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Gay bashing is an attack, abuse, or assault committed against a person who is perceived by the aggressor to be gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender or queer (LGBTQ+). It includes both violence against LGBTQ people and LGBTQ bullying. The term covers violence against and bullying of people who are LGBTQ, as well as non-LGBTQ people whom the attacker perceives to be LGBTQ.
Queer theory is a field of post-structuralist critical theory that emerged in the early 1990s out of queer studies and women's studies.
Queer studies, sexual diversity studies, or LGBTQ studies is the study of topics relating to sexual orientation and gender identity usually focusing on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender dysphoric, asexual, aromantic, queer, questioning, and intersex people and cultures.
Biphobia is aversion toward bisexuality or people who are identified or perceived as being bisexual. Similarly to homophobia, it refers to hatred and prejudice specifically against those identified or perceived as being in the bisexual community. It can take the form of denial that bisexuality is a genuine sexual orientation, or of negative stereotypes about people who are bisexual. Other forms of biphobia include bisexual erasure. Biphobia may also avert towards other sexualities attracted to multiple genders such as pansexuality or polysexuality, as the idea of being attracted to multiple genders is generally the cause of stigma towards bisexuality.
Non-heterosexual is a word for a sexual orientation or sexual identity that is not heterosexual. The term helps define the "concept of what is the norm and how a particular group is different from that norm". Non-heterosexual is used in feminist and gender studies fields as well as general academic literature to help differentiate between sexual identities chosen, prescribed and simply assumed, with varying understanding of implications of those sexual identities. The term is similar to queer, though less politically charged and more clinical; queer generally refers to being non-normative and non-heterosexual. Some view the term as being contentious and pejorative as it "labels people against the perceived norm of heterosexuality, thus reinforcing heteronormativity". Still, others say non-heterosexual is the only term useful to maintaining coherence in research and suggest it "highlights a shortcoming in our language around sexual identity"; for instance, its use can enable bisexual erasure.
Robert Allan Humphreys (1930–1988), known as Laud Humphreys, was an American sociologist and Episcopal priest. He is noted for his research into sexual encounters between men in public bathrooms, published as Tearoom Trade (1970) and for the questions that emerged from what was overwhelmingly considered unethical research methods. He influenced generations of scholars who research issues related to sexuality and sexual identity.
Labeling theory posits that self-identity and the behavior of individuals may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them. It is associated with the concepts of self-fulfilling prophecy and stereotyping. Labeling theory holds that deviance is not inherent in an act, but instead focuses on the tendency of majorities to negatively label minorities or those seen as deviant from standard cultural norms. The theory was prominent during the 1960s and 1970s, and some modified versions of the theory have developed and are still currently popular. Stigma is defined as a powerfully negative label that changes a person's self-concept and social identity.
In human sexuality, kinkiness is the use of sexual practices, concepts or fantasies that are not conventional. The term derives from the idea of a "bend" in one's sexual behaviour, to contrast such behaviour with "straight" or "vanilla" sexual mores and proclivities. It is thus a colloquial term for non-normative sexual behaviour. The term "kink" has been claimed by some who practice sexual fetishism as a term or synonym for their practices, indicating a range of sexual and sexualistic practices from playful to sexual objectification and certain paraphilias. In the 21st century the term "kink", along with expressions like BDSM, leather and fetish, has become more commonly used than the term paraphilia. Some universities also feature student organizations focused on kinks, within the context of wider LGBTQ concerns.
The gender binary is the classification of gender into two distinct forms of masculine and feminine, whether by social system, cultural belief, or both simultaneously. Most cultures use a gender binary, having two genders.
The questioning of one's sexual orientation, sexual identity, gender, or all three is a process of exploration by people who may be unsure, still exploring, or concerned about applying a social label to themselves for various reasons. The letter "Q" is sometimes added to the end of the acronym LGBT ; the "Q" can refer to either queer or questioning.
Sexuality and space is a field of study within human geography. The phrase encompasses all relationships and interactions between human sexuality, space and place, themes studied within cultural geography, i.e., environmental and architectural psychology, urban sociology, gender studies, queer studies, socio-legal studies, planning, housing studies and criminology.
Closeted and in the closet are metaphors for LGBTQ people who have not disclosed their sexual orientation or gender identity and aspects thereof, including sexual identity and sexual behavior. This metaphor is associated and sometimes combined with coming out, the act of revealing one's sexuality or gender to others, to create the phrase "coming out of the closet".
The relationship between religion and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) people can vary greatly across time and place, within and between different religions and sects, and regarding different forms of homosexuality, bisexuality, non-binary, and transgender identities. More generally, the relationship between religion and sexuality ranges widely among and within them, from giving sex and sexuality a rather negative connotation to believing that sex is the highest expression of the divine.
Minority stress describes high levels of stress faced by members of stigmatized minority groups. It may be caused by a number of factors, including poor social support and low socioeconomic status; well understood causes of minority stress are interpersonal prejudice and discrimination. Indeed, numerous scientific studies have shown that when minority individuals experience a high degree of prejudice, this can cause stress responses that accrue over time, eventually leading to poor mental and physical health. Minority stress theory summarizes these scientific studies to explain how difficult social situations lead to chronic stress and poor health among minority individuals.
LGBT migration is the movement of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people around the world or within one country. LGBT individuals choose to migrate so as to escape discrimination, bad treatment and negative attitudes due to their sexuality, including homophobia and transphobia. These people are inclined to be marginalized and face socio-economic challenges in their home countries. Globally and domestically, many LGBT people attempt to leave discriminatory regions in search of more tolerant ones.
