumine House was the temporary abode of the Israeli Parliament, the Knesset, from 1950 to 1966. The building is at 24 King George Street in downtown Jerusalem. The first to the fifth Knesset sessions were conducted there.
Ze'ev Rechter (1899–1960) was a pioneering architect of Mandate Palestine and Israel, who designed many of Israel's iconic buildings. He is considered one of the three founding fathers of Israeli architecture, along with Dov Karmi and Arieh Sharon. Among his works, Rechter designed Binyanei HaUma, the Tel Aviv courthouse and the Mann Auditorium. He introduced the use of stilt columns known as piloti in residential housing in Israel.
Ben-Ami Shulman was an Israeli architect who was posthumously recognized as one of the significant 1930s architects of the modernist White City of Tel Aviv. The White City, which features the largest collection of international style architecture in the world, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2003.
The Bauhaus Foundation, Tel Aviv is a private, non-profit museum and research center in Tel Aviv, Israel dedicated to the conservation, study and display of Bauhaus architecture, design, and art. The foundation is located on 21 Bialik Street, adjacent to Bialik House and old Tel Aviv City Hall, in a building designed by Shlomo Gepstein in 1934. It is owned by American billionaire, businessperson, art collector and philanthropist Ronald Lauder. Initial project was led by Daniella Luxembourg.
Joseph Berlin (1877-1952) was an Israeli architect who worked in Russia and Mandatory Palestine.
Nahalat Binyamin is a partially car-free street and a neighbourhood in Tel Aviv, Israel.
Media related to Max-Liebling House at Wikimedia Commons
32°04′24″N34°46′13″E / 32.0734°N 34.7704°E
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