The Mein tribe [1] of the Ijaw people lives along the Forcados River in Delta State, [2] Nigeria. [3] The Mein trace their origins to Benin City, [4] via parts of the central Niger Delta. [5] Important Mein settlements include Ogobiri and Kiagbodo. [6]
Most of the Mein live along the Forcados River in Burutu and Bomadi Local Government Areas [7] of Delta state, with Kiagbodo as the most conspicuous settlement. As indicated [8] by Mein customs, the eponymous progenitor, Mein lived at Benin and moved to Aboh to keep away from wars. He then left Aboh because of contentions, and settled at Ogobiri in the Sagbama – Igbedi brook (present-day Bayelsa state [9] ). It was from here that further developments happened for the most part because of questions and over-populace, prompting displacements toward the western Delta. [10] [11]
The Izon people, otherwise known as the Izon otu, are an ethnic group majorly found in the Niger Delta in Nigeria, with significant population clusters in Bayelsa, in Delta, and in Rivers. They are also found in other Nigerian states like Ondo, Akwa Ibom and longtime migrants in Edo State. Many are found as migrant fishermen in camps as far west as Sierra Leone and as far east as Gabon. Population figures for the Ijaws are placed at just over 10 million, accounting for 1.8% of the Nigerian population. They have long lived in locations near many sea trade routes, and they were well connected to other areas by trade as early as the 15th century.
Bayelsa is one of the states in southern part of Nigeria, located in the core of the Niger Delta region. Bayelsa State was created in 1996 and was carved out from Rivers State, making it one of the newest states in the federation. It shares a boundary with Rivers State to the East and Delta State to the west, with the waters of the Atlantic Ocean dominating its southern borders. It has a total area of 10, 773 km2. The state comprises of eight Local Government Areas. they are Ekeremor, Kolokuma/Opokuma, Yenagoa, Nembe, Ogbia, Sagbama, hi Brass and Southern Ijaw. The state borders Rivers State, of which it was formerly part, and Delta State.
Yenagoa is a Local Government Area and capital city of Bayelsa State, southern Nigeria. It is located at the southern part of the country at coordinates 4°55′29″N6°15′51″E.
The Isoko Language is an Edoid language, one of the languages in Delta State spoken by the Isoko people in Isoko South, North and part of Ndokwa East Local Government Areas of Delta State, Southern part of Nigeria in Niger Delta region. It is also spoken in some part of Bayelsa. The Isoko language has close similarities between them and Edo people with other Edoid language because it is an Edoid language,the Isoko people are “an ethnic nationality made up of people and their ancestral roots can be traced through history to the Benin (Aka) kingdom, attested to by the linguistic and cultural similarities that exist between the Isoko people and the Benin (Aka)people” although a few of the Isoko communities or clans have their origins attached to the Ibo language and Urhobo language. Some 750,000 people consider themselves Isoko. Language is a mark of identity and plays an all-important role in the life of a people. The Isoko language however, is being threatened with extinction as reported by Idudhe (2002), as a result of neglect in teaching, learning and use. The Isoko language has about 20 to 21 dialects, but the Aviara/Uzere dialect is the standard dialect of the language.
Brass is a Local Government Area in Bayelsa State, southern Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Twon-Brass on Brass Island along the coast, it has a coastline of approximately 90 km on the Bight of Bonny. Much of the area of the LGA is occupied by the Edumanom National Forest.
The Akassa tribe of the Ijaw people lives along the Nun River estuary and the Atlantic Coast of southern Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Akassa settlements include: Opu-Akassa, Sangana, and Kamatoru.
The Eastern Apoi tribe of the Ijaw people is located in central Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The Eastern Apoi tribe is small and geographically isolated. Apoi settlements include: Keme-ebiama, Kolokologbene, Ogboinbiri, Sampou, Gbaran, Kassama, and Azama. Migrants from the Eastern Apoi clan established the Western Apoi clan in Ondo State hundreds of years ago. Also, the Arogbo tribe traces its origins to a migration from the Apoi town of Gbaran.
The Bassan tribe (Basan) of the Ijaw people lives in western Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Bassan settlements include: Ezetu, Koloama, Sangana, Foropah, Ukubie, Lubia, Azuzuama, Akparatubo, and Ekeni.
The Buseni tribe (Biseni) lives in central Bayelsa State, Nigeria. It is a small tribe bordered by the Gbaran to the north and by the Zarama and Okordia clans to the northeast. Buseni dialects represent Southeast Ijo (Izon). And it is considered Inland Ijo.