The following outline offers an overview and guide to LGBTQ topics:
LGBTQ psychology is a field of psychology of surrounding the lives of LGBTQ+ individuals, in the particular the diverse range of psychological perspectives and experiences of these individuals. It covers different aspects such as identity development including the coming out process, parenting and family practices and support for LGBTQ+ individuals, as well as issues of prejudice and discrimination involving the LGBTQ community.
Sexual assault of LGBT people, also known as sexual and gender minorities (SGM), is a form of violence that occurs within the LGBT community. While sexual assault and other forms of interpersonal violence can occur in all forms of relationships, it is found that sexual minorities experience it at rates that are equal to or higher than their heterosexual counterparts. There is a lack of research on this specific problem for the LGBT population as a whole, but there does exist a substantial amount of research on college LGBT students who have experienced sexual assault and sexual harassment.
Current research indicates that autistic people have higher rates of LGBTQ identities and feelings than the general population. A variety of explanations for this have been proposed, such as prenatal hormonal exposure, which has been linked with sexual orientation, gender dysphoria and autism. Alternatively, autistic people may be less reliant on social norms and thus are more open about their orientation or gender identity. A narrative review published in 2016 stated that while various hypotheses have been proposed for an association between autism and gender dysphoria, they lack strong evidence.
Cisnormativity or cissexual assumption is the assumption that everyone is, or ought to be, cisgender. The term can further refer to a wider range of presumptions about gender assignment, such as the presumption of a gender binary, or expectations of conformity to gender roles even when transgender identities are otherwise acknowledged. Cisnormativity is a form of cisgenderism, an ideology which promotes various normative ideas about gender, to the invalidation of individuals' own gender identities, analogous to heterosexism or ableism.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Troxell, Adam (May 25, 2019). "Encouraged by overcoming barriers, Worthen becomes youngest full professor at OU". The Norman Transcript . Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- 1 2 3 4 Dorner, Robin (July 7, 2019). "Youngest full professor brings awareness to LGBTQ+ faculty at OU". The Gayly. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ↑ Worthen, Meredith Gwynne Fair (2009). The color of friendship gender, race/ethnicity, and the relationships between friendship and delinquency (PhD thesis). University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved August 6, 2024.
- ↑ Crilly, Rob (September 8, 2018). "New York ballet in turmoil after sexual harrassment claims, but 'the surface has barely been scratched'". The Telegraph . Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ↑ "Sociologist examines LGT attitudes". The Journal Record . October 23, 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2022– via Gale.
- ↑ Staples, Louis (February 13, 2019). "The Sexy, Secret History of Leather Fetish Fashion". Another Man . Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ↑ Dorner, Robin (May 9, 2020). "Local writer creates Norm-Centered Stigma Theory in her new book". The Gayly. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ↑ "The Welcoming Project". thewelcomingproject.org. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ↑ Dorner, Robin (August 15, 2019). "The Welcoming Project at 1,000 Locations". The Gayly. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ↑ Price, Crystal (December 31, 2018). "OU professor creates Instagram account to help sexual assault victims". KOCO-TV . Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ↑ Review of Queers, Bis, and Straight Lies
- Torre, Beatriz A. (Winter 2021). "Queers, Bis, and Straight Lies: An Intersectional Examination of LGBTQ Stigma". Psychology of Sexualities Review. 12 (2): 59–61 – via EBSCOhost.
- ↑ Reviews of Religion, Families, and Health in the United States
- Rote, Sunshine (March 2011). "Reviewed Work: RELIGION, FAMILIES, AND HEALTH: POPULATION-BASED RESEARCH IN THE UNITED STATES by Christopher G. Ellison, Robert A. Hummer". Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion . 50 (1): 223–225. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- Denney, Justin T. (September 2011). "Reviewed Work: Religion, Families, and Health: Population-Based Research in the United States by Christopher G. Ellison, Robert A. Hummer". Contemporary Sociology . 40 (5): 577–579. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- Carlson, Elwood (Autumn 2011). "Reviewed Work: Religion, Families and Health: Population-based Research in the United States by CHRISTOPHER G. ELLISON, ROBERT A. HUMMER". Sociology of Religion . 72 (3): 384–385. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- Royle, Marjorie H. (March 2011). "Reviewed Work: Religion, Families and Health: Population-Based Research in the United States by Christopher G. Ellison, Robert A. Hummer". Review of Religious Research . 52 (3): 337–338. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ↑ Reviews of Encyclopedia of Social Networks
- Peters, John (December 1, 2011). "Encyclopedia of Social Networks". Library Journal . Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- Rodzvilla, J. (February 2012). "Encyclopedia of social networks". CHOICE: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries . 49 (6). Retrieved 3 December 2022– via Gale.
- Rosenberg, Robyn (March 1, 2012). "Encyclopedia of Social Networks". Booklist . 108 (13). Retrieved 3 December 2022– via Gale.
- Lear, Bernadette A. (Summer 2012). "Reviewed Work: Encyclopedia of Social Networks by George A. Barnett". Reference & User Services Quarterly . 51 (4): 369–370. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ↑ "Study Examines the Political Perspectives of College Students by Gender and Sexual Orientation". Women in Academia Report. January 2, 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ↑ Nolan, David (December 13, 2018). "Bisexual People are More Likely to Be Liberal, Study Finds". The Georgia Voice . Retrieved 3 December 2022.
