Michael Roger Perfit (born 1949) is an American geologist who is currently an emeritus distinguished professor at the University of Florida. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Perfit grew up on Long Island, New York where he got his love for the ocean that has continued today in his personal and professional life. He attended St. Lawrence University in upstate New York where he graduated with a BS in Geology in 1971. He first entered the graduate program at Lamont Doherty Geological Observatory/Columbia University as a student of Maurice Ewing and later, Bruce Heezen receiving an M. Phil. in Marine Geology in 1974. He continued to obtain a Ph.D. at Lamont/Columbia in Geochemistry in 1977 under the mentorship of Drs. Robert Kay and W. Ian Ridley.
After graduating, Perfit became a Research Fellow in geochemistry at the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia for 5 years where he investigated island arc volcanoes and submarine ridges in the southwest Pacific. Perfit became Assistant Professor in the Department of Geology at the University of Florida in Gainesville in 1982. [5] He worked his way through the academic ranks to become a Full Professor and served as Chair of the Department from 2007 to 2013. His research has primarily focused on submarine petrology, volcanism and tectonics. Most of his fieldwork and research has been done on the bottom of the ocean or in geochemistry labs investigating the petrogenesis of island arcs, mid-ocean ridge basalts and oceanic spreading centers. Perfit has participated on 25 oceanographic expeditions, taken more than 40 dives to depths up to 12,000 feet in the Human Occupied deep-sea submersible HOV ALVIN and more recently has used a variety of Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) to study and sample the seafloor. Much of his research over the past three decades has been focused on the northern East Pacific Rise, the southern Juan de Fuca Ridge, and Axial Seamount where he was part multidisciplinary research teams that found and studied the first recorded historic eruptions on these mid-ocean ridges.
Perfit has served as the UNOLS Chair of the Deep Submergence Science Committee (DeSSC) and as a Trustee of the Consortium for Ocean Leadership (C)L). At the University of Florida was selected as an Outstanding Teacher, Term Professor (twice) and Research Foundation Professor, (2011-2014) . He has also held visiting research fellowships at Cornell University, the University of Tasmania, the Institut de Physique du Globe (Paris), the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, and the Australian National University. He is a Fellow of the Geological Society of America, elected in 2008 for "his distinguished contributions in marine geology and igneous petrology." [6] He was elected as a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union (AGU) in 2013.
He has published over 150 professional papers and articles as well as two books – one is a children’s book written and illustrated with Perfit’s college roommate, Don Brown, - entitled “Older Than Dirt: A Wild but True History of Earth”. The other is an academic book that focuses mainly on the exploration of the deep ocean floor, mid-ocean ridges, deep sea volcanism and hydrothermalism, and the structure and composition of oceanic crust. [7] The highly illustrated book is entitled “Discovering the Deep: A Photographic Atlas of the Seafloor” by Jeff Karson, Deb Kelley, Dan Fornari, Mike Perfit and Tim Shank. [8] [9]
.Selected publications
Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that Earth's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates which have been slowly moving since about 3.4 billion years ago. The model builds on the concept of continental drift, an idea developed during the first decades of the 20th century. Plate tectonics came to be accepted by geoscientists after seafloor spreading was validated in the mid-to-late 1960s.
Seafloor spreading or Seafloor spread is a process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge.
Oceanic crust is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of the tectonic plates. It is composed of the upper oceanic crust, with pillow lavas and a dike complex, and the lower oceanic crust, composed of troctolite, gabbro and ultramafic cumulates. The crust overlies the rigid uppermost layer of the mantle. The crust and the rigid upper mantle layer together constitute oceanic lithosphere.
Marine geology or geological oceanography is the study of the history and structure of the ocean floor. It involves geophysical, geochemical, sedimentological and paleontological investigations of the ocean floor and coastal zone. Marine geology has strong ties to geophysics and to physical oceanography.
A mid-ocean ridge (MOR) is a seafloor mountain system formed by plate tectonics. It typically has a depth of about 2,600 meters (8,500 ft) and rises about 2,000 meters (6,600 ft) above the deepest portion of an ocean basin. This feature is where seafloor spreading takes place along a divergent plate boundary. The rate of seafloor spreading determines the morphology of the crest of the mid-ocean ridge and its width in an ocean basin.
The Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) is the scientific research center of the Columbia Climate School, and a unit of The Earth Institute at Columbia University. It focuses on climate and earth sciences and is located on a 189-acre campus in Palisades, New York, 18 miles (29 km) north of Manhattan on the Hudson River.
A back-arc basin is a type of geologic basin, found at some convergent plate boundaries. Presently all back-arc basins are submarine features associated with island arcs and subduction zones, with many found in the western Pacific Ocean. Most of them result from tensional forces, caused by a process known as oceanic trench rollback, where a subduction zone moves towards the subducting plate. Back-arc basins were initially an unexpected phenomenon in plate tectonics, as convergent boundaries were expected to universally be zones of compression. However, in 1970, Dan Karig published a model of back-arc basins consistent with plate tectonics.
A sheeted dyke complex, or sheeted dike complex, is a series of sub-parallel intrusions of igneous rock, forming a layer within the oceanic crust. At mid-ocean ridges, dykes are formed when magma beneath areas of tectonic plate divergence travels through a fracture in the earlier formed oceanic crust, feeding the lavas above and cooling below the seafloor forming upright columns of igneous rock. Magma continues to cool, as the existing seafloor moves away from the area of divergence, and additional magma is intruded and cools. In some tectonic settings slices of the oceanic crust are obducted (emplaced) upon continental crust, forming an ophiolite.
The Cobb hotspot is a marine volcanic hotspot at, which is 460 km (290 mi) west of Oregon and Washington, North America, in the Pacific Ocean. Over geologic time, the Earth's surface has migrated with respect to the hotspot through plate tectonics, creating the Cobb–Eickelberg Seamount chain. The hotspot is currently collocated with the Juan de Fuca Ridge.
Craig E. Manning is a professor of geology and geochemistry in the Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences at the University of California, Los Angeles, where he served as department chair between 2009 and 2012. Manning's research interests include water chemistry, thermodynamics, gas chemistry, geochemistry, igneous petrology, and metamorphic petrology.
The lower oceanic crust is the lower part of the oceanic crust and represents the major part of it. It is generally located 4–8 km below the ocean floor and the major lithologies are mafic which derive from melts rising from the earth's mantle. This part of the oceanic crust is an important zone for processes such as melt accumulation and melt modification. And the recycling of this part of the oceanic crust, together with the upper mantle has been suggested as a significant source component for tholeiitic magmas in Hawaiian volcanoes. Although the lower oceanic crust builds the link between the mantle and the MORB, and can't be neglected for the understanding of MORB evolution, the complex processes operating in this zone remain unclear and there is an ongoing debate in Earth Sciences about this. It is 6KM long.
Lamont seamount chain is a chain of submarine mountains in the eastern Pacific Ocean which are named "Sasha", "MIB", "MOK", "DTD" and "NEW". They are located close to the East Pacific Rise and reach a minimum depth of 1,629 metres (5,344 ft).
Emily M. Klein is a professor of geology and geochemistry at Duke University. She studies volcanic eruptions and the process of oceanic crust creation. She has spent over thirty years investigating the geology of mid-ocean ridges and identified the importance of the physical conditions of mantle melting on the chemical composition of basalt.
Dietmar Müller is a professor of geophysics at the school of geosciences, the University of Sydney.
Deborah Sue Kelley is a marine geologist who studies hydrothermal vents, active submarine volcanoes, and life in these regions of the deep ocean.
Suzanne Carbotte is a marine geophysicist known for her research on the formation of new oceanic crust.
Susan Humphris is a geologist known for her research on processes at mid-ocean ridges. She is an elected fellow of the American Geophysical Union.
Rachel Haymon is a marine geologist known for her work linking geological and biological processes occurring at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. In 2005 she was elected a fellow of the Geological Society of America.
Margo Helen Edwards is a marine geologist known for mapping of the seafloor and hydrothermal vents. She led the 1999 SCICEX and was the first women to live aboard a United States' Navy submarine while doing under-ice research.
Maya Tolstoy is a marine geophysicist known for her work on earthquakes in the deep sea. From Fall 2018 through December 2019 she was the Interim Executive Vice President and Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Columbia University. As of 2022, she is the Maggie Walker Dean in the College of the Environment at the University of Washington.