Michael Berkowitz | |
---|---|
Born | |
Academic background | |
Alma mater | Hobart College University of Wisconsin–Madison |
Doctoral advisor | George L. Mosse |
Academic work | |
Institutions | University College London |
Main interests | History of Zionism,visual culture,photography |
Michael Berkowitz is a UK-based American historian and professor of modern Jewish history at University College London. [1]
Berkowitz was born in Rochester,New York. He earned a bachelor's degree from Hobart College in Geneva,New York,and a master's degree and PhD from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. [2] [3]
Since 2012,Berkowitz has been editor of Jewish Historical Studies:Transactions of the Jewish Historical Society of England. [2] [4] Berkowitz has a particular interest in the history of the Jewish involvement in photography. [5]
Zionism is an ethno-cultural nationalist movement that emerged in Europe in the late 19th century and aimed for the establishment of a Jewish state through the colonization of a land outside Europe. With the rejection of alternate proposals for a Jewish state,it eventually focused on the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine,a region corresponding to the Land of Israel in Judaism,and of central importance in Jewish history. Zionists wanted to create a Jewish state in Palestine with as much land,as many Jews,and as few Palestinian Arabs as possible. Following the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948,Zionism became Israel's national or state ideology.
Ze'ev Jabotinsky was a Revisionist Zionist leader,author,poet,orator,soldier,and founder of the Jewish Self-Defense Organization in Odessa.
The Biltmore Conference,also known by its resolution as the Biltmore Program,was a fundamental departure from traditional Zionist policy by its demand "that Palestine be established as a Jewish Commonwealth." The meeting was held in New York City,at the prestigious Biltmore Hotel,from May 9 to May 11,1942,with 600 delegates and Zionist leaders from 18 countries attending.
The Évian Conference was convened 6–15 July 1938 at Évian-les-Bains,France,to address the problem of German and Austrian Jewish refugees wishing to flee persecution by Nazi Germany. It was the initiative of United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt who perhaps hoped to obtain commitments from some of the invited nations to accept more refugees,although he took pains to avoid stating that objective expressly. Historians have suggested that Roosevelt desired to deflect attention and criticism from American policy that severely limited the quota of refugees admitted to the United States.
British Jews are British citizens who are Jewish. The number of people who identified as Jews in the United Kingdom rose by just under 4% between 2001 and 2021.
Paula Hyman was an American social historian who served as the Lucy Moses Professor of Modern Jewish History at Yale University.
Maurice Orbach was a British Labour Party politician,who represented the Willesden East and Stockport South constituencies.
Robert Solomon Wistrich was a scholar of antisemitism,considered one of the world's foremost authorities on antisemitism.
David Sword Wyman was the Josiah DuBois professor of history at the University of Massachusetts,Amherst.
United Jewish Socialist Workers Party was a political party that emerged in Russia in the wake of the 1917 February Revolution. Members of the party along with the Poalei Zion participated in the government of Ukraine and condemned the October Revolution.
Anti-Zionism is opposition to Zionism. Although anti-Zionism is a heterogeneous phenomenon,all its proponents agree that the creation of the modern State of Israel,and the movement to create a sovereign Jewish state in the region of Palestine—a region partly coinciding with the biblical Land of Israel—was flawed or unjust in some way.
John Kler, was a British-American historian of Russian Jewry and a pivotal figure in academic Jewish studies and East European history in the UK and beyond. At the end of his career and life,Klier was the Sidney and Elizabeth Corob Professor of Modern Jewish History at University College London. He was a historian who challenged scholarly opinion on the Jewish community under the Tsars.
Mordecai Ehrenpreis was a Hebrew author,publisher and Zionist activist. From 1914 until his death he served as chief rabbi of Stockholm.
David Allen Conway is a British music historian,academic and writer.
The Jewish Socialist Workers Party,often nicknamed Seymists,was a Jewish socialist political party in the Russian Empire. The party was founded in April 1906,emerging out of the Vozrozhdenie (Renaissance) circles. The Vozrozhdenie was a non-Marxist tendency which was led by the nonmarxist thinker and politician Chaim Zhitlowsky. Zhitlowsky became the theoretician of the new party that advocated with the same emphasis Jewish self-reliance and socialism. Leaders of the party included Avrom Rozin (Ben-Adir),Nokhem Shtif,Moyshe Zilberfarb and Mark Ratner. The party was close to the Socialist-Revolutionary Party (PSR).
Arthur A. Goren was the Russell and Bettina Knapp Professor Emeritus of American Jewish History at Columbia University in New York City.
Arthur Menachem Hantke was a jurist,lawyer and economist,one of the leaders of Zionist movement in Germany and one of the leaders of the Zionist fundraising organization Keren Hayesod.
The claim that there was a Jewish war against Nazi Germany is an antisemitic conspiracy theory promoted in Nazi propaganda which asserts that the Jews,framed within the theory as a single historical actor,started World War II and sought the destruction of Germany. Alleging that war was declared in 1939 by Chaim Weizmann,president of the World Zionist Organization,Nazis used this false notion to justify the persecution of Jews under German control on the grounds that the Holocaust was justified self-defense. Since the end of World War II,the conspiracy theory has been popular among neo-Nazis and Holocaust deniers.
Israel Finestein QC MA (1921–2009),an English barrister and Deputy High Court Judge,was a leader and historian of British Jewry. His writings analysed the history of divisions amongst the Jews of England;in varied roles he worked for communal change and reconciliation.
Zionist antisemitism or antisemitic Zionism refers to a phenomenon in which antisemites express support for Zionism and the State of Israel. In some cases,this support may be promoted for explicitly antisemitic reasons. Historically,this type of antisemitism has been most notable among Christian Zionists,who may perpetrate religious antisemitism while being outspoken in their support for Jewish sovereignty in Israel due to their interpretation of Christian eschatology. Similarly,people who identify with the political far-right,particularly in Europe and the United States,may support the Zionist movement because they seek to expel Jews from their country and see Zionism as the least complicated method of achieving this goal and satisfying their racial antisemitism.