The Boma tribe (Bumo) of the Ijaw people live in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The thirteen Bumo settlements are: Diebu, Ekowe, Emette, Eniwari, Fonibiri, Igbematoru, Ikianbiri, Kainyanbiri, Ozezebiri, Peremabiri, Polobugo and Seibiri.
The Ekpetiama clan of the Ijaw ethnic group lives in central Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The clan derives its name from its common ancestor: Ekpeti. Tombia is the clan preeminent town. Other settlements include: Bumodi, Agudama, Akabiri, and Gbarantoru. The Ekpetiama clan holds an annual festival honoring its clan god, Amadosu. Tombia and Bumodi both have shrines honoring Amadosu. The governor of Bayelsa State Governor, Douye Diri gave automatic scholarship to Ebizi Blessing Eradiri for her Master and Doctorate degrees in any university in Nigeria or abroad. These event was honour by the Ibenanaowei of Ekpetiama Kingdom, King Bubaraye Dakolo.
The Ekeremor tribe of the Ijaw people inhabits Ekeremor Local Government Area, Bayelsa State and Burutu Local Government Area, Delta State in southern Nigeria. Important Ekeremor settlements include: Ekeremor, Ojobo (Ozobo), Amabilo, and Ndoro. The Ekeremor tribe has close historical and kinship ties with the Oporoma, Eastern Olodiama and Ogbe tribes. The worship of the god Egbesu is widespread among the Ekeremor.
The Engenni people live in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. They are considered to be Edoid based on linguistic grounds. They live in close proximity with their Ijaw relatives. They primarily live in Ahoada west local government area of Rivers state, Nigeria. Although they consider themselves to be Engenni, the Engenni speak an Edoid language. Alagoa (2003) said: “---The penetration of the Niger-Delta by Edoid groups extends to the Epie-Atissa and Engenni of the central and Eastern Niger-Delta----The Epie, along with the Ogbia and other groups of the central and eastern Niger-Delta, are historically united with the Ijaw.” The other groups of the central and eastern Niger-Delta which Professor Ebiegberi Alagoa said that were historically united with the Ijaw, include the Engenni, as shown from his narrative above. The Engenni have close relations with neighbouring Ijaw tribes such as the Zarama and Epie-Atissa.
The Epie and Atissa are two Nations that live along Epie Creek, northeast of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Together, they are commonly known as the Epie-Atissa. The influx of the Engenni migrants to the present location of Epie-Atissa led to its expansion. The Engenni people belong to the Edoid group who share cultural similarity with the Ijaw and the Engenni.
The Kabo tribe of the Izon people lives in the vicinity of Patani in Delta State, Nigeria. The tribe gets its name from its founder, Kabo, and from Kabobolou Creek. Two Kabo towns are located along the creek. Other Kabo settlements include: Patani, Elemebiri (Ofonibeingha), Asamabiri, and Ekperiwari.
The Gbaran tribe of the Ijaw people lives along Taylor Creek in central Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Gbaran settlements include: Okotiama, Poloaku, Obinagha, Ogboloma, Nedugo, Agbia, Ibiaye (Ebiyai), and Koroama. Okotiama is the senior community. The close proximity of Gbaran villages along Taylor Creek has helped them maintain their shared cultural traditions. The clan god is Gbaran Ziba.
The Kolokuma tribe of the Ijaw people live along the Nun River in Bayelsa State, Southern Nigeria. Kolokuma settlements include: Seibokorogha (Sabagreia), Odi, Okoloba, Igbedi and Kaiama. The geographic position of the Kolokuma clan caused them to interact with neighboring peoples including the Mein, Western Tarakiri, Isoko, and Ndokwa Igbo. Also, wars were fought between the Kolokuma and the Boma and Oyakiri tribes in the distant past. Egbesu is the tribal god of the Kolokuma. Historically, the tribe came under the central authority of the high priest of Egbesu. The Kolokuma people speak the Izon language. They are predominantly farmers and fishermen. The freedom just fighter Major Adaka Boro was from the Kolokuma tribe.
The Kumbo tribe (Kumbowei) of the Izon people lives in southern Delta State and northern Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The major town of Sagbama is the tribal seat. Other important Kumbo settlements include: Agoloma, Apeleibiri, Angiama. Despite being located close to one another, Kumbo towns enjoy a great deal of autonomy from central tribal authority.
Ogbia is a Local Government Area of Bayelsa State in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Its headquarters is in the town of Ogbia in the south of the area at 4°39′00″N6°16′00″E.
Izon (Ịzọn), also known as (Central–Western) Ijo, Ijaw, Izo and Uzo, is the dominant Izon language, spoken by a majority of the Izon people of Nigeria.