 | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source .(December 2010) |
Metadata Authority Description Schema (MADS) is an XML schema developed by the United States Library of Congress' Network Development and Standards Office that provides an authority element set to complement the Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS). [1]
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MADS does authority control. It is a schema to define people, organizations, and geographical locations which can be involved in creating or publishing a creative work, publication, or artifact. Descriptive schemas for creative works and publications can reference MADS, with the underlying descriptive schema describing the item and referencing a MADS record which describes a creator or location. Authority control allows precise work with issues such as distinguishing multiple authors who share a name, sorting a list of books based on where each was published, and identifying all publications by scholars who are members of a specific organization or graduates of a specific college.
MADS is a schema for carrying authority control information and for describing authorities. It is not a controlled vocabulary nor a registry. It can reference controlled vocabularies or registries, such as Virtual International Authority File (VIAF), Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID), or the Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN).
MADS was originally formulated as an XML schema, but it also has an expression in Resource Description Framework (RDF), called MADS/RDF. MADS/RDF expresses and makes statements about Authorities and their Variants, which are controlled records, and distinguishes these from the real-world objects (RWOs) they describe. [4]
The Library of Congress had been representing bibliographic authority data in Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) since 2009. However, they found that they couldn’t present the full structure of authorities such as the LC Subject Headings (LCSH) in a general-purpose form such as SKOS. MADS/RDF is intended to complement SKOS: its classes and properties are subclasses of appropriate SKOS items. For example, madsrdf:Authority is a sub-class of skos:Concept, and madsrdf:authoritativeLabel is a sub-property of skos:prefLabel. [4]
MADS/RDF authority items use both authoritativeLabels, which are structured strings like "United States--New Jersey--Essex--Montclair", and collections of typed nodes such as {Country, State, County, City}. [4]
The Dublin Core, also known as the Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DCMES), is a set of fifteen main metadata items for describing digital or physical resources. The Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI) is responsible for formulating the Dublin Core; DCMI is a project of the Association for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T), a non-profit organization.
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In information science, authority control is a process that organizes information, for example in library catalogs, by using a single, distinct spelling of a name (heading) or an identifier for each topic or concept. The word authority in authority control derives from the idea that the names of people, places, things, and concepts are authorized, i.e., they are established in one particular form. These one-of-a-kind headings or identifiers are applied consistently throughout catalogs which make use of the respective authority file, and are applied for other methods of organizing data such as linkages and cross references. Each controlled entry is described in an authority record in terms of its scope and usage, and this organization helps the library staff maintain the catalog and make it user-friendly for researchers.
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Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) is a W3C recommendation designed for representation of thesauri, classification schemes, taxonomies, subject-heading systems, or any other type of structured controlled vocabulary. SKOS is part of the Semantic Web family of standards built upon RDF and RDFS, and its main objective is to enable easy publication and use of such vocabularies as linked data.
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The Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) is an XML-based bibliographic description schema developed by the United States Library of Congress' Network Development and Standards Office. MODS was designed as a compromise between the complexity of the MARC format used by libraries and the extreme simplicity of Dublin Core metadata.
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